AZ31镁合金不同温度挤压后组织性能研究

研究不同模具温度挤压变形对细晶AZ31镁合金力学性能和织构演变的影响.结果表明,挤压变形显著地细化AZ31镁合金的晶粒,大幅度地提高了材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度,而材料的延伸率变化不大.室温挤压时,材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为322和233 MPa,延伸率为21%.随着模具温度的升高,变形后材料组织中的大角度晶界所占的比例逐渐变大,表明挤压过程中的动态再结晶越来越充分.挤压变形后,形成{0002}基面环形织构,织构强度较原始状态显著减弱.通过综合分析材料的力学性能以及织构分布,发现AZ31镁合金的力学性能取决于材料的晶粒大小与织构分布.     

拉伸取向控制对AZ31镁合金孪生和织构演化的影响

以室温单轴拉伸实验与晶体塑性有限元相结合的方法,通过拉伸取向控制,研究了AZ31镁合金拉伸变形过程中孪生行为、织构演化规律、塑性各向异性之间的关系。基于率相关晶体塑性本构理论,建立了滑移和孪生机制耦合的具有不同取向的晶体塑性本构模型,引入孪晶体积分数研究孪生对AZ31镁合金塑性变形过程中织构演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,2种不同取向的样品在塑性变形过程中呈现出明显不同的织构演变规律,表现出明显的各向异性。轴向拉伸时孪生被抑制,孪晶激活体积分数低,径向拉伸时孪晶极易产生,孪晶激活体积分数高。轴向试样在整个塑性变形过程中{0001}极图偏移较小,径向试样因大量拉伸孪晶的开启,使得{0001}棱柱面织构的极密度逐渐向RD的正反方向发生明显偏移。     

镁合金AZ31常温下的塑性变形行为

通过挤压制取镁合金A231镁合金板坯,常温下进行轧制,研究其塑性变形行为。考察了镁合金AZ31组织和轧制工艺参数对其常温下塑性变形能力的影响。结果表明,晶粒度和道次加工率是影响镁合金AZ31常温塑性变形能力的重要因素。当挤压板坯晶粒度为10μm时,板材轧制变形由脆性转变为塑性。总加工率越大,晶粒越细,塑性越好。合理分配道次加工率可使总加工率增大。     

初始织构对AZ31镁合金孪生和织构演化的影响

为研究AZ31镁合金变形孪晶和塑性各向异性,基于率相关晶体塑性本构理论,采用有限元方法建立了具有不同初始织构的镁合金模型（包含滑移和孪生变形机制）,并引入孪晶体积分数,研究其压缩过程中织构演变、孪生和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：晶体的塑性行为在很大程度上取决于初始织构,初始织构的差异导致了压缩行为的明显各向异性,轴向屈服强度和抗拉伸强度高,径向屈服强度和抗拉伸强度低。压缩塑性变形过程中随着变形量的增加,激活孪晶体积分数增高,且径向压缩激活孪晶体积分数越高,轴向压缩激活孪晶体积分数越低。模拟中出现明显孪晶的点与应力突变的点相吻合,当孪晶体积分数达到一定值时,应力发生突变,此时晶体取向发生显著变化,新的滑移系启动,反映了滑移和孪晶机制耦合对AZ31镁合金力学性能的影响。     

热变形对AZ31镁合金显微组织的影响

利用Gleeble1500热模拟材料实验机，在高温不同变形条件下对AZ31镁合金铸态试样进行压缩变形，采用金相显微镜对其组织演变规律进行了分析，结果表明，在350～450℃以10s^-1的应变速率压缩变形可以得到均匀细小的显微组织。     

Paint-bake response of AZ80 and AZ31 Mg alloys

Aging behaviors of extruded and rolled AZ80 and AZ31 Mg alloys were investigated under conditions similar to the paint-bake cycle currently used in automotive industry.Artificial aging at 170℃ from 0.5 to 12 h was conducted on solution-treated specimens to study the effects of aging on mechanical properties.SEM observations and EDS data show thatβ-phase of Al12Mg17 precipitates continuously or discontinuously fromα-Mg matrix and distributes along grain boundaries of the AZ80 alloy during artificial aging.Data of tensile tests and Vickers hardness tests show that an optimum mechanical property is achieved after baking at 170℃ for 6-8 h when Vickers hardness,tensile strength,and elongation are increased by 6.35%,15.30%,and 7.88%,respectively, while the AZ31 alloy does not exhibit significant hardening behavior over the aging period.     

挤压态AZ31合金小应变变形时的孪生行为

在室温下对挤压态AZ31合金沿棒材径向进行拉伸变形（RDT试样）和沿挤压方向进行压缩变形（EDC试样）,2种变形应变速率均为10^-4 s^-1。采用金相显微镜（OM）和背散射电子衍射（EBSD）研究了变形过程中合金的孪生行为。结果表明：拉伸孪晶影响了合金的屈服点,EDC试样的屈服点为139 MPa,高于RDT试样的屈服点88 MPa。2种变形应力状态下,随应变增加,合金的应变硬化速率都是先快速下降,但EDC试样的硬化速率随后明显上升,并一直持续到断裂,而RDT试样则几乎保持稳定的硬化速率。EDC试样硬化速率的升高与合金中产生大量的拉伸孪晶以及孪晶织构诱导的滑移行为有关。基于EBSD测试结果,给出了一种计算晶粒内孪晶体积分数的方法,得出RDT试样在应变为0.04时,（0002）晶粒中拉伸孪晶体积分数约为45%。     

Comparison of microstructure and properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheet produced through different routes

Slabs fabricated by means of three different ingot breakdown modes:hot-rolling,extrusion-rolling and twin-roll strip continuous casting-cum-rolling,were rolled into sheets and then annealed.Both the rolled and annealed sheets were investigated by SEM-EBSP,BSE,X-ray diffraction and tensile test,and compared in terms of microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties. Effects of different processing methods on the microstructure,texture and the related mechanical properties were discussed based on the exp...     

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针对AZ31镁合金板材室温冲压成形较差的特点,采用在不同轧制温度下获得的镁合金板材对其进行拉伸、埃里克森和锥杯试验,并通过光学电镜和X射线衍射仪对其显微组织、织构和成形性能等进行研究.结果表明,AZ31镁合金板材的综合力学性能不仅与晶粒尺寸有关,还与晶粒取向有关;基面织构的减弱可明显提高板材的胀形性能,在基面织构强度相似的强况下,晶粒大小对板材的成形性能起决定性影响.     

Mechanical Characteristics of Superplastic Deformation of AZ31Magnesium Alloy

As the lightest constructional metal on earth, magnesium (and its alloys) offers a great potential for weight reduction in the transportation industry. Many automotive components have been already produced from different magnesium alloys, but they are mainly cast components. Production of magnesium outer body components is still hindered by the material’s inferior ductility at room temperature. Magnesium alloys are usually warm-formed to overcome this problem; however, it was observed that some magnesium alloys exhibits superior ductility and superplastic behavior at higher temperatures. More comprehensive investigation of magnesium’s high temperature behavior is needed for broader utilization of the metal and its alloys. In this work, the high temperature deformation aspects of the AZ31B-H24 commercial magnesium alloy are investigated through a set of uniaxial tensile tests that cover forming temperatures ranging between 23 and 500 °C, and constant true strain rates between 2 × 10⁻⁵ and 2.5 × 10⁻² s⁻¹. The study targets mainly the superplastic behavior of the alloy, by characterizing flow stress, elongation-to-fracture, and strain rate sensitivity under various conditions. In addition, the initial anisotropy is also investigated at different forming temperatures. The results of these and other mechanical and microstructural tests will be used to develop a microstructure-based constitutive model that can capture the superplastic behavior of the material. This article was presented at the AeroMat Conference, International Symposium on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming (SPF) held in Seattle, WA, June 6–9, 2005.     

AZ31镁合金热成形及退火过程的组织与织构

研究了热轧板及不同挤压比的热挤压棒的组织和织构特征 ,确定了热挤压时 <110 0 >织构随应变的加大取代 <112 0 >织构的原因。分析了退火对热成形组织及织构的影响 ,确定了 <110 0 >织构的消失与残余形变晶粒再结晶的联系。估算了退火时两类样品的平均晶粒长大速度并讨论了其与织构的关系。综合分析表明 ,AZ31镁合金热成形后总产生较强的织构 ,织构提高了热成形后的力学性能。高温退火虽使织构减弱 ,但伴随晶粒的明显长大。     

AZ31镁合金铸态组织及其退火工艺研究

研究了AZ31合金的铸锭组织及其退火工艺,为AZ31镁合金由铸态组织直接塑性变形提供了一定的参考依据。     

AZ31B镁合金的低温压缩变形机制

利用Geeble1500热模拟实验机对双辊连续铸轧AZ31B镁板在变形温度为100℃,应变速率为10-3s-1的条件下进行单轴压缩变形,并利用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜对其微观组织进行观察。结果表明:在上述的条件下变形时,合金中产生大量的孪晶,孪晶与孪晶之间相互交截,在孪晶界及孪晶交截区出现大量的位错,并且有动态再结晶核心及再结晶小晶粒,说明该合金中动态再结晶形核位置主要为孪晶界及孪晶-孪晶交截区。     

AZ31镁合金管材挤压成形数值模拟研究

根据等温压缩实验所得AZ31镁合金应力一应变数据,拟合出材料温成形应力一应变曲线,应用有限元法模拟AZ31镁合金管材的挤压成形,着重探讨了AZ31镁合金挤压成形过程中,温度、速度、润滑等因素对金属流动的影响,为管类零件挤压成形工艺提供了科学依据。     

Twinning, grain orientation and texture variation of AZ31 Mg alloy during compression by EBSD tracing

In order to investigate the micro-mechanism of warm forming of Mg alloys, three specimens cut from a rolled AZ31 sheet were chosen to be compressed along the Rolling Direction (RD) at 100 °C, 170 °C and 230 °C, separately. During compression, an in situ measurement of grain orientation in the plane of RD × TD (Transverse Direction) was carried out with EBSD method. Experimental and analytical results show that temperature has remarkable impact on activation of twinning and variation of texture. As the temperature was raised from 100 °C to 230 °C, the number of grains with twins activated decreased substantially during deformation, and rolling texture varied from quick vanishing at 100 °C to always existing at 230 °C. Tracing for orientation of individual grains during deformation shows that there are obvious different orientation changes between grains with twins activated and those without twins activated. Twinning plays a significant effect on texture variation during compression. The extension twin variant really activated during deformation is the one with maximal Schmid factor.     

Effects of hot extrusion and annealing treatment on microstructures, properties and texture of AZ31 Mg alloy

Effects of extrusion deformation and heat treatment on microstructures, mechanical properties and texture of AZ31 Mg alloy were investigated. The results show that the microstructuses of as-cast AZ31 alloy are markedly refined aider hot extruding, the average grain size is about 25 μm and strong fiber texture （10 1 0） exists in the extruded AZ31 alloy. The mechanical properties are improved obviously. The grain size is somewhat inhomogeneous and strip structure emerges along the extrusion direction due to incomplete dynamic recrystallization during the extrusion process. With increasing annealing temperature, the small grain grows up and turns into equiaxed grain, and the texture is weakened with the visible growing up of grains.     

Shear bands in magnesium alloy AZ31

During deformation of magnesium at low temperatures, cracks always develop at shear bands. The origin of the shear bands is the { 1011 } twinning in basal-oriented grains and the mobility of this type of twin boundary is rather low. The most frequent deformation mechanisms in magnesium at low temperature are basal slip and { 1012 } twinning, all leading to the basal texture and therefore the formation of shear bands with subsequent fracture. The investigation on the influences of initial textures and grain sizes reveals that a strong prismatic initial texture of (0001) parallels to TD and fine grains of less than 5 8m can restrict the formation and expansion of shear bands effectively and therefore improve the mechanical properties and formability of magnesium.     

AZ31B管材挤压数值模拟及挤压极限图的建立

采用Gleeble3000型热-力学模拟试验机,对不同温度和应变速率下的AZ31B镁合金的变形形为进行了研究,以得到材料的真实应力—应变曲线,导入专业成形数值模拟软件,对尺寸为尴40×3的AZ31B无缝管材,以坯料初始温度240℃～480℃、挤压杆速度2mm/s～80mm/s的条件进行了数值模拟,根据模拟数据建立了挤压极限图,并通过挤压工艺试验对所得的挤压极限图进行了验证,结果吻合的很好。     

相场方法模拟AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶过程

为了获得合金静态再结晶前的变形晶粒组织,应用网格畸变模型与相场模型结合,生成变形合金再结晶前的初始晶粒组织;针对合金不同变形区域的特征和体系储存能分布不均匀的特点,分别引入反映不同变形区域的储存能分布的权重因子和变形区域的特征状态因子,构造多状态的非均匀自由能密度函数.在此基础上,应用相场动力学方程模拟了AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶过程的微结构演化,系统地分析了再结晶转变动力学曲线和Avrami曲线,以及储存能释放规律和再结晶晶粒尺度分布.模拟得到的动力学规律符合JMAK理论,所得的Avrami曲线可近似看成一条直线,对应于真应变ε=0.25,0.50,0.75和1.00,该直线的平均斜率分别为2.45,2.35,2.19和2.15.Avrami时间指数随变形量的增加而降低.变形程度大的合金,储存能释放的速度快,完成静态再结晶所需的时间短.基于本文提出的模型,结合相场方法计算模拟所得的结果与已有的理论结果和实验结果符合良好.