自己动手,丰衣足食

忽然之间,通胀了。超市里,米贵了,面贵了,油贵了,连卷纸都在涨。菜场里,青菜贵了,海鲜贵了,各种肉也贵了。一时之间,贵气袭来,席卷了我们的生活。我们的收入没变,但是能够换来的实物越来越少了。     

激情飞扬谱华章 理性调整蓄强势——中国眼镜行业2007年盘点

中国眼镜涨价了．隐形眼镜筑底反弹了,专业技术培训火爆了,交流合作频繁了,公益活动升温了,明星推广风行了……     

海盗大叔John Galliano遭遇Dior“解聘门”

关乎John Galliano,我也不得不八卦一下了,就算从不关注时尚圈的人也对他并不陌生吧。浪漫主义大师因为种族歧视言论遭老东家Dior解聘,让人咋舌。时尚界到底是怎么了,McQueen死了,Margiela隐退了,Slimane去搞摄影了,Gaultier也不在Hermes玩了,YSL去见马克思了,Valentino回家享清福了,现在John Galliano也出事了……     

涨时代的机遇与挑战

让价格再飞一会 盘点2010白酒行业的关键词,“涨”字无疑是最热门的话题：方便面涨价了,鸡蛋涨价了,面粉涨价了,燃油涨价了,蔬菜涨价了,食用油涨价了,棉花涨价了,水电费涨价了……很多人不禁感慨：“除了工资,身边的一切都涨了!”     

对鲐鱼罐头生产工艺的改进

利用改进后的工艺生产出来的罐头。不仅提高了产品质量增加了鲐鱼罐头品种系列,也节约了原副材料,充分利用了鲐鱼本身油脂多的特点,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效益。     

中国黄酒的科研现状及发展

论述了中国黄酒近年的发展与行业整体科技水平的提升。酿造企业在设备上已,一泛实现了机械化与半机械化;工艺技术上在传统工艺的基础上应用了新工艺与新技术,提高了产品的质量安全水平;产品包装上出现了精美高雅的各式包装：产品品种上以新风格口感为导向,开发改变了单一的风格特征;在功能性研究上,除发现了γ-氨基丁酸外,还对黄酒中的功能性物质进行了深入的研究。     

略谈梳棉机针布的维护制度

从清花车间的管理,梳棉自停装置的检查及针布表面清洁制度的建立等方面介绍了梳棉机针布维护方面的经验,通过维护制度的建立执行,使针布损伤率下降了5个百分点,减少了设备事故,降低了不正常物料的投入,稳定了产品质量,提高了经济效益.     

爱是天下最美的味道

吃饱穿暖，是人类生存最基本的需求。如今生活好了，吃穿都不愁了，但一种食物是否真正称得上是美食，那就因人而异了。所谓“饥了香，饱了臭”，在今天看来都算不上什么美食。但当年我们把这些在今天看来再平常不过的食物都吃出了美味，吃出了好的心情，吃出了智慧。     

大型纺织科学共享数据库的开发

针对目前纺织企业、科研机构及高等院校对纺织科学数据的大量需求,提出了建设基于网络的大型纺织科学共享数据库的方案并予以实施。详细分析了目前已有纺织科学数据平台所存在的问题,给出了共享数据库的建设方案及总体结构模块图。对数据库建设的重要问题数据来源给出了具体方法,阐述了数据库的分段方法及格式设定,并列出了数据库的具体内容。针对纺织特点对大型数据库的维护方法提出了建议。最后分析了该数据库建设的创新性,并对数据库的前景进行了展望。     

中国制笔协会四届六次常务理事会总结

各位常务理事、同志们： １１月７日至８日，在广州召开的四届六次常务理事会，在理事长们集体主持和常务理事的共同努力下，圆满地完成了各项议程，达到了预期目的。４６位常务理事中，４１位出席了会议。 会议听取、审议、通过了高峻诚常务副理事长的工作报告；讨论了行业专家委员会工作，并通过了该委员会工作暂行规定；讨论了人才培训工作，并通过了协会培训工作实施意见；审议并通过了２０００年１～９月协会财务决算；调整、增补了副理事长、专业委主任、常务理事和理事；研究了培育专业市场及办好“２００１中国（上海）国际制笔、文…     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Food-borne Listeria monocytogenes risk assessment

Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and in food processing plants. Consequently, foods are frequently contaminated. However, the occurrence rate of listeriosis is only about five cases per million people per year. Listeriosis primarily strikes immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women and the elderly with a fatality rate of 20-25%. The FDA is in the process of finishing a risk assessment that is being conducted as an initial step in reviewing its approach to maximizing the public protection from foodborne L. monocytogenes . The risk assessment evaluated the presence and quantitative levels of L. monocytogenes in 21 groups of ready-to-eat foods. The potential growth of L. monocytogenes between retail point-of-sale, where contamination data originated, and consumption was modelled. The frequency and amount of consumption of these foods completed the data for the exposure assessment. For the hazard characterization or dose response part of the risk assessment, data from animal studies, virulence assays and epidemiological investigations were used to estimate the likelihood of illness for different human groups from consuming different numbers of L. monocytogenes . This risk assessment is a virtual review of current scientific knowledge. Quantitative modelling provides greater insight than a qualitative review and also indicates the uncertainty about our knowledge. The risk assessment does not attempt to define an acceptable or tolerable level of L. monocytogenes consumption or propose changes in regulations. These decisions are the responsibility of risk managers who consider additional factors such as food preferences, technical feasibility and societal values when evaluating regulatory policies.     

Nationaler Rückstandskontrollplan – Stärkung des Verbraucherschutzes durch gezielte Kontrollen bei tierischen Lebensmitteln

Zusammenfassung. Der Nationale Rückstandskontrollplan ist ein seit 1989 von Bund und L?ndern durchgeführtes Programm zur überwachung von Lebensmitteln tierischer Herkunft in verschiedenen Produktionsstufen auf Rückst?nde von gesundheitlich unerwünschten Stoffen. Koordinierende Stelle ist seit dem 01. 11. 2002 das Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit. Das Programm wird in der Europ?ischen Union nach einheitlich festgelegten Ma?st?ben durchgeführt. In Deutschland werden j?hrlich ca. 45.000 Tiere oder tierische Erzeugnisse auf verschiedene Stoffe und Stoffgruppen analysiert. Der Plan enth?lt für jedes Bundesland konkrete Vorgaben über die Anzahl der zu testenden Tiere bzw. tierischen Erzeugnisse, die relevanten Stoffe, die anzuwendende Methodik und die Probenahme. Die Probenahme erfolgt zielorientiert. Der Rückstandskontrollplan ist nicht auf die Erzielung statistisch repr?sentativer Daten ausgerichtet. Dargestellt werden Ziele, Organisation und Durchführung des Planes sowie einige Ergebnisse aus den letzten zehn Jahren.      

Innovation in Linen Manufacture

This monograph traces the various means by which flax fibre is transformed into linen yarns and fabrics. The principal innovations and developments of the past fifty years are identified. An extensive range of relevant literature is reviewed. Details are given of how the fibre is extracted from the stem of the flax plant and of the stages of yarn and fabric production. An explanation is given of how yarns are produced from short fibres (known as tow) using carding, drafting and dry spinning, and from long fibres (known as line) using hackling, drafting, doubling, roving and wet spinning in warm water. Further areas covered include yarn winding, linen weaving, dyeing and finishing. New applications for flax fibre, beyond traditional uses in apparel or furnishing fabrics, are also identified.     

STANDARD SIZING AND FIT TESTING APPLIED TO WOMEN'S HOSIERY

The monograph deals with a critical review of the recent research work and development on ramie, a long vegetable bast fibre. The review is divided into two parts. Part I discusses the progress of recent work on ramie, chemical components like fibre degumming, its effects on fibre composition, chemical constituents, i.e. hemicellulose, cellulose, non-cellulosic and mineral matters. Besides various chemical properties of native and modified fibres such as accessibility, infrared, cellulose I–V, DP, grafting, cross linking and resin finishing and dyeing etc. are dealt with.     

Biological activities of oligoketide pigments of Monascus purpureus

Rubropunctatin (1) , monascorubrin (2) , monascin (3) and ankaflavin (4) were purified from the mycelium of Monascus purpureus by flash chromatography on silica gel or reversed phase. Their embryotoxicity towards chicken embryos decreased in the order 2> 1> 3> 4 . The lower homologues 1 and 3 exhibited teratogenic effects on these organisms. Significant antibiotic activities against Bacillus subtilis and Candida pseudotropicalis were found with compounds 1 and 2 . Immunosuppressive activity on mouse T-splenocytes was most pronounced with compounds 3 and 4 . None of the compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity towards rat hepatocytes in vitro . Incubation of resting cells of M. purpureus with glycine afforded the dark-red compounds 5 and 6 where the pyran moiety of 1 and 2 changed into the N-substituted dihydropyridine moiety by replacement of the O-atom by the amino group of glycine. Compounds 5 and 6 were less biologically active than the major pigments 1 - 4 .     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Die e-ventus Technologie – eine Innovation zur nachhaltigen Reduktion von Pflanzenschutzmitteln mit Empfehlung für Bio-Saatgut

Zusammenfassung:  Der intensive Pflanzenbau erfordert wirksame Pflanzenschutzma?nahmen. Eine der wirksamsten Ma?nahmen ist die Behandlung des Saatgutes gegen Pathogene. Sie erfolgt bisher fast ausschlie?lich durch chemische Beizmittel (Pestizide), die Anwender und Umwelt gef?hrden k?nnen. Neue Gesetze und Richtlinien in Deutschland und der Europ?ischen Union fordern die nachhaltige Einschr?nkung der Anwendung chemischer Pflanzenschutzmittel und den Ersatz durch neue, alternative Verfahren und Methoden. Als bereits praxisreifes Verfahren wird die e-ventus Technologie beschrieben. Neue Ergebnisse aus der Forschung, langj?hrige Feldversuche und Produktionserfahrungen best?tigen die Eignung dieser Technologie für den breiten Einsatz in der Landwirtschaft. Neben dem konventionellen Landbau wird die Eignung und Zulassung auch für den Bio-Landbau aufgezeigt. Eingegangen: 15. Januar 2009; angenommen: 10. Februar 2009