天然沸石负载二氧化钛光催化剂的制备与性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源，天然沸石为载体，用溶胶．凝胶法制备了天然沸石负载TiO2光催化剂，用紫外可见吸收光谱、比表面积、红外光谱和X射线衍射等分析技术对沸石负载TiO2光催化剂进行了表征，以甲基橙为目标降解染料，考察了TiO2负载量、催化剂用量、热处理温度等不同条件下催化剂的光催化活性，结果表明，用天然沸石为载体所制得的TiO2光催化剂对于甲基橙具有较好的光催化降解效果。     

掺铁二氧化钛薄膜的自组装制备、表征与光催化性能研究

采用自组装方法于低温液相反应体系中成功制备出大尺寸二维纳米二氧化钛薄膜和掺铁二氧化钛薄膜。样品通过荧光发射光谱、拉曼光谱、高分辨透射电镜等方法进行表征,并研究了紫外光和可见光下Fe3+/TiO2纳米薄膜对甲基橙溶液(MO)的光催化降解过程,探讨了Fe3+对TiO2的光催化活性的影响。结果表明,此方法不需要高温煅烧即可得到高催化活性的金红石和锐钛矿混合型二氧化钛薄膜,以金红石为主。Fe3+掺杂明显提高了TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效率:掺杂Fe3+浓度为0.5 mmol/L时光催化效果最优,且更利于较低浓度甲基橙溶液的降解,在紫外光和可见光下对初始浓度5 mg/L甲基橙溶液的降解率分别达到98.62%和89.24%。     

蒙脱石基纳米FeOOH/TiO2复合材料的制备与光催化活性研究

以蒙脱石为基底,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛/蒙脱石(TiO2/Mmt)复合光催化材料,通过Fe(NO3)3-HNO3体系水解生长纳米FeOOH,从而制备出负载型羟基氧化铁/二氧化钛/蒙脱石(FeOOH/TiO3/Mmt)复合光催化材料以改善材料在可见光下的光催化性能.高分辨透射电镜的表征结果显示,FeOOH/TiO2复合薄膜厚度约为10～40 nm,TiO2为晶粒粒径约为5～10nm的锐钛矿,FeOOH为长10～30 nm,宽约4 nm的针铁矿.以甲基橙为目标物,对FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt复合材料的光催化性能进行初探,在甲基橙初始浓度为5 mg/L,催化剂用量为1.875 g/L,H2O2初始浓度为2 mmol/L,pH值为6.5,350 W氙灯照射1 h,甲基橙脱色率达到99%,明显优于相同条件下TiO2/Mint对甲基橙的45%脱色率;同时甲基橙残液的红外光谱图显示FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt/H2O2/UV体系比FeOOH/TiO2/Mint/H2O2/Visible light体系具备更好的光催化氧化苯环的能力,降解更为彻底.     

天然沸石对提高TiO2光催化活性的作用

以天然沸石为载体,研究了其负载TiO2后对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效果,探讨了TiO2与沸石的结合类型。通过对负载前后反应动力学模式变化的研究,阐释TiO₂/沸石体系的光催化反应进程。从复合前后样品的AFM、IR、发射光谱变化上看,部分TiO₂与沸石载体形成了新的Ti－O－Si或Ti－O－Al的化学键。光催化实验结果和动力学分析显示,在反应的初始阶段,当TiO₂中引入多孔的沸石载体后,催化剂对甲基橙的降解过程由原来纯粹的吸附控制模式向反应控制模式转变,但还没有达到纯粹的反应控制的程度。沸石载体是通过提高吸附过程的速率,来提升初始阶段的光催化反应速率（R₀）的。     

微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2及其光催化性能研究

以微晶白云母为载体,钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成制备微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂,然后用X射线衍射,扫描电镜等对微晶白云母负载TiO2光催化剂进行表征。再以微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝进行了光催化降解研究,特别针对有无紫外光照射条件下微晶白云母、纳米TiO2、微晶白云母/纳米TiO2等在亚甲基蓝溶液中的行为进行研究,结果表明:所制备的微晶白云母负载TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝具有较好的光催化降解能力,1250目微晶白云母负载TiO2在紫外光照射下光催化反应4h,其降解率可达99%以上。     

Zn2+改性丝光沸石对甲基橙的吸附性能研究

采用盐熔融法,将Zn2+交换丝光沸石分子筛制备Zn2+改性丝光沸石吸附材料。通过该材料对甲基橙的吸附动力学和吸附热力学研究,了解其吸附机理。研究结果表明:Zn2+改性丝光沸石对甲基橙的吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学方程来描述,计算值与试验值吻合较好,相关系数达到0.99;Zn2+改性丝光沸石对甲基橙的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,室温下相关系数均大于0.9。根据不同温度下的热力学平衡常数,推算出Zn2+改性丝光沸石对甲基橙的吸附吉布斯自由能变ΔG0<0,吸附焓变ΔH0>0,表明吸附为自发的吸附过程,升温有利于吸附的进行,且吸附过程主要是物理吸附。     

非离子表面活性剂修饰纳米钛柱撑粘土材料的合成与应用

本文采用非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)对粘土进行改性修饰,并以钛酸丁酯和盐酸分别为前驱物和酸催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PVA修饰疏水型纳米钛柱撑粘土材料,对其进行了比表面积(BET)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征。实验结果表明,TiO2成功地插入了粘土层间,并以锐钛矿型的晶型存在,制备的柱撑粘土复合材料仍有较好的层状结构,其比表面积较原土有明显的增加,经过PVA修饰后柱撑粘土表面的疏水性得到了提高。以甲基橙的吸附和降解为模型反应,考察了柱撑粘土的吸附性能和光催化活性,实验结果发现PVA修饰疏水型纳米钛柱撑粘土材料对甲基橙表现出了良好的吸附能力和较好的光催化活性。     

微波处理TiO2柱撑蒙脱石的光催化性能

采用微波处理方法合成了TiO2结晶体柱撑蒙脱石光催化材料,采用XRD、BET吸附和降解甲基橙实验分析了柱撑蒙脱石的结构、锐钛矿金红石晶相比例、比表面积和光催化性能。结果证实,微波功率与辐照时间等条件将影响材料的结构与性能;与传统加热方式比较,微波处理可获得锐钛矿相含量高的混晶TiO2;该TiO2柱撑蒙脱石具备优异的光催化性能。     

沸石承载制备光催化材料的研究

采用具有架状结构的天然沸石为基体,负载ZnO制得性能优异的光催化材料.在普通日光照射下,该催化剂对甲基橙具有良好的光降解效果.采用XRD、IR、SEM等手段对样品的晶相及形貌进行分析,结果表明,ZnO在水相体系中可直接在矿物表面生长,且沸石的结构对甲基橙的光解脱色起到了重要作用.     

TiO2/蛭石复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

以天然层状蛭石为载体,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/蛭石复合光催化材料,利用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA、FTIR和BET等分析技术对催化剂进行了表征,通过对甲基橙溶液的降解实验检测了其光催化活性。探讨了催化剂用量、甲基橙初始浓度、pH值、煅烧温度等对光催化效率的影响规律。结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2/蛭石经过200℃焙烧后,具有较好的光催化效率,利用300 W的高压汞灯紫外光辐照90 min,甲基橙溶液的脱色率达99%,COD去除率达81%。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)