上保护层煤柱引发被保护层冲击机理研究

长城一矿和峻德煤矿所发生的由保护层煤柱引发冲击的案例表明,保护层煤柱影响范围内仍属高应力区,且工作面上方都存在坚硬的顶板。通过分析两起事故中被保护层煤体的赋存条件,探究发生此类冲击的影响因素。研究表明,典型的保护层煤柱诱发冲击主要有以下两种情况:(1)大采深小层间距下,以"高静应力为主,低动应力诱发"型冲击;(2)中等采深大层间距下,以"高动应力为主、低静应力诱发"型冲击。静力系由煤柱传递的应力和层间岩体的自重应力以及保护层采空区的残余支承压力组成,动力系主要是本煤层已开采工作面形成的侧向支承压力。建立了判断发生冲击地压的评估方法,为此类矿井的开采提供理论依据。并提出了工作面位置设计、合理布置巷道、预前卸压、加强监测的防治措施。     

采动条件下被保护层瓦斯卸压增透机理研究

保护层开采作为一种典型的煤与瓦斯安全开采形式在煤矿生产中具有重要的意义。通过由半无限开采积分模型求解得到的岩体内部位移场表达式并与相似模拟被保护层沉降曲线对比,研究发现理论模型可以较好地反映煤层实际变形。建立了“两带”裂隙分布模型及其简化力学模型,通过正交设计的全应力应变渗透试验发现,瓦斯渗透主要分为3个过程,发现瓦斯渗透急剧变化在体积应变达到0.015处,对比理论体积应变分布曲线,得出体积应变沿沉降范围总体上呈对称分布,在中心区域存在一个体积应变大于0.015的范围,可见其正处于渗透率急剧增加阶段,其卸压增透效果最好。研究结果为被保护层瓦斯卸压增透计算提供了参考。     

急倾斜煤层开采冲击危险性数值模拟研究

对北京昊华能源股份责任公司的长沟峪煤矿的急倾斜煤层进行三维数值模拟,利用ANSYS有限元软件单元"处死"的功能真实模拟4槽工作面的开挖过程,对沿巷道走向和沿煤层走向推采不同距离时的塑性应变云图和应力云图进行分析,得出数值模拟结果与现场实际开采情况基本吻合,说明ANSYS有限元数值模拟方法可为冲击地压的防治工作和煤矿的安全开采提供参考。     

特厚煤层智能化综放开采技术与装备瓶颈综述

由于特厚煤层综放开采过程中工作面容易变形问题,需要加强开采岩层的结构研究,以提高出采率,降低开采中的安全事故发生率,采用智能化开采可以解决这些问题.本文主要概述了特厚煤层的智能化综放开采工艺与技术装备实践,分析了放煤的智能化、巷道智能化快速掘进、工作面直线度智能控制3个方面的技术与装备瓶颈,展望了可能的发展方向.本文提...     

Upshot of strata movement during underground mining of a thick coal seam below hilly terrain

Underpinning-based simultaneous extraction was successfully used to extract more than 90% of thick and contiguous sections of a coal seam at Chirimiri mine, lying below a hill cap with a rapid change in depth of cover and is placed above the surrounding ground level. The last few panels of the mine encountered strata control problems during the depillaring. Underground instrumentation and observations showed that the last phase depillaring of the property near the free surface of the hill slope experienced shearing of overlying strata along two incompetent layers. Field investigations revealed that large amount of lateral movement due to the hilly nature of the overlying strata is the main source of the problem. A simple two-dimensional study on a simulated model also demonstrated the occurrence of the problem during working below an unconfined rock mass of hilly nature. Different evidences were collected from the site to identify the main horizons and the direction of lateral movement and, accordingly, two different strata management plans, one for each section, were successfully executed to overcome the encountered strata control problems. Field investigations in the rest of the panels of the site showed favourable impact of the adopted strata management plan.     

采动应力下深部煤体渗透率演化规律研究

为了研究深部开采工作面前方煤体的渗透属性,首先基于典型开采方式应力路径进行了不同瓦斯压力下的深部煤体渗透率测试,然后根据渗透率升降速率和单调性对渗透率的演化过程进行划分,归纳出常规三轴加载和采动应力下煤体渗透率演化过程概化模型,最后结合三向扰动应力下的深部煤体渗透率模型与二次多项式拟合关系建立了深部采动煤体全应力–应变渗透率理论模型。结果表明：典型开采方式采动应力路径下深部煤体的应力–应变曲线不存在压密阶段;峰值应力之前和之后测点的渗透率增加率上升幅度较小,而峰值点的渗透率增加率上升幅度较大;常规三轴加载的煤体渗透率曲线呈“V”字形,相应的概化模型包括下降段、峰前缓升段、急升段和峰后缓升段;采动应力下的深部煤体渗透率曲线呈倒“Z”字台阶形,相应的概化模型可划分为峰前缓升段、急升段和峰后缓升段;建立的渗透率理论模型能够表征不同开采方式下深部煤体全应力–应变过程的渗透率演化。     

煤层底板岩体阻水能力原位测试研究

介绍了煤层底板岩体阻水能力的测试原理、测试方法和测试过程 ,分析了测试成果的可靠性 ,并对杨庄煤矿六煤底板岩体的阻水能力进行了评价 ,为煤矿底板突水防治提供了一条新途径。     

谈山西省煤矿企业绿地规划设计

对山西省煤炭系统矿（厂）区生态造林绿化建设进行了初步的探讨,分别阐述了煤矿企业绿化的必要性、意义及建设中应把握好的原则,以期指导山西省煤矿企业改善工作环境,科学绿化,保护生态环境。     

煤层夹矸的探测分析与研究

结合工程实例，对煤层夹矸的探测进行了分析，指出低速煤层中的高速夹矸可产生一种能量强的地震响应与煤层反射波干涉而形成复合波，反映了煤层结构、岩性变化的信息，可予以定性解释。     

突出煤层快速钻探工艺研究与应用

以峰峰集团九龙矿15235掘进工作面工程为例,介绍了以气动架柱式钻机为核心的快速钻探工艺及其优势,并对工作面防突措施进行了分析总结,论述了做好超前排放钻孔的重要性,对保证施工安全具有重要意义。     

冲击煤层煤柱变形与地面建筑物保护关系研究

保护煤柱合理宽度(或停采位置)是确保地面重要设施长期稳定的关键。以山东某矿地面引水渠("南水北调"工程组成部分)下不规则下山保护煤柱宽度设计为工程背景,首先,通过分析煤柱变形可能引起地面建(构)筑物的破坏方式,提出了控制长期高应力作用下冲击煤层煤柱变形的原则:1走向方向煤柱不发生冲击失稳破坏;2走向方向煤柱不发生煤体长时强度降低而导致的失稳破坏;3倾斜方向煤柱保持均匀变形,从而使地面不发生明显拉伸破坏。其次,依据煤柱上方覆岩空间结构形式,建立了煤柱应力估算模型,提出了保持煤柱长期稳定及地面建筑安全的煤柱设计方法。最后,应用研究成果,分析了工程案例的煤柱应力、围岩稳定性和变形特征,并对该引水渠工程和井下开采设计进行了安全评估。该研究成果对类似开采条件下的保护煤柱宽度确定具有指导意义。     

神东矿区矿井水综合利用研究

阐述了神东矿区矿井水开发利用中存在的问题,分析了矿井水的水质特征,探讨了矿井水资源化的处理技术、综合利用途径以及进一步提高矿井水资源综合利用的措施,指出神东矿区矿井水的资源化和综合利用具有显著的经济、社会和环境效益,是缓解其水资源用水矛盾、建立资源节约型矿区的必然选择。     

煤层抗拉强度的波速测定研究

对煤块波速及其抗拉强度进行了系统地测试和分析,煤岩波速和抗拉强度具有明显的各向异性,两者之间有很好的相关关系,并建立了波速-强度关系式。在井下对煤层波速进行了测试,根据波速测强公式和完整性推算强度公式,确定了煤体的抗拉强度,为煤矿井下防隔水煤柱合理留设提供了重要参数,也为煤层强度的确定提供了一种新的方法。     

Experimental study on the deformation and failure mechanism of overburden rock during coal mining using a comprehensive intelligent sensing method

Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of overburden deformation during coal mining is still a challenge in engineering practice due to the limitation of monitoring techniques. Taking the Yangliu Coal Mine as an example, a similarity model test was designed and conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of overlying rocks in this study. Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS), highdensity electrical resistivity tomography(HD-ERT) and close-range photogrammetry(CRP) technolo...     

Underpinning-based simultaneous extraction of contiguous sections of a thick coal seam under weak and laminated parting

Around 12.5 m-thick Zero seam of Chirimiri colliery underneath Bartunga hill of M/s South Eastern Coalfield Limited (SECL) was found in two sections; 3.5 m top and 6.0 m bottom section, with a highly laminated 3.0-m-thick parting between the two sections. The laminated parting, comprised of alternate layers of shale, carbonaceous shale, coal and mudstone, was found to be incompetent for safe and clean underground working of both sections. Both top and bottom sections were developed on superimposed pillars along the floor using roof bolts. Based on laboratory testing and investigations on simulated models, an idea of underpinning was conceived for simultaneous depillaring of both the contiguous sections. Taking advantage of presence of openings in the top section, the laminated parting and roof coal band of bottom section was reinforced simultaneously by a full-column grouted cable bolt of suitable length from the floor of the top section. Underpinning consolidated parting stability through reinforcement and provided additional thickness to the critical parting thickness as the roof coal band of the thick bottom section is stitched together with the parting. Maintaining superimposition of workings in the two sections, pillars of both the sections were extracted by splitting and slicing. Splits and slices of the bottom section did not experience roof instability problems due to the presence of the reinforced overlying roof coal band and parting by underpinning. The roof coal of the bottom section was blasted down on retreat. Consolidation of the multi-layered parting by underpinning did not allow separation and collapse of its mudstone/shale layers resulting in clean coal blasted from the roof. Underpinning-based simultaneous depillaring of the contiguous sections proved its technological feasibility and success through field trials.     

特厚煤层冲击地压重复发生的机理研究

以现场同一区域重复发生冲击地压为工程背景,通过理论分析、现场监测、数值模拟等方法研究冲击地压重复发生机理,得出如下结论:1特厚煤层重复冲击区域存在应力恢复现象,而力源作用下的特厚煤层的扩容是导致应力恢复的主要原因;2重复冲击是冲击体受到的冲击力与阻抗力多次搏弈的结果,煤体由完整状态向碎裂状态过渡过程中满足冲击力大于阻抗力的条件而发生多次冲击,直至煤体进入碎裂状态;3通过消除力源、阻止应力恢复可防止冲击地压重复发生。研究结果对防治特厚煤层冲击地压具有重要意义。     

Scale model test of highway tunnel construction underlying mined-out thin coal seam

The construction of a highway tunnel adjacent to an overlying mined-out thin coal seam disturbs the surrounding rocks, thus affecting the stability of tunnel structures. This paper presents scale model tests in a 1g gravitational field on the tunnel excavation undercrossing the caved zone of the goaf. In the tests, different caved zone–tunnel distances (d) were considered as well as the inclined coal seam with different dip angles. Settlement on the roof and floor of the caved zone and vault settlement of the tunnel during excavation were tested and compared. It was shown that in the caved zone the settlement on the roof was greater than that on the floor. The caved zone also affected the vertical and lateral loads on the primary support of the tunnel. The results showed that d has great influence on the vertical pressure in the case of a horizontal coal seam while the dip angle affects the lateral pressure significantly for an inclined coal seam. This means that in the case of a horizontal coal seam, the closer the caved zone, the greater the average vertical pressure and the maximum bending moment, and the smaller the corresponding axial force. As for the inclined coal seam, the greater the dip angle, the larger the moment and axial force of primary support. A significant pressure bias was also revealed in the case of an inclined coal seam with the dip angle of 30°.     

急倾斜煤层的冲击地压危险区域划分研究

对长沟峪煤矿的急倾斜煤层进行了数值模拟,并对推采不同距离时的垂直应力云图进行分析,得出危险区域为工作面的上下端头,与实际开采情况基本吻合,说明数值模拟方法可为急倾斜煤层安全开采和冲击地压的防治工作提供参考。     

华蓥山隧道西口右线揭煤防突防坍技术

华蓥山隧道是我国在建的最长公路隧道 ,地质情况十分复杂。通过总结隧道西口右线揭煤的成功经验 ,为隧道大断面安全揭煤和防止煤层采空区坍塌提供技术参考     

煤矿开采硫对地下水环境的影响浅析

根据煤矿开采现状提出了煤矿开采中硫对地下水环境影响的内容、方式及预防措施,针对煤矿开采对地下水的接影响给以分析,与传统环境影响评价相比增加了煤炭开采中硫对地下水水质影响分析.