邯郸市地下水超采区水资源开发与管理

在介绍全市地下水资源开采现状的基础上,全面分析了地下水超采区形成的主要原因及存在的问题,针对地下水超采区水资源开发利用中存在的问题,提出了地下水超采区水资源开发、节约、保护和利用的具体措施。     

邯郸市地下水超采区水资源开发与管理

在介绍全市地下水资源开采现状的基础上，全面分析了地下水超采区形成的主要原因及存在的问题，针对地下水超采区水资源开发利用中存在的问题，提出了地下水超采区水资源开发、节约、保护和利用的具体措施。     

山西省地下水超采与防治对策

山西省属于水资源缺乏省份,在全省国民经济各部门取水量中,地下水取水比例占到一半左右。为有效保护全省地下水资源,在对山西省地下水资源及其开发利用状况进行分析的基础上,阐述了地下水超采区的分布及其主要特征,并提出了相应的防治和保护措施。     

江西省地下水开发利用研究

通过对江西省地下水资源开发利用现状的调查与研究,分析指出了其局部区域地下水超采、地下水污染等一些环境地质问题。根据水文地质条件、地下水开采潜力和地下水开发利用的需要等,对全省地下水功能区进行了划分。在此基础上,以地下水功能区为研究单元,根据功能区的地下水资源状况和生态环境保护要求,考虑未来地下水资源利用需求,为加强地下水的开采控制管理,确定各功能区的控制开采量,提出了江西省地下水资源开发利用方案。     

山西省地下水超采特征分析

山西省属于水资源缺乏的省份,在全省的取水量中,地下水比例占到60%以上。在一些严重的地区,地下水利用比例达到80%以上。过度开采地下水造成了潜在的灾难,带来巨大的经济损失。为有效保护全省地下水资源,结合山西省气象、水文、地质、水文地质、水资源及其开发利用状况进行分析的基础上,分析了全省地下水超采区的分布及其主要特征,并提出了相应的防治和保护措施。     

山东省地下水资源开发利用规划研究

通过对山东省1984～1993年系列及现状年1993年地下水开发利用状况分析,划分了地下水超采区,分析计算了全省及超采区多年平均地下水资源量及可开采量;在对全省2010年需水量预测及现状条件和规划条件下地下水可供水量预测的基础上,对全省及超来区地下水资源进行了开发利用规划研究;并通过供需平衡分析,提出实现全省地下水资源合理、有效、持续利用的对策与措施。     

水利部启动新一轮地下水超采区划定工作

正为深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于强化水资源刚性约束、严格地下水管理与保护的要求,逐步削减地下水超采量,实现地下水采补平衡,水利部近日启动新一轮地下水超采区划定工作,力争用1年半的时间完成地下水超采区及地下水开发利用临界区划定工作,督促各省份明确地下水禁采区、限采区。     

安徽省地下水开发利用管控措施建议

基于安徽省地下水资源禀赋条件、开发利用现状及存在问题分析,提出"加大宣传力度,厉行节约用水;完善地下水开发利用监管制度;落实超采区治理措施;加强地下水监测能力建设"的措施建议,为安徽省地下水水资源保护及开发利用提供参考。     

地下水功能区划分浅谈

简要介绍了我国地下水面临的主要问题:资源枯竭、生态功能退化、环境地质灾害加剧。根据地下水系统具有的资源供给、生态环境保护、地质安全保障这三大功能,分析了地下水功能与当前地下水面临的诸多问题的关系,提出将地下水分布区划分成四类一级功能区,即开发利用区、生态环境保护区、地质灾害防治区和保留区,分析了地下水功能区和地下水超采区的关系,建议将地下水功能区和地表水功能区联合起来,构成水资源统一管理的技术平台。指出地下水保护的程序是:进行地下水功能区划,建立地下水功能区评价指标体系,研究地下水保护的标准体系,制定和实施地下水系统保护方案,加强地下水监测和管理。     

松辽流域地下水利用与保护规划编制概要

松辽流域地下水利用与保护规划内容包括地下水资源开发利用现状,地下水功能区划分成果,利用与保护规划的方案和措施,环境影响评价,投资匡算及实施效果等。本文主要论述了该项规划编制的背景,目标任务等情况,详细阐述了规划编制过程中的地下水功能区、深层承压水和超采区等重点和难点问题,简要介绍了地下水保护措施等内容。本规划将作为今后松辽流域地下水开发、利用、保护、管理的基本依据。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…