Polygon-based post-process motion blur

This paper discusses a three-pass raster motion-blur algorithm (and some generalizations) in the context of texture-mapped polygons and its application to blurring objects and surfaces made up of multiple polygons, which may move in different directions.     

Perception-based model simplification for motion blur rendering

Motion blur effects are important to motion perception in visual arts, interactive games and animation applications. Usually, such motion blur rendering is quite time consuming, thus blocking the online/interactive use of the effects. Motivated by the human perception in relation to moving objects, this paper presents simplified geometric models that enable to speedup motion blur rendering, which has not been tracked in motion blur rendering specifically. We develop a novel algorithm to simplify models with motion-aware, to preserve the features whose characteristics are perceivable in motion. We deduce the formula to outline the level of detail simplification by the object moving velocity. Using our simplified models, methods for motion blur rendering can achieve the rendering quality as using the original models, and obtain the processing acceleration mostly. The experimental results have shown the effectiveness of our approach, more acceleration with the larger models or faster motion (e.g. for the dragon model with over a million facets, the motion-blur rendering via hierarchical stochastic rasterization is sped up by over 27 times).     

Photo-consistent synthesis of motion blur and depth-of-field effects with a real camera model

Depth-of-field (DOF) and motion blur are important visual cues used for computer graphics and photography to illustrate focus of attention and object motion. In this work, we present a method for photo-realistic DOF and motion blur generation based on the characteristics of a real camera system. Both the depth–blur relation for different camera focus settings and the nonlinear intensity response of image sensors are modeled. The camera parameters are calibrated and used for defocus and motion blur synthesis. For a well-focused real scene image, DOF and motion blur effects are generated by post-processing techniques. Experiments have shown that the proposed method generates more photo-consistent results than the commonly used graphical models.     

Improved scheme of estimating motion blur parameters for image restoration

A motion deblurring algorithm is proposed to enhance the quality of restoration based on the point spread function (PSF) identification in frequency spectrum. An improved blur angle identification algorithm characterized by bilateral-piecewise estimation strategy and the membership function method is presented by formulating the edges of the central bright stripe. Subsequently, the subpixel level image generated with bilinear interpolation is employed in the blur length estimation by calculating the distance between two adjacent dark strips. Through comparison with the existing algorithms, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PSF estimation scheme could not only achieve higher accuracy for the blur angle and the blur length, but also produce more impressive restoration results. Furthermore, the robustness of our method is also validated in different noisy situations.     

Analysis,simulation, and evaluation of scrolling illumination as a method for reducing motion blur in LCOS projectors

Abstract— A high‐fidelity simulation of motion blurring in an LCOS projector was developed by using the measured temporal response of the projector. The simulation was validated for continuous and scanning illumination by comparison with results of motion‐blur measurements by using a pursuit camera. The simulation was then used to analyze and optimize duty cycle and phase parameters for scrolling illumination in the general case.     

基于能量估计的局部运动模糊检测

为了解决日常拍摄的图像或视频中普遍存在局部运动模糊导致信息丢失的问题,提出一种基于能量估计的局部运动模糊检测算法。该算法首先计算图像的Harris特征点,根据每个区域内的特征点分布筛选出备选区域;然后根据近单色区域梯度分布平滑的特点,通过计算备选区域的梯度分布并参照平均幅值阈值过滤掉大部分容易被误判的部分;最后根据运动模糊对图像能量衰减的特征对备选区域进行模糊方向估计,并计算模糊方向和与其垂直方向的能量,根据两个方向上能量的比值进一步去掉单色区域和散焦模糊区域。在图像库上的实验结果表明,所提算法能较好从存在近单色区域和散焦区域干扰的图像中检测出运动模糊区域,有效提高局部运动模糊检测的鲁棒性以及适应性。     

运动模糊图像的质量分析与评价

提出了一种新的图像质量评价标准,通过图像的运动模糊参数来估计出图像由于运动而造成的信息损失量,并通过信息损失的多少来评价图像的质量。实验表明,该方法能客观地体现出运动模糊图像的质量与运动模糊参数之间的关系,这种关系对于图像的质量评价特别是有参考条件下的图像质量评价具有良好的效果。同时还根据活动度和图像灰度梯度能客观地表示图像细节部分的特性。将图像分块,并从8个方向对图像进行分析,客观地评价出无参考条件下直线运动模糊图像的质量。     

利用拉氏算子鉴别运动模糊方向

提出一种新的鉴别运动模糊图像的运动模糊方向的方法,它利用拉氏算子对运动模糊图像进行无方向性的二阶微分,并求微分图像的自相关,发现自相关图像中数值较大的点(鉴别点)能够有效标示出运动模糊方向。选取适当数目的候选鉴别点,并利用聚类方法剔除其中的奇异点,得到鉴别点;过零频尖峰(自相关图像的中心点)画一条直线,计算各个鉴别点到该直线的距离,求距离和;改变直线方向,当距离和最小时,直线的方向即为运动模糊方向。数据实验表明,这一新的运动模糊方向鉴别方法,具有抗噪声能力强、适用范围广、计算量小、鉴别精度高、稳定性好的优点．     

混合特性正则化约束的运动模糊盲复原

目的 为了提高运动模糊图像盲复原清晰度,提出一种混合特性正则化约束的运动模糊盲复原算法。方法 首先利用基于局部加权全变差的结构提取算法提取显著边缘,降低了噪声对边缘提取的影响。然后改进模糊核模型的平滑与保真正则项,在保证精确估计的同时,增强了模糊核的抗噪性能。最后改进梯度拟合策略,并加入保边正则项,使图像梯度更加符合重尾分布特性,且保证了边缘细节。结果 本文通过两组实验验证改进模型与所提算法的优越性。实验1以模拟运动模糊图像作为实验对象,通过对比分析5种组合步骤算法的复原效果,验证了本文改进模糊核模型与改进复原图像模型的鲁棒性较强。实验结果表明,本文改进模型复原图像的边缘细节更加清晰自然,评价指标明显提升。实验2以小型无人机真实运动模糊图像为实验对象,通过与传统算法进行对比,对比分析了所提算法的鲁棒性与实用性。实验结果表明,本文算法复原图像的标准差提升约11.4%,平均梯度提升约30.1%,信息熵提升约2.2%,且具有较好的主观视觉效果。结论 针对运动模糊图像盲复原,通过理论分析和实验验证,说明了本文改进模型的优越性,所提算法的复原效果较好。     

Dynamic gamma: Application to LCD motion‐blur reduction

Abstract— A metric, “dynamic gamma,” to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic temporal response of an LCD device is proposed. Dynamic gamma, associated with 2‐D plots, is more suitable for quantitatively characterizing the dynamic characteristics of an LC panel. The dynamic gamma metric was applied to improve the temporal response of LCDs. From dynamic gamma data, overdrive tables can be derived. Dynamic gamma can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of overdrive. With a second‐order dynamic gamma, the performance of different overdrive algorithms can be quantitatively assessed. The dynamic gamma metric was also applied to backlight flashing and developed a time adaptive overdrive algorithm. The new algorithm reduces the ghosting artifact due to the timing mismatch between LCD driving and backlight flashing. Experimental results from a simulated tracking camera confirms the advantages of the new algorithm designed using dynamic gamma.     

Evaluation of liquid‐crystal‐display motion blur with moving‐picture response time and human perception

Abstract— The moving‐picture response time (MPRT) for measuring liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) motion blur was studied by several organizations in 2001. To determine the LCD motion blur that humans perceive, subjective evaluation experiments using the method of adjustment was conducted to find a strong correlation between perceived motion blur and extended blurred edge time (EBET) of the MPRT measurements. MPRT thus clearly indicates the degree of which humans perceive motion blur.     

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的旋转运动模糊不变量

目的 模糊图像的分析与识别是图像分析与识别领域的重要方向。有些图像形成过程中成像系统与物体之间存在相对旋转运动,如因导弹高速自旋转造成的制导图像的旋转运动模糊。大多数对于这类图像的识别都需要先对模糊图像进行“去模糊”的预处理,且该类方法存在计算时间复杂度较高及不适定的问题。对此,提出一种直接提取旋转运动模糊图像中的不变特征,用于旋转运动模糊图像目标检索和识别。方法 本文以旋转运动模糊的退化模型为出发点,提出了旋转运动模糊Gaussian-Hermite(GH)矩,构造了一组由5个对旋转变换和旋转运动模糊保持不变性的GH矩不变量组成的特征向量(rotational motion blur Gaussian-Hermite moment invariants, RMB＿GHMI-5),可从旋转变换和旋转运动模糊的图像中直接进行目标检索和识别,无需前置复杂的“去模糊”预处理过程。结果 在USC-SIPI(University of Southern California—Signal and Image Processing Institute)数据集上进行不变性实验,对原图进行不同程度的旋...     

Motion blur identification in noisy images using mathematical models and statistical measures

Motion blur is one of the most common blurs that degrades images. Restoration of such images is highly dependent on estimation of motion blur parameters. Since 1976, many researchers have developed algorithms to estimate linear motion blur parameters. These algorithms are different in their performance, time complexity, precision and robustness in noisy environments. In this paper, we have presented a novel algorithm to estimate linear motion blur parameters such as direction and length. We used Radon transform to find direction and bispectrum modeling to find the length of motion. Our algorithm is based on the combination of spatial and frequency domain analysis. The great benefit of our algorithm is its robustness and precision in noisy images. We used statistical measures to prove goodness of our model. Our method was tested on 80 standard images that were degraded with different directions and motion lengths, with additive Gaussian noise. The error tolerance average of the estimated parameters was 0.9° in direction and 0.95 pixel in length and the standard deviations were 0.69 and 0.85, respectively.     

Motion‐blur characterization on liquid‐crystal displays

Abstract— In this paper, several methods to characterize motion blur on liquid‐crystal displays are reviewed. Based on the assumptions of smooth‐pursuit eye tracking and one‐frame temporal luminance integration, a simple algorithm has been proposed to calculate the normalized blurred edge width (N‐BEW) and motion‐picture response time (MPRT) with a one‐frame‐time moving‐window function to LC temporal step response curves. A custom measurement system with a fast‐eye‐sensitivity‐compensated photodiode has been developed to characterize motion blur based on LC response curves (LCRCs). MPRT values obtained by using the algorithm mentioned above and those from the smooth‐pursuit‐camera methods agree. Perception experiments were conducted to validate the correspondence between the simulated results and actual perceived images by the human eyes. In addition, the insufficiency of MPRT to evaluate motion blur on impulse‐type light‐generation LCDs, by analyzing the measurement results of a scanning backlight LCD, is discussed.     

利用频谱特性鉴别运动模糊方向

点扩展函数(PSF)的精确估计是运动模糊图像恢复的关键。匀速直线运动模糊的PSF参数主要由模糊角度（方向）和模糊尺度两个参数组成,然而模糊角度的估计又是重中之重。针对R Lokhande等人提出的霍夫变换的运动模糊方向估计法进行改进,通过增加边缘检测等预处理步骤,利用霍夫变换检测直线,并利用改进的霍夫变换峰值提取方法来估计角度值。实验表明,该方法能够得到比原方法更精确的角度值,并且具有抗噪能力强、鉴别精度高的优点。     

运动模糊图像的PSF参数辨识

物体和成像系统之间的相对运动使图像产生运动模糊是最常见的图像降质原因之一,因此运动模糊参数的精确估计（模糊角度和模糊尺度）直接影响图像的去模糊效果。结合运动模糊图像的产生过程,利用Radon变换得到模糊角度,对图像倒频谱作进一步分析得到运动模糊尺度。实验结果表明,该算法简单有效,得到的运动模糊参数是比较准确的。     

High-speed human motion recovery employing back projection

This paper describes a novel technique for high-speed human motion recovery. For 3-D human motion recovery, stereoscopic vision is a normal technique, as well as the employment of a magnetic field, but this cannot avoid the difficulty of marker tracking. In this article, a novel motion recovery technique is proposed based on the back projection of silhouette images. This technique has some advantages over others because it does not employ markers, and it has a simple architecture. In the experiment performed, the proposed motion recovery technique is implemented on a system containing a LAN, a host computer, and four pairs of camera and computer, and it achieves high-speed human motion recovery. This work was presented in part at the 10th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 4–6, 2005     

应用运动模糊方法仿真铅笔画纹理

通过分析真实铅笔纹理的特点,提出了一种基于运动滤波器的仿真铅笔纹理的新方法.首先对用户输入的图像进行边缘检测,提取轮廓信息,然后对传统白噪声生成法进行改进,将参考图像由RGB色彩空间转换到HSV色彩空间,通过亮度值控制噪声点的产生几率,最后应用运动模糊方法代替传统的线积分卷积(LIC)方法模拟铅笔纹理,得到具有素描风格的结果图像.实验结果表明,该方法生成效果接近于手绘风格,且无需用户交互,适合于动画制作等很多领域的应用.     

RoboCup小型组比赛中多目标运动图像识别算法

由于隔行扫描摄像头采集的图像能产生运动模糊现象，因此采用隔行扫描摄像头的机器人足球比赛视觉子系统难以识别出场上的运动目标。在对航迹预测原理研究后，提出了多目标运动图像识别算法。该算法首先通过目标的当前位置预测目标下一周期的位置，在目标预测位置的区域内分别在奇数行和偶数行寻找目标像素，然后计算运动目标相邻两场之间水平方向和竖直方向的运动矢量，根据运动矢量采用插补方法进行去隔行处理，最后实现多目标同时识别。实验表明，采用这种方法能明显提高视觉系统对比赛中的运动目标的识别能力。     

H.223协议实时处理中透明码生成的快速算法及其实现

本文给出了一种基于软件实现的透明码生成的快速算法。字节是Ｃ语言中所能处理的最小数据单元，因而对字节的处理（包括存取、运算等）有着位处理无法比拟的优点。根据这一特点，该算法以字节为单位，通过查表方式，快速生成（和还原）透明码。从而避免了以位操作所带来的时间开销较大的缺点