焊接接头TIG熔修的疲劳强度及低温性能研究

以海洋石油钻井平台桩腿所用的普通低合金钢角焊缝为例，研究TIG(tungsten inert-gas arc)熔修对焊接接头性能的影响。TIG熔修可提高接头疲劳强度及低温性能，其效果取决于熔修工艺及规范。文中对多种规范的TIG熔修试样和未熔修试样，进行疲劳试验及落锤试验，推出疲劳寿命公式，并得到S-N曲线，确定了本试验条件下的最佳工艺规范参数，应用该工艺参数可提高疲劳强度189％，降低脆性开裂温度70℃。该熔修工艺已试用于海洋平台实际结构的桩腿裂纹补焊修复中，使补焊焊缝的疲劳寿命大幅度提高，效果明显。     

提高焊接接头疲劳强度的超声冲击法与TIG熔修法之比较

采用Q2 35B十字接头试件 ,就改善焊接接头疲劳强度的超声冲击法与TIG熔修法进行了全面对比。结果表明 :超声冲击处理对焊趾区硬度的影响不如TIG熔修明显 ;TIG熔修对焊趾几何外形的改善程度好于超声冲击法 ;TIG熔修处理工艺在焊趾区引入了残余拉应力 ,而超声冲击在焊趾区形成了较大数值的压缩应力。Q2 35B十字焊接接头经TIG熔修后 ,其疲劳强度 (2× 10 6 )提高 5 1% ,低于超声冲击处理对相同试件的疲劳强度 (2× 10 6 )改善程度 (6 4% )。     

TIG熔修对焊接接头海水腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

对经过 TIG 熔修的海上平台用钢(A537)的板状焊接接头进行了海水腐蚀疲劳试验。试验条件是:加载频率0.2Hz,应力比 R=-1,海水温度20°±1℃,阴极保护电位-850mV±30mV,SCE。就平均寿命来说,TIG 熔修试件的海水腐蚀疲劳寿命为原始焊缝(as-welded)试件寿命的四倍至六倍,并且随应力范围的降低而差别增大.在自由腐蚀条件下,TIG 熔修试件的寿命也比原始焊缝试件的寿命长得多。     

提高焊接接头疲劳性能的低相变点焊条焊趾熔修技术

在焊接接头疲劳试验的基础上,首次提出了用于提高焊接接头疲劳性能的低相变点焊条焊趾熔修技术。采用低相变点焊条LTTE和普通焊条E5015,分别对非承载十字接头和纵向环绕角焊缝接头实施焊趾熔修,进行疲劳性能对比,并与该两种形式接头的全LTTE焊缝接头疲劳性能进行比较。结果表明:相对于普通焊条E5015接头,低相变点焊条LTTE焊趾熔修技术可以有效地提高焊接接头的疲劳性能,其疲劳强度达到全LTTE焊缝接头的疲劳强度。这一技术降低了LTTE焊条的使用成本,为低相变点焊条在工程实践中的推广应用提供了一条有效途径。     

装载机焊接接头的疲劳强度及焊缝尺寸的影响

装载机的工作装置主要为焊接结构，本文根据某新型国产装载工作装置的实际结构，模拟简化了七种焊接接头，试验研究了这些接头的疲劳强度，给出了不同接头的１０条Ｓ－Ｎ曲线，同时还就焊脚尺寸对不同载荷形式下十字接头及丁字接产砂疲劳强度的影响进行了研究，对不同载荷形式临界焊脚尺寸的大小进行了讨论；并根据试验所得Ｓ－Ｎ曲线及国产装载机动臂的实际载荷谱，对三种机型动臂的疲劳寿命进行了估算，估算结果有力地支持了国产新     

钢中最大夹杂尺寸的评估与疲劳强度的预测

采用两种极值统计方法(statistics of extrem values,SEV;generalized Pareto distribution,GPD)对某一商用42CrMo钢的最大夹杂尺寸进行评估,并且预测其对应的疲劳强度.与实验结果比较发现,两种方法预测的夹杂大小及疲劳强度和超声疲劳实验的结果接近,且在一定的小体积范围内SEV方法预测的最大夹杂尺寸与实验结果更相近.     

高强钢焊接接头的疲劳强度研究

对某种国产高强度钢的横向和纵向两种对接形式的焊接接头疲劳性能进行试验研究。焊接接头疲劳性能分散性很大，文中采用“定时截尾寿命”试验数据处理方法拟合试验数据，获得焊接接头的P—S—N曲线，并与舍去越出点的常规处理方法进行对比。结果表明，在高存活率下、长寿命区，常规方法所得结果是不安全的。     

回转窑液压挡轮的应力强度与疲劳断裂分析

运用有限元技术对一台大型沥青焦回转窑设备中发生断裂事故的液压挡轮部件进行强度失效分析及疲劳寿命估算.通过断口形貌分析和金相实验,得出失效机理为疲劳断裂的定性结论.利用Ansys软件建立挡轮的有限元模型,计算出应力和变形等一系列结果.在确定交变应力幅值及裂纹尖端应力强度因子的基础上,利用Paris公式预算含缺陷挡轮的疲劳寿命.在选材及造型设计上对挡轮提出改进方案,将韧性较差的铸钢材料替换为韧性较好的锻钢材料,并优化挡轮轮辐减重孔直径,提高挡轮的疲劳寿命,从而在强度及韧性上均达到最优.设计长期交变应力状态下的工件必须兼顾材料的强度、韧性及其造型优化,这一结论对各类动态承载机械零部件的设计均具有参考价值.     

改善焊接接头疲劳强度超声冲击装置的研制及应用

使用超声波冲击焊趾来提高焊接接头及结构的疲劳强度,是国际上刚刚出现的一种新方法。本文对超声冲击方法的实验装置进行了研究,研制成功了一台可以用于实际冲击处理的样机,利用所研制的实验,对１６Ｍｎ钢几种焊接接头实施冲击处理,并进行了冲击处理前后的对比疲劳试验,１６Ｍｎ对接接头疲劳强度（２＊１０＾６）提高了９０％（拉伸）十字接头（拉伸）提高了６７％,能够延长疲劳寿命３０－１００倍以上。     

结合面参数识别方法在摇臂钻床模型上的应用

采用文献［１］提出的基于正交关系方程的虚部方程识别机械结构结合面动力学参数的方法，识别出摇臂钻床模型的结合面参数．由此建立的该结构系统动力学模型具有较好的精度。     

汽车后桥疲劳试验时裂纹扩展与应变变化的试验研究

在汽车后桥疲劳试验时监测记录了应变的变化过程,并测得了疲劳裂纹扩展的长度。通过分析研究,得到裂纹扩展与应变变化的关系,提出一种应用计算机实时监测应变变化来分析疲劳裂纹产生、扩展的方法。     

INVESTIGATION INTO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE LAYERS PRODUCED IN A NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY FROM DRILLING OPERATIONS

The nature of white layers generated during metal cutting operations have for some time been the object of scientific controversy in reference to their metallurgical nature/structure. This research aims to study the structure of the white layer from an abusive cutting operation (i.e., drilling) in a nickel-based superalloy at both macro and micro scale levels. This has been achieved by using (1) a Focus Ion Beam to mill a sample for Transmission Electron Microscopy to analyse the grain size within the white layer, (2) Scanning Electron Microscopy to see shape characteristics of the white layer generated, (3) X-ray diffraction to see any alterations to the crystallinity of the structure, and (4) nano-indentation within this layer to compare its hardness with that of the bulk material. The in-depth analysis of white layers generated from non-standard drilling parameters of alloy RR1000 has shown that the layer is of the same structure as the bulk material: face centre cubic (FCC). The analysis has also shown the layer possesses a greatly reduced grain size of approximately 50 nm as opposed to the bulk material which has an average grain size of 22–63 μm (ASTM 8-5). Although nano-indentation has also shown that the analysed layer has a 45% higher hardness than that of the bulk material. This analysis indicates that the white layer created from machining is a combination of both mechanical and thermal effects and not only thermal as previously shown.     

CONTINUOUS-FLOW/STOPPED-FLOW SYSTEM INCORPORATING A ROTATING BIOREACTOR BASED ON A DOUBLE REDOX CATALYTIC CYCLE AND ELECTRON TRANSFER MEDIATED BY OSMIUM COMPLEXES. APPLICATION IN THE DETERMINATION OF EXTREMELY LOW LEVELS OF GLUCOSE

ABSTRACT

The high sensitivity that can be attained by enzymatic amplification via substrate cycling and mediated by the redox polymer [Os(bpy)2ClPyCH₂NHpoly(allylamine) (Os-PAA), has been verified by on-line interfacing of a rotating bioreactor and continuous-flow/stopped-flow/continuous-flow processing system. The determination of glucose was possible with a limit of detection of 20?fmol?L^?1 in the processing of as many as 30 samples per hour. Determination at such low levels is of interest in several situations encountered in fermentation biotechnology and clinical chemistry, and for the determination in culture broths; it illustrates the capabilities of the proposed approach. Glucose oxidase and Os-PAA were covalently immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode surface (upper cell body), Glucose dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.47] was immobilized on a disk that can be rotated. Substrate cycling was realized via NADH/NAD⁺ that, in conjunction with glucose dehydrogenase, regenerates glucose, the substrate in the glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction.