弹性髓内钉与接骨板固定治疗儿童股骨骨折疗效分析

目的比较弹性髓内钉与钛合金接骨板内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折的疗效。方法将58例股骨干骨折患儿分为2组,观察组28例采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定,对于难以闭合复位和插钉困难的骨折采用小切口辅助复位和插钉;对照组30例采用切开复位接骨板内固定。结果观察组平均手术时间及术中出血量均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。58例患儿均获12~24个月随访,骨折全部愈合。未发生切口感染、骨髓炎、骨折不愈合。按照Flynn评价标准,观察组优良率96.4%,对照组为96.7%,2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论弹性髓内钉闭合复位内固定和接骨板切开复位内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折,效果均较为满意。但弹性髓内钉闭合复位内固定创伤小,可根据具体病情加以选择。     

闭合复位弹性髓内钉与切开复位钢板内固定治疗儿童长骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的比较闭合复位弹性髓内钉与切开复位钢板内固定治疗儿童长骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013-01—2015-12诊治的104例儿童长骨干骨折,采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定56例(髓内钉组),采用切开复位钢板内固定48例(钢板组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、下地负重时间、并发症发生率,骨折愈合后评定关节功能。结果 104例均获得随访10~24个月,平均16个月。髓内钉组出现3例钉尾激惹反应。钢板组6例骨折延迟愈合,4例取出钢板后再骨折。髓内钉组在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、下地负重时间、并发症发生率、术后关节功能方面优于钢板组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童长骨干骨折的疗效显著,术后恢复快,并发症发生率低。     

不同手术方式治疗股骨干骨折的比较研究

目的对比研究不同手术方式治疗股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法 106例股骨干骨折分为3组,A组(23例)采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定,B组(61例)采用切开复位交锁髓内钉固定,C组(22例)采用切开复位钢板内固定。结果 3组骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而在手术时间、出血量、膝关节功能障碍发生率、切口感染率、骨不连发生率等方面存在不同的差异。结论股骨干骨折闭合复位宜选用交锁髓内钉固定,而切开复位宜选用钢板内固定。     

改良牵引床在股骨干骨折闭合复位髓内钉内固定术中的应用

目的评价改良牵引床在股骨干骨折闭合复位髓内钉内固定术中的临床应用。方法采用改良牵引床辅助闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折27例,根据KLEMM功能恢复分级标准评价临床疗效。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间6~25个月(平均13.2个月),骨折均一期愈合。按KLEMM功能恢复分级标准:优23例、良3例、可1例,优良率96.3%。结论改良牵引床在股骨干骨折闭合复位中操作简单、稳定可靠。     

交锁髓内钉闭合复位治疗股骨干骨折

目的评价通过闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法35例股骨干骨折患者通过闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定方法治疗,评价治疗临床效果。结果术后所有病例随访(16.0±3.4)个月,骨折愈合时间(4.8±2.1)个月。根据骨折愈合及关节功能等进行评分,优21例、良10例、可2例、差2例,优良率为88.6%。术后螺钉松动4例,无髓内钉断裂、伤口感染和骨髓炎、畸形愈合及继发性关节僵硬。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折具有损伤小、感染率低、骨折愈合率高等优点,是治疗股骨干骨折较好的方法。     

闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗复杂股骨干粉碎骨折

目的探讨闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗复杂股骨干粉碎骨折（32-C型）的疗效。方法自2005年4月至2009年6月我院收治的股骨干多段粉碎性骨折病例中16例采用了闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗。根据AO分型,C1型7例,C2型3例,C3型6例。采用自股骨大粗隆顺行插入髓内钉固定13例,自膝关节逆行插入髓内钉固定3例。结果 16例病例均获随访,随访时间10～36个月,平均随访23个月,骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间5个月。膝关节功能按照Kolment标准,优14例,良2例,优良率100%。结论对于复杂股骨干粉碎骨折采用闭合复位髓内钉内固定具有创伤小,骨折愈合好,患者恢复快的优点。     

钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的探讨钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法对110例股骨干骨折患者分别采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定(交锁髓内钉组,45例)和切开复位钢板内固定(钢板组,65例)治疗。比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症及术后12个月HSS评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间12～36个月。术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率及术后12个月HSS评分交锁髓内钉组均少(优)于钢板组(P 0. 05),手术时间两组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论采用交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折,失血少、愈合时间快、功能恢复满意。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折

目的探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法对16例股骨干骨折患者采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定。结果 16例均获得随访,时间4~18个月,骨折均愈合。无感染、内固定断裂、脂肪栓塞等发生。疗效按Tohner-Wrnch标准评定:优13例,良3例。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折创伤小,失血少,手术时间短,骨折愈合快,功能恢复快,疗效满意。     

螺纹克氏针辅助闭合复位顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折

目的总结采用螺纹克氏针辅助闭合复位顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗闭合性股骨干骨折的临床经验。方法回顾性分析自2014-06—2017-03采用螺纹克氏针辅助闭合复位顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗的60例闭合性股骨干骨折。结果本组57例骨折完全闭合复位,3例有限切开复位(均为C型骨折),闭合复位成功率95.0%。57例骨折闭合复位成功者均获得随访,随访时间平均8.5(5~16)个月。56例骨折顺利骨性愈合,愈合时间平均7.5(4.5~12.0)个月。末次随访时采用Tohner-Wrnch标准评定疗效:优44例,良12例,差1例,优良率98.2%。结论顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗闭合性股骨干骨折术中采用螺纹克氏针辅助闭合复位具有操作简单、安全性高、复位效果好、可重复性佳等优点。     

锁定钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效比较

目的比较锁定钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 52例符合纳入标准的肱骨外科颈骨折分为锁定钢板组和髓内钉组,每组各26例。锁定钢板组采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定,髓内钉组采用闭合或有限切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间及术后6个月Neer肩关节功能评分。结果 52例术后获得平均7.37(6~11)个月随访。术后6个月Neer肩关节功能评分:锁定钢板组优12例,良10例,可2例,差2例,优良率84.62%;髓内钉组优12例,良11例,可2例,差1例,优良率88.46%。2组手术时间、术后6个月Neer肩关节功能评分优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与锁定钢板组相比,髓内钉组术中出血量减少,骨折愈合时间缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论锁定钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折术后肩关节功能无明显差异,但交锁髓内钉内固定可以减少手术创伤,促进骨折愈合。在掌握手术技巧后,建议优先选择交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折。     

Comparison of compression plate and flexible intramedullary nail fixation in pediatric femoral shaft fractures

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of compression plating and flexible intramedullary nailing for pediatric femoral shaft fractures. Thirty-eight consecutive patients with 40 femoral shaft fractures were evaluated. Twenty-two femoral segments were treated with a compression plate and 18 femoral segments were treated with flexible intramedullary nailing. The time to healing, operation time and complications were evaluated. The average operation time was statistically significantly shorter in the nailing group (P=0.039). Four implant failures occurred in the compression plate group whereas one non-union was observed in the flexible nailing group. Flexible intramedullary nailing seems to provide a high union rate with a shorter operation time when compared with plate fixation.     

股骨干骨折接骨板或髓内针固定的局部并发症

目的 探讨股骨干骨折局部并发症发生的影响因素,并比较接骨板和髓内针固定方法在并发症方面的差异。方法 对我院１９８５－１９９４年间３２５例经内固定治疗的股骨干骨折进行分析。结果 ７２例发生局部并发症,发生率为２２％,其中髓内针组４６例;接骨板组２６例。结论髓内针固定股骨干骨折较接骨板有明显的优势,但在股骨下段,粗隆下肌折应用接骨板是较好的选择。     

锁定钢板联合自体松质骨、BMP治疗小儿股骨干骨折术后不愈合的疗效:生物相容性研究

目的探讨锁定钢板联合自体松质骨,骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)治疗小儿股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效。方法 2012年1月-2016年6月我院共收治28例小儿股骨干骨折术后延迟愈合患者,其中16例采用锁定钢板联合同种异体骨植骨和BMP治疗,12例采用弹性髓内钉固定。观察两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用和术后下地锻炼时间,术后随访1年,定期复查X线片,观察骨折愈合情况和内固定稳定性,统计并发症发生情况。结果术后所有病例均达到骨性愈合,X线发现内固定无松动。观察组平均愈合时间为3.89±0.28个月,对照组为3.82±0.25个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在随访期间均未出现骨折不愈或延迟愈合。两组均未出现感染、股骨头坏死、髋内翻畸形、低血压等并发症。两组术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用和术后下地锻炼时间无明显差异(P0.05);手术时间对照组长于观察组,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论锁定钢板联合自体松质骨,骨形态发生蛋白治疗小儿股骨干骨折不愈合疗效可靠,并发症少。     

带锁髓内钉固定并植骨治疗陈旧性股骨干骨折

目的 评价带锁髓内钉并植骨治疗股骨干陈旧性骨折的临床疗效和优点。方法 对1996年2月～2003年11月收治的47例陈旧性股骨干骨折患者进行回顾性分析。其中植骨组28例，非植骨组19例。采用切开复位，带锁髓内钉扩髓，静力型固定，根据骨折部位生长情况改为动力型固定。结果 术后随访39例，随访lO～25个月，平均随访时间14．2个月。植骨组骨折愈合率为95．6％(22／23)，感染率为4．3％(1／23)，骨折平均愈合时间为6．3个月，非植骨组则分别为62.5%(10／16)，6．25％(1／16)和9．7个月。临近关节功能达正常，无感染、断钉等并发症。结论 带锁髓内钉静力固定能有效控制有害的剪应力，同时对骨折有一定的加压作用，可提供早期坚强的内固定，同时，植骨后骨折愈合快，并发症少，是治疗陈旧性骨折的理想方法。     

Management of fractures and fracture complications of femoral shaft using the ASIF compression plate.

Nnieteen acute fractures and fourteen fracture complications of the femoral shaft were managed with ASIF plate fixation. Two patients having femoral shortening procedures were similarly managed. Most injuries involved the distal femoral shaft, and were judged unacceptable for intramedullary nailing. Single plate fixation and immediate mobilization of the knee joint were possible in most patients. Technical failure, refracture through an end-screw hole, or nonunion occurred in 20% of the injuries. Plate fixation of the femoral shaft is not the surgical procedure of choice for management of femoral shaft injuries. It is an acceptable alternative to intramedullary nailing but carries a higher risk of complication.     

两种方法治疗大龄儿童肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效比较

目的观察大龄儿童移位型肱骨外科颈骨折经闭合复位逆向弹性髓内针内固定以及克氏针内固定两种不同手术方法的临床疗效对比。 方法回顾性分析十堰市人民医院创伤骨科从2016年5月至2018年12月2.5年间符合纳入标准的手术内固定治疗的儿童及青少年移位型肱骨外科颈骨折45例患者，按照内固定方法分为两组：逆向弹性髓内针内固定23例(弹性髓内针组)；闭合复位克氏针内固定22例(克氏针组)。采用t检验或卡方检验分析骨折愈合时间，肩关节功能评分、并发症个数及优良率。 结果所有病例骨折均达到良好愈合，骨折愈合时间为(8.0±2.1)周。术后6周两组功能评分弹性髓内针组优于克氏针组(t＝5.295，P<0.05)；术后3个月功能评分无明显差异(P>0.05)。88.9%患者肩关节功能均达到了优良效果，两组优良率无明显差异(X²＝0，P>0.05)。弹性髓内针组有1例出现桡神经挫伤，2例出现弹性髓内针穿出；4例出现复位再丢失。但克氏针内固定组出现了克氏针松动、脱落4例；骨折复位丢失3例；无血管神经损伤并发症。 结论采用逆向弹性髓内针及克氏针内固定治疗儿童移位型肱骨外科颈骨折，都是微创、有效的治疗方法，值得临床推广运用。术者应选择熟悉的手术方法避免并发症。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折术后感染和骨吸收的处理

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折术后感染及骨吸收的治疗方法。方法股骨十骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后感染及骨吸收13例,术后感染平均14．5个月。第一期拔除髓内钉、彻底清创、外同定支架固定,第二期植骨、抗感染;术后膝关节功能锻炼。结果随访平均4．2年。1年后骨折和感染均治愈,随访期内均无复发。结论合理的二期手术,是治疗交锁髓内钉固定股骨干骨折术后感染及骨吸收的可行方法。     

Alternative Operationstechniken zur Behandlung von Femurschaftfrakturen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Surgical therapy is the treatment of choice in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents due to an increased need for mobility. Since elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) was introduced in the 1980s it has become the gold standard fixation technique for these fractures. Nevertheless, with broadening indications, more complications have been described due to this technique. Recent studies reported biomechanical limitations especially in older and in heavier children. In this group of patients but also all fracture types in which ESIN does not guarantee secure stabilization, alternative surgical techniques are recommended. Indications for the usage of external fixators for rapid fixation are polytrauma and poor soft tissue conditions. Plate fixation represents a good alternative to internal fixation of proximal or distal femoral fractures. As it is not necessary to achieve anatomic reduction, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) is preferred. Conventional anterograde intramedullary nailing is often not suitable for the relatively small medullary cavity in adolescents. Another problem is the risk of impaired blood circulation depending on the entry point of the nail. The specially designed so-called adolescent lateral femoral nails are commercially available in smaller diameters. Due to its lateral entry point the risk of impaired blood flow is decreased. The choice of surgical therapy for femoral shaft fractures depends mainly on the young patient age and weight; therefore, different implant alternatives other than the ESIN technique for fracture stabilization may be selected.     

弹性髓内钉固定与外固定支架治疗儿童股骨干骨折疗效比较

目的：比较弹性髓内针与外固定支架治疗儿童股骨干骨折的疗效。方法：2002年9月至2008年8月治疗儿童股骨干骨折共67例,使用弹性髓内针治疗儿童股骨干骨折36例,男23例,女13例,年龄5～11岁,平均（7.1±1.6）岁;外固定支架治疗31例,男19例,女12例,年龄3～12岁,平均（6.5±2.3）岁。所有病例均为闭合复位,对两种不同内固定术后骨折愈合时间、术后并发症进行比较分析。结果：全部病例均获随访,时间9～24个月,平均（12±3）个月。弹性随内针组治疗小儿股骨骨折在骨折临床愈合时间和骨性愈合时间均短于外固定支架组（P〈0.05）。外固定支架组,继发钉道感染5例,骨折延迟愈合3例,再骨折2例,螺钉断裂1例;弹性髓内针组钉尾激惹3例。结论：弹性髓内针治疗儿童股骨干骨折有很大优势,而对高能量骨折及多发伤的病例外固定支架则不失为一种良好的选择,股骨近端和远端骨折尽量避免使用弹性髓内针固定。     

Outcome of intramedullary nail for fixation of osteoporotic femoral shaft fractures in the elderly above 60

IntroductionIntramedullary nailing is an acceptable treatment option for femoral shaft fracture in young patients but not extensively studied in the elderly with osteoporotic fractures. Plate fixation for osteoporotic femoral shaft fractures have a high rate of complications and delayed healing time, and the most acceptable treatment is intramedullary nailing. This study evaluated the healing time and incidence of complications in osteoporotic femoral shaft fractures after intramedullary nailing.Patients &MethodsThis was a retrospective study that included 16 patients above 60 years old with osteoporotic femoral shaft fractures operated between January 2015 and December 2018. Patients with metastatic fractures or with atypical fractures were excluded. Thirteen patients had low-energy injuries such as a simple fall from standing height or lower and twisting injuries. The remaining 3 patients sustained high-energy-mechanism of injury. No patient received bisphosphonate except 2 patients received oral bisphosphonate for a period of 6 and 8 months, respectively.ResultsSixteen patients (12 females and 4 males) with mean age 69.5 ± 3.7 presented with femoral shaft fracture were operated with intramedullary nail, 10 patients were fixed with trochanteric entry nails with proximal neck screws, and 6 patients were fixed with piriformis entry nails. In 9 patients, closed reduction of fracture was achieved while 7 patients required open reduction, of which 5 fracture required cerclage wire addition. The mean bone healing time was 5.35±1.2 months. Intraoperative extension of femoral fractures during intramedullary nail insertion was observed in two cases that required open reduction and addition of cerclage wires around the fracture. The overall incidence of complications was 18.7%.ConclusionsIntramedullary nailing for osteoporotic femoral shaft fracture is a good acceptable option in elderly patients with reasonable healing time with no major complications.