S135钻杆钢表面Fe-Ni-W合金镀工艺

利用正交试验,选择温度、主盐浓度等4个因素,通过极差分析,确定了S135钻杆钢电沉积Fe-Ni-W合金镀层的最佳制备工艺,研究了镀液pH值、电流密度以及柠檬酸钠对镀层的组分、显微硬度和沉积速率的影响。结果表明：在本试验的制备条件下,获得的合金镀层结构为非晶态;随着镀液PH升高,镀层显微硬度先增大后减小,沉积速率总体呈下降趋势;镀层沉积速率随电流密度增加也逐渐增大,当电流密度从6 A/dm2增大到15 A/dm2时,合金硬度增加趋势较大,从320 HV到540 HV;当增加镀液中的柠檬酸钠含量,铁和钨均呈现增加趋势,而镍含量却出现下降趋势,同时,镀层硬度先增大后减小,沉积速率逐渐减小。     

电沉积钴钨合金镀液性能的研究

以氨基磺酸钴和钨酸钠为主盐、以柠檬骏盐为络合剂组成电沉积钴钨合金的镀液，研究镀液中NH4^ 的浓度、CO2^ 离子的络合比、溶液热处理等对镀液性能的影响。结果表明：在实验条件下，以柠檬酸盐为络合剂的钴钨合金镀液中，NH4^ 可以提高镀液稳定性和镀层含钨量；添加络合剂及镀液在80～90℃温度下进行热处理可以明显改善镀液性能和镀层外观。     

丁二酸及钨酸钠对化学镀Ni-W-P镀层沉积速度的影响

采用配方不同的化学镀液,在低碳钢基材上制备出不同的Ni-W-P三元合金镀层,对镀层沉积速度和表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明:镀液中成分的含量对镀速及镀层表面形貌都具有很大的影响,丁二酸具有十分明显的加速作用,而镀速随着钨酸钠含量的增大而减小,改变丁二酸和钨酸钠的含量可以改变镀层的表面形貌。     

脉冲电刷镀Ni-Co镀层及其硬度的研究

目的优选脉冲参数,获得具有较高显微硬度的电刷镀Ni-Co合金镀层。方法采用脉冲电源制备电刷镀Ni-Co合金镀层,以显微硬度为性能指标,对比考察CoSO_4浓度、电压、频率和占空比对Ni-Co合金镀层的影响,并研究了最优工艺参数下Ni-Co-MoS_2复合镀层硬度随MoS_2浓度的变化情况。结果电刷镀Ni-Co合金镀层的显微硬度随镀液中CoSO_4浓度的升高先增大后减小,当CoSO_4质量浓度为40 g/L时,镀层硬度达到最大值597.4HV。在4~12 V范围内,电压的增大以及占空比的减小,会使镀层硬度增大。随着频率的增大,镀层硬度呈增大趋势;频率达到1200 Hz后,镀层硬度轻微下降。加入一定量MoS_2,复合镀层硬度先增后减。结论在CoSO_4质量浓度为40 g/L、电压12 V、频率1000 Hz、占空比0.5的条件下,制备出的镀层硬度最大。与未加MoS_2的电刷镀Ni-Co镀层相比,Ni-Co-MoS_2复合镀层硬度有所下降;随着MoS_2浓度增加,复合镀层硬度先增大后减小,当MoS_2质量浓度为20 g/L时,复合镀层硬度达到最大值547HV。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒含量对Ni-Co基纳米复合电刷镀层的组织和性能影响

采用电刷镀技术制备了不同Al2O3颗粒含量的合金纳米复合电刷镀层,采用扫描电镜、硬度测试仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试了纳米Al2O3颗粒含量对镀层的组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,电刷镀层沉积速度降低、表面形貌平整,显微硬度先提高而后减低,磨痕深度先减小后增大,摩擦系数先减小后增大。当镀液中纳米Al2O3含量为20g/L时,镀层具有最优的组织和性能。     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金的影响

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH 值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明: 镀液pH 值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH = 4,温度60 ℃,电流密度4 A/dm2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g /L 时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金镀层的影响（英文）

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明:镀液pH值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH=4,温度60℃,电流密度4A/dm~2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g/L时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

柠檬酸铵浓度对脉冲电镀Ni-Cr-Mo合金镀层的影响

目的揭示柠檬酸铵浓度对脉冲电镀Ni-Cr-Mo合金镀层元素含量、沉积速率、表面形貌和耐蚀性的影响规律。方法采用脉冲电镀法在Q235钢表面制备Ni-Cr-Mo合金镀层,利用辉光放电光谱仪、扫描电镜、Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱考察柠檬酸铵浓度对镀层元素含量、沉积速率、表面形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果随柠檬酸铵浓度的增大,镀层镍含量减小,铬、钼含量增大,镀层沉积速率减小,镀层表面颗粒的尺寸减小,镀层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性先增强后减弱。结论柠檬酸铵质量浓度为196 g/L时,镀层具有最大的自腐蚀电位(-0.537 V)、最小的腐蚀电流密度(0.313μA/cm~2)和最大的电荷转移电阻(2075?·cm~2),耐蚀性最好。     

铂钨合金电沉积的研究

以氯铂酸铵、钨酸钠和柠檬酸等组成镀液,研究电流密度、络合剂与钨的摩尔比、镀液温度等工艺条件对铂钨合金电沉积的影响.结果表明:在实验条件下,电流密度的增大和络合剂用量的升高都会引起Pt-W合金镀层中的钨含量增大,但随着络合剂用量的升高,获得光亮合金镀层的电流密度范围变小.铂钨电沉积温度控制在(65±2)℃较合适.     

Ni-Fe合金镀层的微观结构与耐腐蚀性

在铜表面电沉积不同铁含量的Ni-Fe合金镀层。利用XRD、SEM和EDS表征了镀层的微观结构和成分,并对镀层硬度和耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明:Ni-Fe合金镀层的铁含量随镀液中铁离子浓度的增大呈线性增加,它们均为简单面心立方固溶体结构;铁含量低于32.81%时,各镀层硬度均较高,铁含量增大至40.7%时,硬度显著降低;随着镀层中Fe含量的增加,镀层的耐腐蚀性能先减弱后增强,铁含量为32.81%的镀层表现出较好的耐蚀性,但铁含量增大至40.7%后,镀层的耐蚀性又变差。镍铁合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液的腐蚀行为表现为不均匀点蚀。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.