天然气脱二氧化碳工艺方法综述

论述了目前国内外工业上常用的5种脱碳方法和基本工艺流程,通过对各种脱碳工艺的对比,总结出了在不同工艺条件和脱碳要求下各工艺方法的优劣并归纳出工艺初选方法     

鼓泡反应器中二氧化碳吸收工艺研究进展

CO₂的吸收和捕集对于减缓温室效应和利用CO₂创造经济效益具有重要的社会和经济价值。介绍了在鼓泡反应器中进行的CO₂的吸收和捕集的研究进展,包括新型吸收剂的应用、反应原理的探讨、反应条件和工艺路线的优化等。这些研究为实现CO₂的减排,开发新型高效吸收剂提供了参考。     

二氧化碳选择性吸收方法的研究进展

综述了二氧化碳选择性吸收方法的研究进展,包括物理吸收法、化学吸收法、膜吸收法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。     

半闭式呼吸器二氧化碳吸收装置的研究

为了减小呼吸器二氧化碳吸收装置的体积,对原有的二氧化碳吸收装置进行设计和改进。通过对吸收装置结构的改进和吸收剂的重新选择,并在呼吸机上进行模拟试验表明:通过竖直隔板建立分隔空间,和采用吸收率38%的钠石灰的吸收剂的改进,吸收剂的重量由720 g降低为300 g,有效减小了吸收剂的体积并且降低了呼吸器的呼气阻力。     

MEA-TETA复配醇胺水溶液吸收二氧化碳的实验研究

研究测定了系列浓度的MEA-TETA复配醇胺水溶液在常温下对CO2的溶解度,以及水溶液和吸收液的表面张力。确定了适于工业应用的MEA-TETA复配体系的组成。实验结果表明,在以TETA为主体的醇胺水溶液中加入适量MEA,CO2吸收速率快,再生能耗降低。     

二氧化碳吸收/吸附剂研究进展

综述了目前正在研究的各种二氧化碳分离技术。根据分离技术原理的不同,对吸收法、吸附法及膜分离法等技术进行了分类讨论。对于吸收法根据吸收剂的使用温度分为高温吸收剂和低温吸收剂进行了分类综述;根据使用材料的不同对吸附剂做了详尽的评述;并且展望了二氧化碳分离技术的未来发展趋势,提出了鉴于目前任何单一方法都不能满足燃煤电厂烟气治理的要求,应该综合各种技术的优点,制造吸附容量更高、选择性更强的复合材料,如吸附剂浸渍有机胺吸收液来提高吸附剂的选择性和吸附容量,膜材料浸渍胺的水溶液,多孔聚合物浸渍有机溶液,以及一些新型结构的吸收剂如离子溶液和金属有机骨架等等。     

用于从混合气体中吸收分离二氧化碳的溶液

本发明涉及一种用于从混合气体中吸收分离二氧化碳的溶液，为含有碳酸钾、醇胺类化合物成分、钒类化合物成分、硼酸以及多氨基或多氮类化合物成分的水溶液。其中：碳酸钾为50～250g／L，醇胺类化合物成分为5～250g／L，多氨基或多氮类化合物成分为0．5～25g／L，钒类化合物成分为6～12g／L，硼酸为0～20g／L。其中的钒类化合物成分还可以用铜类化合物成分取代。本发明的溶液尤其适用于从高含氧量并同时含有硫和氮氧化合物杂质的气体中高效率地吸收分离其中所含的二氧化碳。     

MDEA水溶液吸收CO2工艺条件的探讨

在活化MDEA溶液吸收CO2反应动力学理论指导下,以大量试验数据为依据,从工业生产的实际出发,探讨MDEA浓度和温度对吸收速率的影响。提出30%左右的MDEA浓度是适宜的操作浓度。     

二氧化碳脱除原理及工艺

介绍了脱除空气和烟气中二氧化碳的基本原理和相关工艺。根据二氧化碳的脱除原理,详细的阐述和分析了二氧化碳的脱除方法和相关工艺,并对各种技术最新的发展前景进行了分析。     

CO2 Absorption into Aqueous Solutions of Monoethanolamine,Methyldiethanolamine, Piperazine and their Blends

The removal of carbon dioxide from industrial gases, e.g. in thermal power stations to meet the discharge limits for CO₂ in flue gases, is usually achieved with a reactive absorption technique using aqueous solutions of alkanolamines. From the absorption performance point of view, primary and secondary amines are preferred. However, in case the costs of the solvent regeneration are also taken into account, tertiary amines are much more attractive. In order to combine the specific advantages of tertiary and primary/secondary alkanolamines, both types of solvents are mixed. In this paper, mixtures of monoethanolamine and methyldiethanolamine with piperazine as absorption activator are experimentally compared with respect to CO₂ removal performances at 25 °C. The absorption process in a special packed column has also been simulated with the use of published data on reaction kinetics, physicochemical properties (densities, viscosities, diffusivities, Henry coefficients) of the CO₂‐amines systems, including experimentally determined hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of the CO₂ scrubber.     

CO2 Absorption into Aqueous Solutions of a Polyamine (PZEA), a Sterically Hindered Amine (AMP), and their Blends

Among numerous techniques existing for reducing CO₂ emissions, CO₂ capture by absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions was specifically studied in this work. For the choice of the adequate amine solution, two major criteria must be taken into account: absorption performances (higher with primary and secondary amines) and energy costs for solvent regeneration (more interesting with tertiary and sterically hindered amines). The different types of amines can also be mixed in order to combine the specific advantages of each type of amines, an activation phenomenon being observed. Aqueous solutions of (piperazinyl‐1)‐2‐ethylamine (PZEA, a polyamine known as absorption activator) and 1‐amino‐2‐propanol (AMP, a sterically hindered amine), pure or mixed with other amines, are experimentally compared with respect to CO₂ removal performances by means of absorption test runs achieved in a special gas‐liquid contactor at 25 °C. The positive impact of addition of PZEA to monoethanolamine (MEA), N‐methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and AMP solutions was clearly highlighted. The absorption performances have also been satisfactorily simulated with coherent physicochemical data.     

CO2 Absorption and Regeneration Using Amines with Different Degrees of Steric Hindrance

The influence of steric hindrance in amines upon different characteristics in carbon dioxide chemical absorption, namely, absorption rate, carbon dioxide loading, and regeneration degree, has been analyzed. Aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine, 1‐amino‐2‐propanol, and 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol were used to compare their behavior during carbon dioxide absorption. The presence of one or two methyl groups on the carbon next to the amino group produced changes in the analyzed parameters. In addition, the influences of the gas‐flow rate and amine concentration on the chemical solvent behavior were studied to improve the mass transfer under different experimental conditions.     

煤燃烧烟气中CO2的吸收控制技术研究进展

阐述了燃煤烟气中二氧化碳脱除的各种方法。研究了各种CO2的吸收方法,包括物理吸收法中的膜吸收法、吸附剂等,物化吸附法,还有化学吸收剂中的氨水、有机氨等吸收方法,并分析各种方法的特点及优缺点。     

Comparison of Various Alkaline Solutions for H2S/CO2‐Selective Absorption Applied to Biogas Purification

Biogas is a common renewable energy resource. A very important stage of biogas upgrading, studied in the present work, is its purification from H₂S traces. The selective absorption of H₂S and CO₂ into oxido‐alkaline solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and into amine solutions was compared by performing absorption test runs in a cables‐bundle scrubber at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The absorption rate and selectivity for H₂S over CO₂ were determined for various solute partial pressures, different alkaline absorbents and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the scrubbing liquid, and different pH values. Higher H₂S‐selective absorption performances with oxido‐alkaline solutions than with amine solutions could be observed provided that the solution is at a low pH value (9.5) and contains a sufficient hydrogen peroxide concentration.     

Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous solutions of piperazine activated 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

In this work, new experimental data on the rate of absorption of CO₂ into piperazine (PZ) activated aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) are reported. The absorption experiments using a wetted wall contactor have been carried out over the temperature range of 298-313 K and CO₂ partial pressure range of 2-14 kPa. PZ is used as a rate activator with a concentration ranging from 2 to 8 wt%, keeping the total amine concentration in the solution at 30 wt%. The CO₂ absorption into the aqueous amine solutions is described by a combined mass transfer-reaction kinetics-equilibrium model, developed according to Higbie's penetration theory. Parametric sensitivity analysis is done to determine the effects of possible errors in the model parameters on the accuracy of the calculated CO₂ absorption rates from the model. The model predictions have been found to be in good agreement with the experimental results of rates of absorption of CO₂ into aqueous (PZ+AMP). The good agreement between the model predicted rates and enhancement factors and the experimental results indicates that the combined mass transfer-reaction kinetics-equilibrium model with the appropriate use of model parameters can effectively represent CO₂ mass transfer in PZ activated aqueous AMP solutions.     

Thermal Effects During the Absorption of CO2 in Aqueous Solutions of 3‐Amino‐1‐Propanol

In this work, we study the process of CO₂ absorption, at high partial pressures, in aqueous solutions of 3‐amino‐1‐propanol (AP), with respect to the thermal effects of this operation. All of the experiments were performed in a stirred tank gas‐liquid reactor with a flat, known interface. The variables considered were the AP concentration in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 M and the temperature within the interval of 288–313 K. From the results, we deduce that the process takes place in the instantaneous nonisothermal regime, and we propose an equation which relates the experimental results of molar flux with the initial amine concentration. At the same time, we can evaluate the temperature increase at the gas‐liquid interface.     

Mathematical Modeling,Simulation, and Experimental Verification of CO2 Removal in a Turbulent Contact Absorber

A highly efficient technique of contaminant gas reduction, Turbulent Contact Absorber (TCA), is applied to CO₂ removal from a typical flue gas. Aqueous K₂CO₃ sorbent was evaluated as a regenerable sorbent for CO₂ from the flue gas. In order to identify the system, momentum and mass balance equations were written for the TCA tower. A flat plate falling film model was employed to simulate the TCA tower and the effect of turbulence was included in mass and momentum transfer coefficients. To check the accuracy of the model, a pilot scale TCA was built and operated. A Testo type gas analyzer was used to detect gas concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the rig. The model was validated successfully with pilot plant data. The effect of velocity and K₂CO₃ concentration on the TCA performance has also been carried out. It was found that the bed pressure drop increases linearly with gas velocity and then remains constant. An increase in the liquid flow rate increases liquid holdup, which leads to a rise in bed pressure drop. Higher turbulence within the TCA causes a velocity peak to shift from hypothetical gas‐liquid interface towards the falling film plate. An increase of the K₂CO₃ concentration from 1.0 g mol/L to 2.0 g mol/L was found to give an increase in CO₂ removal by about 4 %.     

Performance of CO2 absorption in a diameter-varying spray tower

The application of spray towers for CO₂ capture is a development trend in recent years. However, most of the previous jobs were conducted in a cylindrical tower by using a single spray nozzle, whose configuration and performance is not good enough for industrial application. To solve this problem, the present work proposed a diameter-varying spray tower and a new spray mode of dual-nozzle opposed impinging spray to enhance the heat and mass transfer of CO₂ absorption process. Experiments were performed to investigate the mass transfer performance (in terms of the CO₂ removal rate (η) and the overall mass transfer coefficient (K_Ga_e2 are major factors, which affect the absorption performance and the maximums of η and K_Ga_e that are 94.0% and 0.574 kmol·m^-3·h^-1·kPa^-1, respectively, under the experimental conditions. Furthermore, new correlations to predict the mass transfer coefficient of the proposed spray tower are developed in various CO₂ concentrations with a Pearson Correlation Coefficient over 90%.     

二乙醇胺溶液吸收CO2过程

运用双膜理论对气液两相传质进行分析,针对二乙醇胺溶液吸收CO2建立数学模型,该模型精确描述CO2传质速率对溶液pH值依赖程度及速率强化因子随化学反应进行的变化情况. 从每种含碳离子(包括CO32-, HCO3-与RNHCOO-)在不同反应阶段的浓度分布角度分析了各自对总传质速率的影响规律,实验中分别控制溶液浓度、进气流量和复合溶液配比等工艺参数. 结果表明,CO2传质速率主要受CO32-与HCO3-控制,而RNHCOO-的作用有限. 吸收液浓度提高促进传质,但当pH值降至8.2后其作用减弱;传质速率随进气流量升高而加快,70 mL/min后趋于稳定;复配溶液较单一溶液对CO2吸收速率和吸收量均有促进作用,但复配比例变化对离子贡献率影响微弱.