纳米TiO2的分散性及其改性内墙乳胶漆降解甲醛性能研究

实验研究了不同分散剂对纳米TiO2在水溶液中分散的影响，采用沉降实验测定纳米TiO2粉体的分散性，结果表明分散剂海川5040和分散剂六偏磷酸钠对纳米TiO2的分散效果比较好。将纳米TiO2粉体的添加量、粒径、晶型等对改性乳胶漆甲醛降解率的影响做系统的研究，结果表明纳米TiO2粉体的添加量在2％时光催化效果比较好。随着粒径的减小，纳米TiO2改性乳胶漆对甲醛的光催化降解能力有了明显的提高。通过对纳米TiO2改性乳胶漆光催化降解甲醛能力的重复性检测，表明纳米TiO2改性乳胶漆的光催化能力具有一定的持久性。     

甲壳素/PHB非织造布在包装设计中的应用

通过对现代包装设计材料,以及新型材料甲壳素/PHB非织造布的性状分析,提出材料是组成包装的最基本要素,可降解、可循环的绿色环保材料是现代包装设计的主题,而新型材料甲壳素/PHB非织造布正是一种绿色环保的包装材料,从而为包装的材料设计提供相应的创作空间.     

柔性非织造布和玻璃纤维布叠层热压制备玻璃纤维布/聚苯硫醚复合板材

为改善玻璃纤维增强聚苯硫醚（PPS）复合板材的力学性能,分别以柔性的玻璃纤维布和PPS非织造布作为增强体和基体,采用叠层热压成型法制备出刚性的复合板材,采用力学性能测试、XRD、PLM、SEM研究了热压温度、热压时间、玻璃纤维含量和处理玻璃纤维布的硅烷偶联剂种类对复合板材的力学性能、结晶度、结晶形态和微观形貌的影响。结果表明,在无硅烷偶联剂处理玻璃纤维布时,控制热压温度为320℃,热压时间为30 min,压力为30 MPa,玻璃纤维质量分数为50%,复合板材的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最佳,分别为286.0 MPa和175.0 MPa,缺口冲击强度达到61.6 MPa。使用硅烷偶联剂KH560处理玻璃纤维布,在最佳成型工艺条件下,复合板材力学性能改善最明显,其弯曲强度为394.9 MPa,弯曲模量为23.6 GPa,层间剪切强度为16.4 MPa,缺口冲击强度为81.0 MPa。通过优化实验条件和使用硅烷偶联剂处理玻璃纤维表面,复合板材的力学性能得到了明显提高。     

N掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其可见光降解甲醛

采用水解沉淀法制备了纯的和N掺杂的TiO2纳米光催化剂,并用二次离子质谱、X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、比表面积、透射电镜等技术进行了表征。以GaN基兰色发光二极管为光源,研究了催化剂光催化降解甲醛的活性。实验表明,在最佳反应条件下,N掺杂的TiO2纳米光催化剂在可见光下对甲醛有良好的光催化活性。     

杂CeO2的TiO2光催化降解甲醛的研究

采用液相合成法制备CeO2改性TiO2光催化粉体,利用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、X射线光电子能谱等对粉体的晶相组成、光谱吸收性能等进行了表征,结果表明:改性后的TiO2经800℃热处理后仍呈锐钛矿结构;CeO2/TiO2吸收光谱的阈值波长红移至450nm;改性后TiO2表面的化学吸附氧含量增加.光催化降解甲醛的结果表明,粉体在普通日光灯下对甲醛气体的降解率明显优于P25.     

火焰CVD法制备含碳纳米TiO2及光催化降解甲醛气体研究

讨论了O2/C3H8摩尔比在2-9范围内时,火焰温度对TiO2晶型的影响,O2/C3H8摩尔比和火焰中TiO2颗粒浓度对含碳纳米TiO2碳含量的影响。用管式光催化反应器,以液相沉积法将TiO2薄膜涂敷到反应器石英玻璃管内壁,实验测量了光催化降解甲醛气体的降解率。用4阶龙格-库塔法求解传质方程,得到了一级速率常数。经讨论得出：当含碳量约为5％时,降解率达最大值,是无碳或碳含量大于10％的TiO2的2．5倍。     

Ce-TiO2光催化涂料对室内甲醛气体的降解效果及预测模型的准确度

为了有效降解室内甲醛气体,自制了Ce-TiO2光催化涂料。分析了Ce-TiO2光催化涂料在可见光源下对甲醛气体的降解效果。根据甲醛气体浓度的实测值,采用3次指数平滑法模型建立了Ce-TiO2光催化涂料降解甲醛气体的模型,并对其催化效果进行了预测。结果表明:Ce-TiO2光催化涂料可以提高对可见光源的响应,对甲醛气体的降解效果为82.9%;模型的预测准确性高,平均绝对误差为-0.000 75 mg/m3,平均相对误差为-0.006 80。     

高钛渣基矿渣棉对甲醛的光催化降解性能研究

选用由含钛高炉渣吹制而成的高钛渣基矿渣棉,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、荧光分析和拉曼光谱对高钛渣基矿渣棉进行表征分析.并以甲醛溶液为反应物进行光催化降解实验,探究高钛渣基矿渣棉对甲醛的光催化降解能力.结果表明,高钛渣基矿渣棉纤维的物相中含有钙钛矿;纤维平均直径为0.93...     

热处理对玻璃纤维布/聚苯硫醚非织造布复合板材力学性能的影响

以玻璃纤维布和聚苯硫醚（PPS）非织造布分别作为增强体和树脂基体原料,采用热压成型法制备出玻璃纤维布/PPS非织造布复合板材,然后在烘箱中进行热处理。利用万能试验机（Instron）、XRD、偏光显微镜（PLM）和SEM等手段对玻璃纤维布/PPS非织造布复合板材的力学性能、结晶度、晶粒类型和尺寸及微观形貌等进行了测试和表征。结果表明：随着热处理温度和时间的提高,玻璃纤维布/PPS非织造布复合板材的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度得到明显提高。当热处理温度为220℃、热处理时间为2 h时,其力学性能最佳,其弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别达到285.7 MPa、7.8 GPa和85.0 MPa。和未进行热处理的玻璃纤维布/PPS非织造布复合板材相比,分别提高了63.2%、469.0%和37.8%。微观形貌结果表明,玻璃纤维布/PPS非织造布复合板材界面粘结得到了明显改善。     

活性炭负载二氧化锰及其甲醛降解性能的研究

甲醛污染已经成为室内主要污染物之一,去除室内甲醛势在必行。本文结合活性炭的吸附作用与二氧化锰的催化作用降解室内甲醛,结果表明负载于活性炭表面的纳米二氧化锰尺寸更小,没有团聚现象,复合物对甲醛去除的效果较好。     

Aerosol Spray Drying Guided Synthesis of Ultrasmall Alloyed Bimetallic Nanoparticles Supported on Silica for Catalytic Semihydrogenation

Supported bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with ultrasmall sizes and homogeneous alloying are attractive for catalysis. However, facile synthesis of this type of material remains very challenging. Here, the aerosol drying impregnation method for rapid, scalable, and general synthesis of silica-supported bimetallic NPs is proposed. The method relies on aerosol spray drying to promote the mixing and dispersing of binary metal precursors on SiO₂. It is capable of controlling the composition and size of bimetallic NPs and avoids the use of expensive metal complex salts and complicated experiment procedures. Twelve permutations combining a noble metal (Pd, Ru, and Pt) and a base one (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) with ultrasmall sizes (1.4–2.2 nm in average size), uniform dispersion, and good alloying are synthesized. Interesting activity and selectivity trends in catalytic semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene over the supported Pd-based NPs can be observed. The silica-supported PdNi NPs deliver both high activity and styrene selectivity. Spectroscopic and density functional theory calculation results reveal the improved chemoselectivity originated from the suitably down-shifted d-band center of the PdNi NPs inducing an increased energy barrier for overhydrogenation and a weakened styrene adsorption.     

负载型TiO2光催化薄膜结构控制及光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢丝网上负载TiO₂薄膜,通过SEM、XRD和TG-DTA对其进行表征.研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)分子量及添加量、水加入量、涂膜次数和煅烧温度等工艺条件对样品光催化降解甲醛性能的影响.结果表明,通过工艺条件控制可得具有较高光催化活性的负载型TiO₂光催化薄膜.在钛酸丁酯乙醇溶液中添加适量PEG600和水,经反应制备的TiO₂溶胶,涂膜于不锈钢丝网表面,450℃煅烧后获得具有中孔结构的TiO2混晶薄膜,该薄膜对甲醛光催化降解率达90%以上.     

负载型TiO2光催化薄膜结构控制及光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢丝网上负载TiO2薄膜,通过SEM、XRD和TG-DTA对其进行表征.研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)分子量及添加量、水加入量、涂膜次数和煅烧温度等工艺条件对样品光催化降解甲醛性能的影响.结果表明,通过工艺条件控制可得具有较高光催化活性的负载型TiO2光催化薄膜.在钛酸丁酯乙醇溶液中添加适量PEG600和水,经反应制备的TiO2溶胶,涂膜于不锈钢丝网表面,450℃煅烧后获得具有中孔结构的TiO2混晶薄膜,该薄膜对甲醛光催化降解率达90%以上.     

Comparison of Structure and Properties among Various PAN Fibers for Carbon Fibers

To find out the high-quality polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, some differences are sought by comparing domestic PAN fibers with the foreign ones. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, elemental analyzer, tensile-testing machine and high-temperature differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to characterize the individual microstructure, chemical structure, elemental content, mechanical properties and thermal properties. It is found that high-quality PAN fibers have high density, lower titre, higher or adequate tensile strength, and they also have better conglomeration structure, smaller crystal dimension with dispersive distribution, less microvoids and flaws.     

Ultrasmall Oxygen‐Deficient Bimetallic Oxide MnWOX Nanoparticles for Depletion of Endogenous GSH and Enhanced Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) triggered by ultrasound (US) has attracted increasing attention owing to its abilities to overcome critical limitations including low tissue‐penetration depth and phototoxicity in photodynamic therapy. Herein, the design of a new type of sonosensitizer is revealed, namely, ultrasmall oxygen‐deficient bimetallic oxide MnWO_X nanoparticles, for multimodal imaging‐guided enhanced SDT against cancer. As‐made MnWO_X nanoparticles with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification show high physiological stability and biocompatibility. Interestingly, such MnWO_X‐PEG nanoparticles exhibit highly efficient US‐triggered production of ¹O₂ and ?OH, higher than that of previously reported sonosensitizers (e.g., protoporphyrin IX and titanium dioxide), because the oxygen‐deficient structure of MnWO_X serves as an electron trap site to prevent electron–hole recombination. The glutathione depletion capability of MnWO_X‐PEG can also further favor SDT‐triggered cancer cell killing. With efficient tumor homing as illustrated by computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, MnWO_X‐PEG enables effective destruction of mouse tumors under US stimulation. After accomplishing its therapeutic functions, MnWO_X‐PEG can be metabolized by the mouse body without any long‐term toxicity. Herein, a new type of sono‐sensitizing agent with high SDT efficacy, multimodal imaging functions, and rapid clearance is presented, an agent which is promising for noninvasive SDT cancer treatment.     

大孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯树脂负载钯催化剂的制备及对Heck反应的催化性能

以大孔高比表面聚苯乙烯树脂为载体合成了一种高分子负载型钯催化剂。利用XPS、XRD、TGA、DTG和氮气吸附仪等对其进行了表征。结果表明,钯在载体表面呈高度分散状态,所制备的负载型催化剂在室温至200℃范围内有很好的热稳定性。该负载型催化剂在空气氛围中只需较少的催化剂用量就能较好地催化丙烯酸与芳基碘的Heck反应,较高产率地生成取代的反式肉桂酸。该高分子催化剂使用多次后仍具有较好的催化活性。     

纳米ZnO/Zn/CNT多孔复合结构的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的无光催化降解

以碳纳米管(CNTs)为基础材料,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为造孔剂,构筑多孔结构,并将水解反应所得的氧化锌/锌复合纳米颗粒附着在孔隙结构中,制得氧化锌/锌/碳纳米管多孔复合结构,氧化锌纳米棒直径约30~60nm,长径比可达40。对复合结构的微观结构及成分表征显示,制备ZnO/Zn/CNT多孔复合结构的过程中,无杂质生成,氧化锌晶体结构也没有发生变化。多孔复合结构对模拟污染物的暗室催化降解研究结果显示,复合结构催化降解亚甲基蓝时起主要作用的是ZnO纳米棒,在多孔结构中受力变形产生电子空穴对,在无光条件下降解有机污染物,且孔径越大、水流冲击力越强,对亚甲基蓝的催化降解效果越好。