逆行经皮穿针内固定结合小夹板外固定治疗肱骨干骨折

我们自2000年10月-2005年3月采用闭合复位,经皮逆行穿针内固定结合小夹板超肘关节外固定治疗肱骨干骨折24例,取得满意疗效,报告如下。1临床资料本组24例,男15例,女9例;年龄20~71岁,平均39·5岁。骨折部位:肱骨干中上段8例,中段10例,中下段6例。横型骨折和短斜型骨折18例,粉碎性     

前侧入路MIPO技术LCP内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折

目的探讨采用前侧入路微创钢板接骨术(MIPO)结合锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的安全性与疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-01—2014-06采用前侧入路MIPO技术结合锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折16例。末次随访时按Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统评定肩关节功能,按改良Mayo肘关节功能评分系统评定肘关节功能。结果本组手术时间75~110 min,平均92 min;术中出血量50~150 ml,平均75 ml。16例均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均12.3个月。骨折均于术后3~4个月临床愈合,平均3.4个月。所有患者骨折均愈合,无内固定失败、医源性桡神经和肌皮神经损伤。末次随访时Constant-Murley肩关节评分平均95.3分,改良Mayo肘关节功能评分平均93.3分,16例功能评价均达优。结论采用前侧入路MIPO技术结合LCP内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折具有固定可靠、创伤小、保护血供、神经安全、骨折愈合率高、并发症少、功能恢复佳等优点,完全符合骨折治疗理念中的生物学固定原则,可成为治疗肱骨干中下段骨折较理想的手术方法。     

PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端并肱骨干中上段长段骨折

目的探讨应用PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端并肱骨干中上段长段骨折的临床意义和手术方法。方法自2010-03—2014-11采用PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端并肱骨干中上段长段骨折18例,根据骨折线长度选择加长型PHILOS钢板(8~12孔),采用经皮微创钢板内固定技术(MIPPO)穿三角肌止点外下方贴于肱骨干前外侧骨皮质桥接固定,肱骨近端单皮质钻孔,置入合适长度锁定钉固定并防止穿透肱骨头。结果本组均获得随访14~20个月,平均14.5个月。18例骨折均一期愈合,愈合时间12~20周,平均16周。末次随访时肩关节功能按Neer评分评定:优13例,良3例,可2例。结论微创的手术理念,良好的骨折复位技巧,符合生物力学的固定原则,加上早期积极的康复训练,采用PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端并肱骨干中上段长段骨折可取得满意的疗效。     

不同内固定方法治疗肱骨干骨折疗效对比

目的:比较切开复位钢板内固定、闭合复位顺行及逆行髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的效果。方法:采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗肱骨干骨折24例,闭合复位顺行髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折31例,闭合复位逆行髓钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折38例。对比3组手术情况、并发症、生物力学、骨折愈合、功能恢复等。结果:3组随访6～16个月,平均6.5个月。3组间手术时间、术中失血量、平均骨折愈合时间无统计学差异;术后并发症顺行髓内钉内固定组和逆行髓内钉内固定组明显低于钢板内固定组。结论:髓内钉内固定操作简单安全、并发症少,优于钢板内固定。逆行髓钉内固定在功能恢复、手术操作等方面优于顺行髓钉内固定。     

上臂后侧入路桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨干中下段骨折疗效观察

目的探讨上臂后侧入路桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-05—2018-06采用上臂后侧入路桥接组合式内固定系统治疗治疗的20例肱骨干中下段骨折。结果本组手术时间平均75(65~93)min,术中出血量平均134(90~230)mL,住院时间平均8.5(7~10)d。所有患者切口均一期愈合。20例均获得随访,随访时间平均10.5(7~16)个月,骨折愈合时间平均5.7(4~8)个月,末次随访时Mayo肘关节功能等级:优15例,良3例,可2例。结论上臂后侧入路桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨干中下段骨折操作方便,固定牢固,可有效的保护断端血供,有利于促进骨折愈合,临床疗效满意。     

闭合复位经皮双针内固定治疗肱骨干多段骨折

目的:探讨闭合复位经皮双针内固定术治疗肱骨干多段骨折的临床疗效。方法 :2009年1月至2015年4月,共收治27例肱骨干多段骨折患者,其中男10例,女17例;年龄26~81岁,平均52岁;伤后至就诊时间2 h~6 d,平均1.5 d,均采用闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗。观察患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间及并发症情况,并采用Constant-Murley肩关节评分评价肩关节功能恢复状况。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间12~24周,平均16周。手术时间20~40 min,平均28 min;术中失血量5~25 ml,平均10 ml;住院时间3~5 d,平均3.5 d。骨折均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间12~22周,平均14周。术后1例患者针尾突出,出现局部刺激症状,骨折愈合拔出克氏针后症状消失;1例针尾退出后并发局部感染,经抗炎治疗后痊愈。根据Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分,总分为89.1±2.7,其中优10例,良15例,可2例。结论:闭合复位经皮双针内固定治疗肱骨干多段骨折具有手术操作简单、出血量少、创伤小、并发症少、肩肘功能恢复较好的优点。需要注意的是闭合复位经皮双针内固定术不能有效对抗旋转和提供轴向稳定,需要配合外固定及三角巾悬吊等有效辅助措施。     

弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童肱骨干骨折疗效体会

目的探讨弹性髓内钉治疗儿童肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法对2013年1月至2016年12月收治的26例儿童肱骨干骨折采用C型臂X线机透视下闭合复位或小切口辅助复位弹性髓内钉内固定。男18例,女8例;年龄5~12岁,平均7.5岁;左侧12例,右侧14例;均为闭合性骨折。结果 26例均获得随访,随访时间9~18个月,平均12个月。骨折愈合时间3~5个月,平均3.5个月。术后出现钉尾皮肤刺激症状2例,拔除髓内钉后症状消失。无感染、延迟愈合、畸形愈合、髓内钉断裂、桡神经损伤等并发症发生。按照Flynn评分标准,优21例,良4例,可1例。结论弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童肱骨干骨折,具有微创、固定可靠、骨折愈合快、并发症少等优点,是治疗儿童肱骨干骨折的有效方法。     

单侧多功能外固定支架治疗四肢长骨干多段骨折

我院于1993年10月～1996年2月共收治16例四肢长骨干多段骨折,采用切开复位以及利用单侧多功能外固定支架固定的治疗方法,取得满意的效果。临床资料本组16例中男14例,女2例;年龄22～68岁;肱骨多段骨折3例,桡骨多段骨折3例(桡骨为双骨折,尺骨为单骨折),胫腓骨多段骨折10例(6例胫骨双骨折,腓骨单骨折,4例胫骨腓骨均为双骨折);车祸伤10例,机器扭压伤6例;开放骨折12例,闭合骨折4例;除1例桡骨多段骨折伴正中神经断裂,其余无主要神经血管的损伤,亦无其他脏器并发伤。治疗方法1.切开复位:开放骨折急诊手术,闭合骨折石膏外固定3～5天肿胀消退后再手术…     

有限内固定结合外固定架治疗肱骨干多段骨折

目的探讨有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗肱骨干多段骨折的临床疗效。方法采用有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗肱骨干多段骨折12例。结果本组经6~14个月,平均12个月的随访,骨折全部达骨性愈合,肩肘关节功能恢复良好。结论采用有限内固定结合外固定架治疗肱骨干多段骨折,能获得较好疗效。     

经皮克氏针固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折

目的总结闭合复位经皮克氏针固定治疗移位的肱骨外科颈骨折的方法和疗效。方法我科自2003年5月至2009年12月采用手法闭合复位,X线监控下经皮克氏针固定治疗移位的肱骨外科颈骨折27例,其中男16例,女11例;年龄11~74岁,平均45岁。伤后2~6 d手术治疗。结果本组均获随访,随访时间3~25个月,平均18个月。骨折愈合时间6~8周,无不愈合、血管神经损伤及肱骨头缺血坏死等并发症。用Constant-murley肩关节评分法进行评定,优18例,良6例,可3例,优良率88.8%。结论闭合复位经皮克氏针固定治疗移位的肱骨外科颈骨折创伤小、时间短、费用低、固定牢固、取针简便,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Research Update on Stress Riser Fractures

Stress fractures are fatigue-induced fractures which are caused by repetitive force, often from overuse. They are well-established and frequently encountered in the field of orthopedics. Stress fractures occur in the bone because of low-bone strength and high chronic mechanical stress placed on the bone. Stress riser fractures are also stress fractures that occur because of the presence of cortical defects (holes), changes in stiffness, sharp corners, and cracks (fracture lines). Periprosthetic or peri-implant fractures are good examples of stress riser fractures that occur in regions where stress forces are higher than those in the surrounding material. Most stress riser fractures are related to technical errors (iatrogenic causes) and are difficult to manage. It is possible and more effective to prevent the creation of stress riser fractures through better surgical techniques. The proper terminology for stress fractures, stress riser fractures, periprosthetic fractures, peri-implant fractures, interprosthetic fractures, and interimplant fractures is discussed. This review of the current state of knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress riser fractures is based on clinical evidence and recent literature.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.