自我概念在应激性生活事件与抑郁、焦虑之间的调节效应分析

目的检验自我概念在青少年应激性生活事件与抑郁、焦虑情绪之间的调节效应。方法应用青少年生活事件量表、Wallace自我概念量表、Beck抑郁自评量表和Beck焦虑量表等对732名大学生进行测查,运用分层回归分析来检验调节效应。结果应激性生活事件、自我概念、抑郁和焦虑之间均两两显著相关。交互作用项"应激×自我概念"的回归系数在以抑郁和焦虑为因变量的回归方程中均达显著水平(β=-0.111,t=-3.377,P=0.001;β=-0.086,t=-2.489,P=0.013)。结论自我概念在应激和抑郁、焦虑情绪之间起调节效应,应激对自我概念差者的抑郁、焦虑情绪影响更大。     

青少年亲社会行为对生活事件与抑郁情绪关系调节的研究

目的 探讨青少年亲社会行为对生活事件与抑郁情绪的调节作用,为青少年抑郁情绪的干预提供参考.方法 于2018年9月至2019年3月按照上海市某区该学年初高中生的比例和学校类型采用分层整群抽样法选取6所初中和3所高中的5491名青少年学生进行横断面问卷调查,采用自编一般情况问卷、Kutcher青少年抑郁量表(11项)、青少...     

大学生抑郁发作的生活应激因素及效应预测模型

目的探讨大学生抑郁发作的生活应激影响因素及影响效应预测模型。方法采用“学生生活应激量表”（SLSI）和“抑郁发作诊断标准”（DEP）调查大学生13 154例,对样本做Logistic回归分析。结果大学生生活应激原（β=0.089）如挫折刺激（β=0.196）、环境压力（β=0.142）和变化事件（β=0.224）是影响抑郁发作的原发性社会因素（P〈0.05）;生活应激反应（β.052）如生理反应（β.032）、情绪反应（β=0.240）和行为反应（β=0.121）是影响抑郁发作的继发性心身因素（P〈0.05）。结论大学生所承受的生活应激原及引发的应激反应是其抑郁发作的主要生活预测因素,本模型对大学生抑郁发作的检测筛查和预测干预具有应用价值。     

迁移因素与上海外来初中生自尊、抑郁的关系

目的探讨迁移相关因素对上海外来学生自尊、抑郁水平的影响。方法采取整群方便抽样方法抽取上海浦东一所中学初中部612名在校学生作为研究对象,使用自编的一般人口学问卷、迁移因素调查问卷、自尊量表、流调用抑郁自评量表进行问卷调查。结果 （1）25.8%外来学生来沪时间不足3年,3.7%经常感受到歧视,55.0%对上海和老家都表示喜欢,40.5%对未来感到不确定。（2）自豪感、对转学政策的态度与抑郁水平呈负相关（P〈0.01）,转学政策对学习的影响、歧视感受、融入态度与抑郁水平呈正相关（P〈0.01）;自豪感、本地话掌握程度与自尊水平呈正相关（P〈0.01）,融入态度、歧视感受与自尊水平呈负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。（3）歧视感受、对上海话有自豪感、上海话重要程度、上海话掌握程度进入自尊的回归方程（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;歧视感受、对上海有自豪感、政策影响学习进入抑郁的回归方程（P〈0.01）。结论迁移因素与外来学生自尊、抑郁水平密切相关,歧视感受、对上海的自豪感是预测其自尊、抑郁水平的重要因素。     

大学生认知情绪调节与抑郁、焦虑的相关性研究

目的 研究大学生认知情绪调节与抑郁、焦虑的关系,为大学生心理健康教育提供支持证据.方法 应用认知情绪调节问卷、Beck抑郁自评量表、Beck焦虑量表对504名大一新生进行测评,运用Pearson相关分析,多元线性回归分析,分析大学生认知情绪调节与抑郁、焦虑的相关性.结果 61.9%的学生有抑郁症状,6.9%的学生有焦...     

抑郁障碍患者的情绪偏好和情绪调节动机特征

抑郁症患者的情绪调节策略和情绪存在异常,而情绪偏好和情绪调节动机会影响个体对情绪调节策略的选择,从而影响情绪。本综述介绍了抑郁症患者的情绪偏好特征和其对情绪调节策略的影响,从不同的理论角度出发解释情绪调节动机在其中的作用,后续研究可以在探究相关机制的基础上,尝试和具体的心理治疗技术相结合来探究其干预效果。     

未治疗抑郁障碍患者自杀风险与认知情绪调节策略的关系

目的探讨具有自杀风险的抑郁障碍患者在认知情绪调节策略方面的特征及其影响因素,以早期识别具有自杀风险的患者,有针对性地给予干预。方法选取117例来自北京回龙观医院门诊、经简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)5. 0中文版筛查符合抑郁障碍诊断标准的未治疗抑郁障碍患者,根据MINI 5. 0中文版自杀模块的访谈结果,将患者分为自杀风险组(n=52)和无自杀风险组(n=65)。采用认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ-C)进行认知调节策略的测评,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)评定抑郁症状的严重程度。结果抑郁障碍患者自杀风险发生率为44. 4%(52/117)。与无自杀风险组相比,自杀风险组患者更多见于女性、未婚、平均年龄更小、发病年龄更早、HAMD-17总评分更高、伴精神病性症状率较高,自杀风险组自我责难、接受、沉思、灾难化4个认知调节策略维度及消极认知情绪调节评分均高于无自杀风险组(P均<0. 05)。Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=3. 539,95%CI:1. 383~9. 057)、发病年龄(OR=0. 931,95%CI:0. 895~0. 968)、HAMD-17总评分(OR=1. 207,95%CI:1. 063~1. 370)和灾难化(OR=1. 143,95%CI:1. 002~1. 305)与抑郁障碍患者自杀风险相关(P均<0. 05)。结论女性、发病年龄早、抑郁症状严重和灾难化可能为未治疗抑郁障碍患者自杀风险的危险因素。     

应激与癫痫和抑郁相关性研究进展

癫痫和抑郁都是神经科常见病。两者在许多患者中共同存在绝非偶然。抑郁症患者比正常人有更高的癫痫患病率,癫痫患者抑郁症状的产生也不能仅仅归咎于单纯的社会心理因素。抑郁症和癫痫之间可能存在某种生物学联系,这种联系构成两者共病的基础。其中应激引起的海马萎缩、神经可塑性改变及神经再生受抑制是其重要原因。加强这方面的研究,将有利于揭示两者的发病机制、改善治疗效果、提高患者生活质量。     

父母教养方式与女性门诊患者抑郁症状:情绪调节策略的中介效应

目的 调查抑郁症状在门诊女性患者的检出率,探讨父母教养方式及情绪调节策略对抑郁水平的影响,分析情绪调节策略在父母教养方式对抑郁症状的中介作用。方法 选取2021年1月25日～12月17日在荆州市精神卫生中心门诊的患者,就诊前采用一般人口学问卷、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、父母教养方式量表（PBI）、情绪调节策略量表（ERQ）问卷调查。结果 (1)抑郁症状在门诊女性就诊患者中检出率为65.27%;(2)女性SDS量表标准分与认知重评评分成负相关（P<0.01）,与表达抑制呈正相关（P<0.01）,与母亲关爱、父亲关爱、母亲鼓励、父亲鼓励教育方式成负相关（P均<0.01）,与母亲控制和父亲控制教育方式成正相关（P均<0.05）;(3)情绪调节策略在教养方式与抑郁水平之间的关系中起到部分中介作用。结论 良好的父母教养方式可以减少抑郁症状的发生,而个体选择积极的情绪调节策略也可通过中介效应避免不良教养方式的影响。     

中学生焦虑、抑郁、自尊水平与学习成绩的相关性研究

目的 研究不同性别、城乡中学生焦虑、抑郁、自尊水平、学习成绩之间的差异及四者的相关性。方法 采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS），Rosenberg编制的自尊量表对452名中学生进行测查，利用统计软件，比较不同性别、城乡中学生三个量表测值及学习成绩的差异，并分析这4个方面的相关性。结果（1）城乡中学生学习成绩存在着极显著差异；（2）高自尊组与低自尊组学生的焦虑、抑郁测值、学习成绩存在着极显著差异；焦虑组与对照组学生的自尊、抑郁测值、学习成绩存在着极显著差异；抑郁组与对照组学生的焦虑、自尊测值、学习成绩存在着极显著差异；（3）焦虑、抑郁、自尊水平、学习成绩之间存在着显著的相关。结论（1）城市学生学习成绩优于乡村学生；（2）中学生学习成绩受焦虑、抑郁、自尊水平的影响；（3）焦虑、抑郁、自尊测值有显著的相关性，情绪的调节可提高自尊水平，自尊水平的提高，有利于良好情绪的培养及学习成绩的提高。     

Moderating effect of intrinsic religiosity on the relationship between depression and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults

Objectives: Research has found that depression in later life is associated with cognitive impairment. Thus, the mechanism to reduce the effect of depression on cognitive function is warranted. In this paper, we intend to examine whether intrinsic religiosity mediates the association between depression and cognitive function.

Method: The study included 2322 nationally representative community-dwelling elderly in Malaysia, randomly selected through a multi-stage proportional cluster random sampling from Peninsular Malaysia. The elderly were surveyed on socio-demographic information, cognitive function, depression and intrinsic religiosity. A four-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis was employed to test the moderating effect. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 15.0).

Results: Bivariate analyses showed that both depression and intrinsic religiosity had significant relationships with cognitive function. In addition, four-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the intrinsic religiosity moderated the association between depression and cognitive function, after controlling for selected socio-demographic characteristics.

Conclusion: Intrinsic religiosity might reduce the negative effect of depression on cognitive function. Professionals who are working with depressed older adults should seek ways to improve their intrinsic religiosity as one of the strategies to prevent cognitive impairment.     

Investigating adolescent stress and body image

Adolescent stress is clearly implicated in the development of mental health problems. However, its role in dysfunctional body image, which rises markedly in adolescence, has not been investigated. The present study examined the link between stress and body image, as well as self-esteem and depressive symptoms, in 533 high school students in grades 7 to 10. Results indicated that stress accounts for a sizeable proportion of variance in body image, and the best exploratory model included stress, self-esteem, and gender. Further, specific domains of stressors related to body image differently: peer pressure and school attendance were significant correlates of body image in both genders, while future uncertainty and romantic relationships were significant for males alone. Grade differences in primary variables were also evident for females. This study helps to elucidate the role of adolescent stress in dysfunctional body image and provides insight for future prevention and intervention programs in schools.     

Associations of self-esteem,dysfunctional beliefs and coping style with depression in patients with schizophrenia: A preliminary survey

Psychological models of depression in schizophrenia have proposed that cognitive structures (e.g., self-esteem, dysfunctional beliefs) may have a role in the development and maintenance of depression. However, it has not been clear what the characteristics of these cognitive structures were in people with schizophrenia and whether they have an independent association with depression, especially in those from a Chinese cultural background. The present investigation examined 133 people with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls and indicated that compared to the controls people with schizophrenia showed lower self-esteem, higher levels of dysfunctional beliefs and negative coping styles. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only low frustration tolerance, problem solving and self-blame were found to be the independent correlates of depression in schizophrenia. Results are discussed with the view of clinical implications of cognitive formulation and therapy for schizophrenia in China.     

Stress and depression scales in aphasia: relation between the aphasia depression rating scale,stroke aphasia depression questionnaire-10, and the perceived stress scale

Background: Assessment and diagnosis of post-stroke depression (PSD) among patients with aphasia presents unique challenges. A gold standard assessment of PSD among this population has yet to be identified.

Objectives: The first aim was to investigate the association between two depression scales developed for assessing depressive symptoms among patients with aphasia. The second aim was to evaluate the relation between these scales and a measure of perceived stress.

Method: Twenty-five (16 male; 9 female) individuals with history of left hemisphere cerebrovascular accident (CVA) were assessed for depression and perceived stress using the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire-10 (SADQ-10), the Aphasia Depression Rating Scale (ADRS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Results: SADQ-10 and ADRS ratings were strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.708, p < 0.001). SADQ-10 ratings were strongly correlated with PSS ratings (r = 0.620, p = 0.003), while ADRS ratings were moderately correlated (r = 0.492, p = 0.027). Item analysis of each scale identified items which increased both inter-scale correlation and intra-scale consistency when excluded.

Conclusions: The SADQ-10 and ADRS appear to be acceptable measures of depressive symptoms in aphasia patients. Measurements of perceived stress may also be an important factor in assessment of depressive symptoms.     

Implicit and explicit self-esteem and their reciprocal relationship with symptoms of depression and social anxiety: A longitudinal study in adolescents

Background and Objectives

A negative self-view is a prominent factor in most cognitive vulnerability models of depression and anxiety. Recently, there has been increased attention to differentiate between the implicit (automatic) and the explicit (reflective) processing of self-related evaluations. This longitudinal study aimed to test the association between implicit and explicit self-esteem and symptoms of adolescent depression and social anxiety disorder. Two complementary models were tested: the vulnerability model and the scarring effect model.

Method

Participants were 1641 first and second year pupils of secondary schools in the Netherlands. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, self-esteem Implicit Association Test and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale were completed to measure explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), respectively, at baseline and two-year follow-up.

Results

Explicit self-esteem at baseline was associated with symptoms of MDD and SAD at follow-up. Symptomatology at baseline was not associated with explicit self-esteem at follow-up. Implicit self-esteem was not associated with symptoms of MDD or SAD in either direction.

Limitations

We relied on self-report measures of MDD and SAD symptomatology. Also, findings are based on a non-clinical sample.

Conclusions

Our findings support the vulnerability model, and not the scarring effect model. The implications of these findings suggest support of an explicit self-esteem intervention to prevent increases in MDD and SAD symptomatology in non-clinical adolescents.     

女性抑郁症心理应激和防御方式特征研究

目的研究女性抑郁症心理应激和防御特征。方法人组87例女性抑郁症患者，进行一般资料调查、生活事件量表（LES）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-24）、和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定。结果74例（87．12％）患者报告过去一年中发生过明确的生活事件。女性抑郁患者较多采用幻想、退缩等防御方式，防御方式和临床抑郁症状的严重程度之间存在关联（P〈0．05）。结论不良防御方式是女性对抑郁症的易感因素之一。     

Self-esteem is associated with perceived stress in multiple sclerosis patients

Abstract

Previous studies have showed that perceived stress (PS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) constitutes an important factor for disease onset, relapse, symptomatology and psychological adjustment.

Objectives:

The aim of this pilot cross-sectional study was to examine the role of self-esteem in PS, after controlling for sociodemographical characteristics, depression and personality in MS patients.

Methods:

Sixty-six relapsing-remitting MS patients (66.67% females, mean age of 40?±?11.1 years old, mean duration of disease 133.6?±?128.8 months) were studied. Perceived stress, self-esteem, depression and personality type were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Hierarchical multivariate regression modelling was used.

Results:

Higher education and depression and lower self-esteem were independently and significantly associated with increased PS, accounting for 40.5% of its variance. Univariate analyses revealed that low extroversion and openness and higher neurotism were associated with higher PS, although no significant after adjusting for other factors.

Discussion:

Although our findings need further confirmation, psychological interventions targetting self-esteem are strongly encouraged.     

Moderating effect of communication difficulty on the relationship between depression and pain: a study on community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between depression and pain, and the moderating effect of communication difficulty on this relationship, among community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong.

Method: We used logistic regression to analyze secondary data regarding 12,402 Chinese older adults applying for long-term care service in Hong Kong in 2012.

Results: Approximately 30% of participants were depressed and 37% experienced communication difficulty. Depression was associated with increased pain. Communication difficulty was found to moderate the relationship between depression and pain. Pain scores increased more when individuals who experienced communication difficulty reported being depressed, compared to those who did not experience communication difficulty.

Conclusion: The moderating effect of communication difficulty may be explained by the interaction between depression and communication difficulty. Participants who were depressed and concurrently experienced communication difficulty may be more likely to catastrophize their pain and may tend to report or experience more pain. Health care professionals need to be aware of the different effects of communication difficulty on the pain experiences of older adults. Psychosocial intervention may be provided to minimize older adults’ communication barriers to pain management.     

#Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality,anxiety, depression and low self-esteem

This study examined how social media use related to sleep quality, self-esteem, anxiety and depression in 467 Scottish adolescents. We measured overall social media use, nighttime-specific social media use, emotional investment in social media, sleep quality, self-esteem and levels of anxiety and depression. Adolescents who used social media more – both overall and at night – and those who were more emotionally invested in social media experienced poorer sleep quality, lower self-esteem and higher levels of anxiety and depression. Nighttime-specific social media use predicted poorer sleep quality after controlling for anxiety, depression and self-esteem. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that social media use is related to various aspects of wellbeing in adolescents. In addition, our results indicate that nighttime-specific social media use and emotional investment in social media are two important factors that merit further investigation in relation to adolescent sleep and wellbeing.