合金元素含量对316不锈钢耐点蚀性能影响

点腐蚀是奥氏体不锈钢的常见局部腐蚀形式,会严重影响奥氏体不锈钢的性能和使用。选取4组不同化学成分的316不锈钢板试样,在10%三氯化铁溶液中进行点腐蚀试验。检测了点蚀坑的宏观形貌和腐蚀速率,通过SEM和EDS检测了腐蚀坑微观形貌以及点蚀坑邻近区域的合金元素分布,分析了主要合金元素对316不锈钢耐点蚀当量的影响规律。结果表明:Cr元素对316不锈钢在氯离子介质中的耐点蚀性能有着显著的有利影响,Mo元素含量的增加可以提高316不锈钢的耐点蚀性能,而Mn元素会降低316不锈钢在氯离子介质中的耐点蚀性能。根据试验结果,提出了考虑Mn元素不利影响的修正耐点蚀当量PRE计算公式。     

低铬X70管线钢组织及其抗CO2

为了明确Cr的质量分数高低对埋地用输油输气管线钢性能的影响,设计了4种Cr的质量分数的X70管线钢,研究了不同Cr的质量分数下管线钢组织及其力学性能,并采用高温高压反应釜进行了实验钢的CO₂腐蚀试验.结果表明：钢中加入0.1%~0.8%的Cr后,其组织均由针状铁素体和准多边形铁素体构成,Cr元素均呈现明显的沿晶界分布状态;随着Cr的质量分数的增加,钢板强度随之升高,晶界中Cr分布密度随之增大,Cr（OH）₃在腐蚀产物膜中的富集量增加,促使钢板的平均腐蚀速率降低;同时由于Cr（OH）₃可以有效阻碍阴离子穿透腐蚀产物膜,因而大大减少了Cl-的催化作用导致的点蚀,使得钢板点蚀速率明显降低.     

多相流动状态下原油对 X70钢 CO2腐蚀的影响

利用自制实验装置模拟起伏管路段塞流动条件下 X70钢 CO 2腐蚀问题,通过电子显微镜、腐蚀挂片等对挂片表面形貌、腐蚀速率情况进行分析,研究了多相流动状态下原油对 X70钢 CO 2腐蚀速率的影响。结果表明：油水反相点不能作为油水混输管线腐蚀临界点;原油对 X70钢腐蚀防护作用仅局限于均匀腐蚀,对局部腐蚀无防护作用,随着原油含量的增加,局部腐蚀速率可能升高;原油对均匀腐蚀的防护作用主要体现在：降低挂片表面润湿面积,减小挂片与腐蚀介质接触机会;增大腐蚀介质的混合黏度,降低挂片表面传质速度;高含蜡原油内的许多未知成分具有缓蚀作用。     

16Mn在西藏羊八井地热水中的腐蚀研究

通过现场挂片试验,对西藏羊八井地热电厂设备现用材料16Mn的腐蚀情况进行研究,结果表明:在地热水中,16Mn的腐蚀速度非常大,约510~530mpy,其腐蚀类型主要为点蚀。     

多相流动状态下CO_2分压对X70钢CO_2腐蚀的影响

应用自制实验装置,模拟起伏管路段塞流动条件下X70钢CO2腐蚀问题,通过电子显微镜、腐蚀挂片以及电化学在线监测等对挂片表面形貌、腐蚀速率以及挂片在线腐蚀情况进行分析,研究了多相流动状态下CO2分压对X70钢CO2腐蚀速率的影响。结果表明,CO2分压对X70钢CO2腐蚀存在正反两方面的影响:随着CO2分压的增加,一方面腐蚀介质酸性增强,加快腐蚀;另一方面,CO2-3的浓度升高,与Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe2+等阳离子在腐蚀挂片表面形成了一层腐蚀产物膜,降低了腐蚀速度;CO2分压对X70钢CO2腐蚀的影响与温度息息相关,随着温度的升高,腐蚀速率达到最高值的CO2分压越来越低,CO2分压对X70钢基体的保护作用大过腐蚀作用的CO2分压越来越低。     

模拟油田环境中两种P110钢的腐蚀行为研究

为了研究Cr元素的加入对材料的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率等各种腐蚀行为的影响,应用高温高压釜模拟试验、扫描电镜观察以及EDS能谱分析等方法,研究了两种P110钢在模拟油田环境中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,两种钢的腐蚀速率都在90℃左右都达到最大值;温度对腐蚀具有双重作用,造成在温度小于90℃时表面形成的膜较疏松,保护性差,而温度大于90℃时,形成的膜和基体接触较为牢固,保护性强;Cr的加入没有改变温度对P110钢腐蚀特性的影响,但能有效地防止局部腐蚀的发生.     

3种13Cr材料在CO_2和H_2S共存时的腐蚀性能研究

CO2和H2S共存时13Cr腐蚀性能较为复杂,极易发生失效.通过高温高压釜模拟油田现场环境,采用失重法对比研究了0Cr13、1Cr13、2Cr13在CO2和H2S共存时,气-液两相中的腐蚀性能.采用SEM、EDS、XRD等方法对腐蚀后试样表面形貌及成分进行了分析.结果表明,3种材料在此环境下均发生了严重的全面腐蚀,平均腐蚀速率0Cr13〉1Cr13〉2Cr13,液相平均腐蚀速率大于气相平均腐蚀速率;3种材料均有点蚀发生,气相中点蚀较液相严重.能谱及XRD分析结果显示,材料表面腐蚀产物主要为FeS0.9,主要发生了H2S腐蚀.     

2507双相不锈钢南海大气腐蚀行为研究

采用失重法、腐蚀形貌观察和产物组成分析、电化学测试和微区电化学扫描等手段,研究了2507双相不锈钢在南海大气环境下暴露不同周期后的腐蚀行为。结果显示随着暴露时间的延长,2507双相不锈钢的年平均腐蚀速率几乎没有变化,点蚀数量和深度明显增大;击穿电位负移,钝化电流增大;Kelvin表面电位起伏越来越明显,且ΔE_(KP)逐渐增大;点蚀坑周围的Ni、Mo、Mn、Cr元素聚集,坑内Si、O元素聚集。这表明2507双相不锈钢随着暴露时间的延长腐蚀加剧,腐蚀特征以点蚀为主,点蚀坑周围由于钝化膜修复过程中Ni、Mo、Mn、Cr元素形成氧化物或氢氧化物而聚集,点蚀坑内部没有Ni、Cr的氧化物,导致钝化膜无法完整修复,使试样耐腐蚀性能下降。     

16Mn钢在内蒙古五地区土壤腐蚀的研究

通过16Mn钢在内蒙古5个试验站土壤现场埋片试验,对16Mn钢在内蒙古土壤中腐蚀进行研究.测定了16Mn钢试样在各试验站的一年腐蚀率.观察了试样表面的腐蚀产物的宏观和微观的形貌,并通过EDS和XRD对腐蚀产物进行分析.结果表明,各地区的腐蚀率相差很大,其中巴盟地区腐蚀率最大为6.948 g/dm2.d.腐蚀产物主要是Fe3O4.     

2205双相不锈钢硫酸露点腐蚀性能的研究

利用实验室模拟硫酸露点腐蚀的试验方法对2205双相不锈钢的腐蚀行为进行研究,并与传统不锈钢316L和304进行对比。结果表明,腐蚀失重的方法对3种材质的腐蚀速率由快到慢排序为:304316L?2205,且2205双相钢的腐蚀深度为0.001 08mm/a,接近完全耐蚀材料等级。结合SEM、电化学工作站对3种试件的腐蚀形貌、电化学性能进行分析。2205双向钢的腐蚀表面无点蚀坑,仅存在很少的贫Cr区,同时2205双相钢的自腐蚀电流为0.574 6A/cm~2,明显低于316L和304不锈钢,自腐蚀电位为-68.4mV,较316L和304不锈钢高出了近300mV,同时2205双相钢的电荷转移电阻为2.2×10~4Ω/cm~2,约是316L的42倍,是304不锈钢的473倍。因此,3种材质中2205双向钢可以作为耐硫酸露点腐蚀的首选用钢。     

Susceptibility of two types of low-alloy hull steels to pit initiation

Four low-alloy hull steels with different alloy elements were selected. Their susceptibility to pitting corrosion was compared by means of electrochemical polarization test. The inclusions in the steels and their pitting corrosion characteristics were studied by an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results indicate that some inclusions are the main sources of pitting corrosion. The susceptibility of nickel-chromium steel to pit initiation is less than that of manganese steel. Under the same conditions, nickelchromium steel is easier to passivate than manganese steel, and the passive films on nickel-chromium steel surface are more stable than that on manganese steel. In low-alloy steels, the higher the contents of nickel and chromium, the lower the critical passive pH value. In the same kind of steel, multi-phase inclusions containing sulfide are easier to initiate pitting corrosion than other inclusions.     

Effects of deoxidizing degree on the pitting corrosion behavior of carbon and manganese steels

Nine steels with different deoxidizing degrees and two comparative steels were selected. Their pitting initiation susceptibility was compared by means of potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3wt% NaCl solution. The pit propagation rate was evaluated in artificial sea water and 3wt% sea salt solution by simulating occluded corrosion cell (SOCC) test and hanging plate test, respectively. The composition of inclusions and corrosive feature were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe mic...     

Incubation and development of corrosion in microstructures of low alloy steels under a thin liquid film of NaCl aqueous solution

Electrochemical measurement,optical microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of some low alloy steels.The steels were held under a thin liquid film of 0.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution.It is found that the steels with the same chemical composition but different microstructures exhibit obviously different corrosion behaviors.However,the corrosum behavior of the steels with different compositions but the same microstructures may be suuilar in the present investigation.The corrosion rate of bainite is slower than that of ferrite and pearlite.The corrosion products of bainite are uniform and fine.The size of carbon-rich phases produces a great impact on the corrosion of the steels,whether in the initial stage or in the long term It is easy to induce large pitting for carbon-rich phases with large size,which damages the compactness of the rust layer.     

高温高压含O2溴盐完井液中13Cr不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究

随着越来越复杂开发工艺的应用,油气田现场服役环境也变得更加复杂苛刻,一些现场操作环节（如井下回注CO2、回注采出水、药剂加注、环空注氮、管道试压、维修操作等）不可避免会将O2引入井下环境。O2的混入会导致井下管材发生不可预期的腐蚀风险,尤其对以13Cr不锈钢为代表的耐蚀油套管材,潜在局部腐蚀风险很高。针对溴盐完井液中O2混入导致井下管材腐蚀风险加剧的问题,本文采用高温高压腐蚀模拟实验,结合扫描电镜、能谱分析等微观表征手段,研究了高温高压含O2环境下不同浓度溴盐完井液中普通13Cr和超级13Cr两种典型不锈钢油套管材的腐蚀行为及机理。结果表明：在高温高压含O2溴盐完井液环境下,两种13Cr不锈钢的腐蚀速率均较高,尤其局部腐蚀速率;参照NACE PR-0775标准,普通13Cr在1.01 g?cm-3浓度的溴盐溶液中就已经属于严重腐蚀,并且随着溴盐质量浓度的升高,腐蚀程度不断加剧,在1.10 g?cm-3达到极严重腐蚀;当溴盐质量浓度达到1.40 g?cm-3时,两种材料的最大局部腐蚀速率均已超过5 mm?a-1;微观形貌分析结果表明,溴盐完井液中O2混入对13Cr不锈钢管材的耐蚀性能具有显著影响,这主要是由于O2混入降低了材料表面钝化膜的稳定性,点蚀萌生于材料基体表面致密富Cr钝化膜的破损处,向基体深部发展,蚀坑周边区域有大量腐蚀产物堆积,蚀坑与周边区域存在局部的电偶效应,进一步加速蚀坑的发展。     

Effect of Temperature and Cl~- Concentration on Pitting of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

The electrochemical behaviors of 2205 duplex stainless steel in NaCl solution with different temperatures and concentrations were studied by gravimetric tests, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experinental results show that temperature and chloride concentration have a great influence on the pitting resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steels. They not only effect the corrosion rate of pitting, but also change the shape of the pits. When NaCl solution was in low concentration and temperature below the critical pitting temperature, pits were very small and scattered with hemisphere-like shape. On the contrary, the pits of 2205 duplex stainless steel were large and sometimes had a lacy cover when the NaCl concentration was higher and the temperature was 70℃.     

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels(HNSS) were investigated by electrochemical and immersion testing methods in chloride solution,respectively.The chemical constitution and composition in the depth of passive films formed on HNSS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS).HNSS has excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel.With increasing the nitrogen content in steels,pitting potentials and critical ...     

三种不锈钢在含Cl^—衣康酸介质中的腐蚀行为

研究了３种不锈钢在衣康酸／氯化钠水溶液中的腐蚀和电化学特性并探讨了介质组成和温度的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,随衣康酸浓度,氯化钠浓度和温芳的提高,不锈钢的腐蚀速率、致钝电流密度和维钝电流密度也有所增大,不锈钢的点蚀电位与衣康酸介质中Ｃｌ＾－浓度的对数间存在线性关系;     

分维方法对碳钢土壤腐蚀行为的表征

碳钢土壤腐蚀规律涉及埋地管道的安全运行,受到高度重视。根据大量的碳钢土壤腐蚀数据样本,用分形理论研究平均腐蚀速度、点蚀深度、腐蚀坑深分布和坑直径分布等参数特征,比较它们的分维和无标度区。研究表明,在足够的平行试样、足够的腐蚀发展量及腐蚀发展时间下,相应腐蚀速度标准偏差分维、腐蚀坑深分布分维和腐蚀坑直径分布分维具有稳定性。分维值提供衡量腐蚀随机复杂程度的定量指标,如平行腐蚀试验和区域腐蚀试验的平均偏差分维分别等于1.34和1.4 9。并且经分维修正后的变异系数、点蚀系数成为衡量腐蚀特性的更通用参数。通过分维和它们自相似性(无标度区间)特性的研究,为揭示腐蚀机理及发展过程提供了参考。     

合金元素对铸造奥氏体不锈钢抗点蚀性能影响的研究

采用电化学动态法测定了五种铸造奥氏体不锈钢在含有Cl~-的介质中的点蚀规律。实验结果表明:介质中含有Cl~-会不同程度地降低五种钢的抗点蚀性能;合金元素Cr,Mo能提高钢的抗点蚀性能;高Cr,Mo的铸造合金有良好的抗点蚀性能。     

Corrosion behavior of tempered dual-phase steel embedded in concrete

Dual-phase(DP) steels with different martensite contents were obtained by appropriate heat treatment of an SAE1010 structural carbon steel,which was cheap and widely used in the construction industry. The corrosion behavior of DP steels in con-crete was investigated under various tempering conditions. Intercritical annealing heat treatment was applied to the reinforcing steel to obtain DP steels with different contents of martensite. These DP steels were tempered at 200,300,and 400°C for 45 min and then coo...