铁基纳米晶合金的热膨胀研究

研究了铁基纳米晶合金Ｆｅ_１３．５Ｃｕ_１Ｎｂ_３Ｓｉ_１３．５Ｂ_９和Ｆｅ_９１Ｚｒ_７Ｂ_２的热膨胀特性，并与相应成分的非晶合金做了比较。结果表明，在居里温度以下，纳米晶合金的热膨胀系数比非晶合金大得多，而在居里温度以上，两者几乎相等。认为上述的热膨胀的差别可能与铁基非晶态合金中存在的因瓦效应有关。 关键词：     

铁基软磁非晶/纳米晶合金研究进展及应用前景

非晶合金通常是将熔融的金属快速冷却、通过抑制结晶而获得的原子呈长程无序排列的金属材料.由于具有这种特殊结构,铁基软磁非晶合金具有各向同性特征、很小的结构关联尺寸和磁各向异性常数,因而具有很小的矫顽力H_c,但可和晶态材料一样具有高的饱和磁感强度B_s.优异的软磁性能促进了铁基软磁非晶合金的应用研究.目前,铁基软磁非晶/纳米晶合金带材已实现大规模工业化生产和应用,成为重要的高性能软磁材料.本文回顾了软磁非晶合金的发现和发展历程,结合成分、结构、工艺对铁基非晶/纳米晶合金软磁性能的影响,介绍了相关基础研究成果和工艺技术进步对铁基软磁非晶/纳米晶合金研发和工业化应用的重要贡献.并根据结构、性能特征将铁基软磁非晶合金研发与应用分为三个阶段,指出了目前铁基软磁非晶合金研发与应用中面临的挑战和发展方向.     

Fe-Cu-Si-B纳米晶合金的结构与性能

利用非晶晶化法制备了(Fe_0.99Cu_0.01)₇₈Si₉B₁₃纳米晶合金。发现其显微硬度H_v与晶粒尺寸d之间基本服从Hall-Petch关系。利用M?ssbauer谱研究了晶粒尺寸为30nm的材料中类金属原子的分布及其对晶化相电子结构的影响。 关键词：     

PbTe纳米晶高压热电性能的研究

 利用自建的400 t四柱双缸液压机,研究了PbTe纳米晶在0~0.8 GPa压力范围内热电性能随压力的变化。实验结果表明：PbTe纳米晶电导率随压力的增加而增加,而热电动势随压力的增加而减小,两者随压力的变化具有可逆性;PbTe纳米晶具有极高的热电动势,在常压下达到565 μV/K,在0.8 GPa压力下,材料的电导率为常压下的4倍,热电动势仅降低20%,功率因子则达到常压下的3倍。研究表明,高压能显著提高PbTe纳米晶的热电性能。利用第一性原理计算了0.4~4.0 GPa压力范围内材料的简约费米能级,计算结果与实验结果相吻合。     

粗晶和纳米晶Sm_3Co合金的制备及其性能研究

本文针对Sm3Co粗晶和纳米晶合金材料的制备和基础性能进行了研究.采用磁悬浮熔炼技术多次精炼制备出Sm3Co粗晶合金.以此为母材,利用高能球磨非晶化和放电等离子烧结致密化并同步晶化的技术路线,制备出平均晶粒尺寸为8 nm的超细纳米晶Sm3Co合金块体材料.构建了Sm3Co纳米晶合金的晶体结构模型,并结合其显微组织的表征,分析了Sm3Co纳米晶合金的磁性能和力学性能,并与粗晶合金进行了比较粗晶Sm3Co合金不具有硬磁特性,而同种成分的纳米晶合金则表现出一定的硬磁特性.纳米晶Sm3Co合金的显微硬度和弹性模量分别达到4.87 GPa和63.7 GPa,比粗晶合金增大约8.7%和13.3%.本文研究结果为Sm-Co体系合金的基础性能及其纳米尺度效应提供了系统的参考依据.     

离子注入金红石单晶生成的金属Ni纳米晶的磁学性能研究

 研究了能量为64keV、注量1×10¹⁷cm^-2的Ni离子注入金红石TiO₂单晶制备的植入金属纳米晶的微观结构和磁学性能。注入层的结构和磁学性能采用透射电子显微分析（TEM）和超导量子干涉磁强计（SQUID）进行分析。结果表明，金红石单晶中有尺寸为3～18nm的金属Ni纳米晶生成，注入区域基体明显非晶化。10K温度下金属Ni纳米晶的矫顽力约为16.8kA·m^-1，比Ni块材的矫顽力大。样品的零场冷却/有场冷却（ZFC/FC）曲线表明，金属Ni纳米晶的截止温度约为85K。     

离子注入金红石单晶生成的金属Ni纳米晶的磁学性能研究

研究了能量为64keV、注量1×1017cm-2的Ni离子注入金红石TiO2单晶制备的植入金属纳米晶的微观结构和磁学性能。注入层的结构和磁学性能采用透射电子显微分析（TEM）和超导量子干涉磁强计（SQUID）进行分析。结果表明，金红石单晶中有尺寸为3～18nm的金属Ni纳米晶生成，注入区域基体明显非晶化。10K温度下金属Ni纳米晶的矫顽力约为16.8kA·m-1，比Ni块材的矫顽力大。样品的零场冷却/有场冷却（ZFC/FC）曲线表明，金属Ni纳米晶的截止温度约为85K。     

离子注入金红石单晶生成的金属Ni纳米晶的磁学性能研究

研究了能量为64keV、注量1×1017cm-2的Ni离子注入金红石TiO2单晶制备的植入金属纳米晶的微观结构和磁学性能。注入层的结构和磁学性能采用透射电子显微分析（TEM）和超导量子干涉磁强计（SQUID）进行分析。结果表明,金红石单晶中有尺寸为3～18nm的金属Ni纳米晶生成,注入区域基体明显非晶化。10K温度下金属Ni纳米晶的矫顽力约为16.8kA·m-1,比Ni块材的矫顽力大。样品的零场冷却/有场冷却（ZFC/FC）曲线表明,金属Ni纳米晶的截止温度约为85K。     

铁基纳米晶合金的介观阻抗率及应用

提出了铁基纳米晶合金介观阻抗率的物理概念,用Maxwell方程组求得其计算公式ρ=-μ{A}/{t}/Δ×H,该式表明铁基纳米晶合金的介观阻抗率与材料内部的介观磁场强度H、介观磁矢势A和介观磁导率μ有关,磁矢势A是由介观结构引起的量子力学效应,是由合金的微观结构决定的.这个理论很好地解释了铁基纳米晶粉末、粉芯 关键词： Fe基纳米晶合金 介观阻抗率     

铁基纳米晶合金的介观阻抗率及应用

提出了铁基纳米晶合金介观阻抗率的物理概念，用Maxwell方程组求得其计算公式ρ=-μ{A}/{t}/Δ×H，该式表明铁基纳米晶合金的介观阻抗率与材料内部的介观磁场强度H、介观磁矢势A和介观磁导率μ有关，磁矢势A是由介观结构引起的量子力学效应，是由合金的微观结构决定的.这个理论很好地解释了铁基纳米晶粉末、粉芯     

External influence on magnetic properties of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys

Amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons of NANOPERM, FINEMET and HITPERM were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) after the influence of external factors: different annealing atmospheres, tensile stress and several kinds of corrosion. MS is a suitable tool for such studies because the spectral parameters are very sensitive to changes in the vicinity of the probe — ⁵⁷Fe nuclei. The most sensitive parameters were hyperfine magnetic field in crystalline component, average hyperfine field in amorphous component and direction of net magnetic moments. Influence of external factors modified also the structure of the alloys, i.e. new or modified phases were identified by MS phase analysis.     

Effect of warm compaction on the magnetic and electrical properties of Fe-based soft magnetic composites

This paper investigates the effect of warm compaction on the magnetic and electrical properties of Fe-based soft magnetic composites at operating frequencies between 0.1 and 10 kHz. The magnetic and electrical properties of samples were measured by an LCR meter and morphology of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the compacted sample prepared at 800 MPa and 550 °C had the lowest magnetic loss and electrical resistivity, and highest magnetic induction and effective permeability in comparison with other samples compacted at 800 MPa and room temperature, 150, 250, 350 and 450 °C.     

Effect of the bath pH on the electrodeposition of nanocrystalline Pd–Co alloys and their magnetic properties

The effect of the bath pH on the electrodeposition of nanocrystalline Pd–Co alloys and on their magnetic properties was studied. The pH practically did not affect the alloy composition. Conversely, the pH showed a significant influence on the shape and size of crystallites. Two different crystallites morphology were observed depending on the bath pH. A crystallite size ranging from 18.2 to 30 nm was obtained from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) patterns using the Scherrer's method. Also from the XRD patterns the lattice strain percentage was calculated and correlated with the residual stress, which probably originated during the film electrodeposition on the substrate. Some alloy magnetic properties showed small variations. In contrast, high and unexpected coercivities were obtained reaching a maximum of 1.69 kOe at pH 5.5. The high coercivity values were attributed to the presence of residual stress at the film–substrate interface, which increased as the bath pH and crystallite size decrease, both of them contributing simultaneously to increase in coercivity.     

Influence of Cr content on structure and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-Al-Cr powders

As a kind of soft magnetic metallic material, flaky FeSiAl powders have been studied and used widely. Transition metal chromium can improve the magnetic properties of FeSiAl. This article prepared Fe₈₅Si_9.5-xAl_5.5Cr_x (x=0, 2, 4, 6 wt%) alloys powders by adding chromium to replace silicon in alloys. The morphology and microstructure of alloys powders were studied, electromagnetic parameters were measured and microwave absorption properties in the frequency range from 0.5 to 18 GHz were analyzed. With the increase of Cr content, α-Fe (Al, Si) superlattice phases appeared in alloys powders, and then disappeared. Excessive Cr precipitated from the alloys when its content reaches 6 wt%. The minimum reflection loss (-20 dB) among the four powders was 2 wt% Cr content at the frequency of 11.5 GHz. The peaks of reflection loss shifted to the low frequency range with increase in Cr content.     

Magnetic spectra of Fe-based nanocrystalline wires with axial or transverse domains

The circular permeability μ′=μ′−jμ″ of two Fe-based soft magnetic wires with axial and transverse domains, has been determined from the measurements of impedance Z=R+jX as functions of frequency (f=10-10⁵ Hz) and AC current amplitude (I=0.1-100 mA). From the magnetic spectra of μ′−f and μ″−f for a few circular fields (H_φ=0.4, 1.2, 4, 12, 40 A/m), we found that the sample with axial domain structure exhibits a relaxational feature, while for the one with transverse domain resonance-like spectra were observed when the circular field H_φ≥4 A/m. These results have been discussed in terms of domain structure and circular magnetization processes.     

Fe基纳米晶合金晶粒尺寸反常变化的物理机制

晶粒尺寸在很大程度上决定了Fe基纳米晶合金的磁学性能,其随退火温度变化的物理机理是纳米晶领域重要的研究内容.研究了初始晶化温度与二次晶化温度之间退火1 h Fe基纳米晶合金晶粒尺寸随退火温度的变化,并建立了相应的模型.利用提出的模型分析了该温度范围内Fe基纳米晶合金晶粒尺寸随退火温度升高先减小后增大的物理机制. 研究发现,在初始晶化温度与二次晶化温度之间等时退火,当退火温度约为Fe基纳米晶合金熔点的0.6倍时其晶粒尺寸最小.在研究的温度区间内,理论研究结果与实验符合得较好. 本研究提供了一种快速获得小晶粒尺寸纳米晶合金的方法.     

Annealing temperature effect on microstructure,magnetic and microwave properties of Fe-based amorphous alloy powders

Fe₇₄Ni₃Si₁₃Cr₆W₄ amorphous alloy powders were annealed at different temperature (T) for 1.5 h to fabricate the corresponding amorphous and nanocrystalline powders. The influences of T on the crystalline structure, morphology, magnetic and microwave electromagnetic properties of the resultant samples were investigated via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and vector network analyzer. The results show that the powder samples obtained at T of 650 °C or more are composed of lots of ultra-fine α-Fe(Si) grains embedded in an amorphous matrix. When T increases from 350 to 750 °C, the saturated magnetization and coercivity of the as-annealed powder samples both increase monotonously whereas the relative real permittivity shows a minimal value and the relative real permeability shows a maximal value at T of 650 °C. Thus the powder samples annealed at 650 °C show optimal reflection loss under −10 dB in the whole C-band. These results here suggest that the annealing heat treatment of Fe-based amorphous alloy is an effective approach to fabricate high performance microwave absorber with reasonable permittivity and large permeability simultaneously via adjusting T.     

晶格均匀体形变对闪锌矿结构CaC和 SrC半金属性和磁性的影响

采用基于第一性原理的全势能线性缀加平面波方法计算闪锌矿结构CaC和SrC的电子结构.计算结果表明,锌矿结构CaC和SrC是自旋向上电子为非金属性的半金属,其半金属隙分别为0.83 eV和0.81 eV.磁性的计算分析表明,CaC和SrC的晶胞总磁矩都为2.00μ_B,C的原子磁矩较强,Ca和Sr的原子磁矩较弱.使晶格均匀体形变△a/a₀限于±15%,在此范围内计算CaC和SrC的电子结构.计算研究表明,当闪锌矿结构CaC和SrC的晶格常数分别为0.490 nm—0.661 nm和0.539 nm—0.707 nm时,它们的半金属性不变,晶胞总磁矩仍然为2.00μ_B.     

Doping level and environment dependence of structural stability and magnetic properties in Mn-doped WS2 bilayer in first principles

We carried out first-principles electronic structure calculation to study the structural stability and magnetic properties of Mn-doped WS₂ ultra-thin films within the density functional theory. Adopting various configurations of Mn doping into WS₂ bilayer, we find that the magnetic phase can be manipulated among the ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic phases by altering doping level and growth environment. Magnetic phase and strength are determined by magnetic coupling of Mn dopants 3d electrons which can be attributed crucially to the exchange interaction mediated by neighboring S atoms 3p electrons. Accompanying to the magnetic phase transition, the electronic structure reveals that transport properties switch from semiconducting with various bandgap to half-metallic states. This result implicates possible way to develop magnetic semiconductors based on Mn doped 2D WS₂ ultra-thin films for spintronics applications.