Hydrogeological Model for Groundwater Prediction in the Shennan Mining Area,China

Coal mining can seriously affect groundwater systems in aquifers that overlie the coal seam, especially in dry and water-stressed areas where protection of groundwater resources is very important. Through generalization of the hydrogeological conditions and analysis of the actual groundwater flow field in a confined weathered bedrock aquifer overlying the Shennan mining area in northern Shaanxi, a hydrogeological conceptual model and numerical groundwater flow model were established. FEFLOW finite element software was used to solve the model and dynamic groundwater data were used to validate it. The study area was hydrogeologically modeled by repeatedly adjusting the parameters. The model was then used to simulate the effect of mining on the overlying aquifer based on the mining plan for the next 5 years by adjusting the quantity of water discharged, the hydrogeological parameters of the upper water-bearing zone, the characteristics of the groundwater flow field, and the predicted water balance after 5 years. The results show that the maximum drawdown could be as high as 50 m (northeast of the Zhangjiamao Mine). A cone of depression centered on the Ningtiaota, Zhangjiamao, and Hongliulin mines will be formed that will influence more than 75% of the simulation area.     

陕北榆神矿区煤层开采顶板涌水规律分析

榆神矿区是我国陕北煤炭基地的重要组成部分,针对榆神矿区煤层开采顶板覆岩含水层涌水规律研究不足等问题,通过系统分析地质与水文地质结构特征,将矿区开采煤层覆岩划分为松散孔隙、基岩与风化裂隙、烧变岩孔洞裂隙4个含水层组,以及主、亚2个隔水保护层组;根据煤层采动导水裂隙与覆岩含(隔)水层组不同组合关系下的含水层涌水特征,提出了浅埋煤层侧向直接涌水、中深煤层侧向与垂向复合涌水,以及深埋煤层侧向涌水与垂向弱涌水3种含水层涌水模式;并采用数值分析方法,以榆神矿区典型矿井为研究对象,构建了采煤工作面尺度上煤层开采3种模式涌水分析模型,模拟结果显示,浅埋煤层侧向直接涌水型(凉水井井田),主采煤层为4^-2煤层,采动导水裂隙直接发育至松散含水层,工作面顶部含水层被疏干,总涌水量为47 m³/h,地下水流场受采动影响大;深埋煤层侧向涌水与垂向微涌水型(小壕兔1号井田),主采煤层为1^-2煤层,采动导水裂隙发育至基岩含水层,总涌水量为21.87 m³/h,以侧向涌水为主,由于主、亚隔水层复合保护,垂向涌水微弱;中深煤层侧向与垂向复合涌水型(曹家滩井田),主采煤层为2^-2煤层(均厚约为11 m),在分层开采条件下导水裂隙发育至基岩含水层内部,其侧向涌水量为23.17 m³/h,垂向涌水量为12.67 m³/h,地表松散含水层地下水流场变化较小,在一次采全高条件下导水裂隙突破亚隔水层,发育至风化基岩含水层底部,总涌水量增至131 m³/h,对松散含水层影响较大。此外,当导水裂隙带高度小于180 m、不能沟通风化基岩含水层时,随导水裂隙带高度增加涌水量增加幅度不大,当导水裂隙带高度大于180 m、导水裂隙揭露富水性较好的风化基岩含水层时,涌水量增加幅度较大,由此可见,抑制导水裂隙发育高度与覆岩强含水层的接触关系,是控制煤层覆岩涌水的一项重要措施。     

Geochemistry,Hydraulic Connectivity and Quality Appraisal of Multilayered Groundwater in the Hongdunzi Coal Mine,Northwest China

This study assessed the geochemistry and quality of groundwater in the Hongdunzi coal mining area in northwest China and investigated the mechanisms governing its hydrogeochemistry and the hydraulic connectivity between adjacent aquifers. Thirty-four groundwater samples were collected for physicochemical analyses and bivariate analyses were used to investigate groundwater quality evolution. The groundwater in the mine was determined to be neutral to slightly alkaline, with high levels of salinity and hardness; most samples were of SO₄·Cl–Na type. Fluoride and nitrate pollution in the confined aquifers were identified, primarily sourced from coals. Natural geochemical processes, such as mineral dissolution, cation exchange, and groundwater evaporation, largely control groundwater chemistry. Anthropogenic inputs from agricultural and mining activities were also identified in both shallow unconfined aquifers and the deeper confined aquifers, respectively. It was determined that the middle confined aquifer has a high hydraulic connectivity with the lower coal-bearing aquifer due to developed fractures. Careful management of the overlying aquifers is required to avoid mine water inrush geohazards and groundwater quality deterioration. The groundwater in the mining area is generally of poor quality, and is unsuitable for direct human consumption or irrigation. Na⁺, SO₄^2?, Cl^?, F^?, TH, TDS, NO₃^?, and COD_Mn are the major factors responsible for the poor quality of the phreatic water, while Na⁺, SO₄^2?, F^?, and TDS are the major constituents affecting the confined groundwater quality. This study is beneficial for understanding the impacts of coal mine development on groundwater quality, and safeguarding sustainable mining in arid areas.     

Water and Sand Inrush During Mining Under Thick Unconsolidated Layers and Thin Bedrock in the Zhaogu No. 1 Coal Mine,China

Raising the upper boundary of coal mining under thick Cenozoic unconsolidated layers has brought new challenges to the prediction and prevention of water and sand inrush from overlying sand and gravel aquifers in north China. The mechanism of water and sand inrush was studied based on an incident that occurred at working face 11071 in the Zhaogu No. 1 coal mine, in Henan Province. Geological and hydrogeological investigations in overlying strata indicated that intersections of horizontal confined aquifers and inclined bedrock surfaces, defined as skylight areas, allow water and sand from the aquifers to enter the workings. Geotechnical and physical simulation tests on overlying strata showed that mining-induced fractures in weathered bedrock were gradually enhanced by water and sand flowing under high pressure, leading to inrush incidents at the working faces. The empirical formula for estimating the requisite size of coal and rock pillars were modified by incorporating a term for protective thickness under skylight areas. The modified formula was successfully applied to the extraction of neighboring faces, proving its applicability in coal mines with similar geological and hydrogeological conditions.     

神南矿区煤炭绿色开采的水资源监测研究

陕北毛乌素沙地地质环境脆弱,水资源贫乏,煤炭绿色开发已经成为陕北煤炭基地可持续健康发展的必然选择,而陕北煤炭基地大规模、高强度的煤炭开采对水资源的影响程度一直是煤炭绿色开采的重要考核指标之一。为了研究陕北煤炭基地以水资源监测为核心的绿色开采监测,完善该地区水资源监测网的内容,以神南矿区柠条塔煤矿、红柳林煤矿、张家峁煤矿3座大型现代化矿井为例开展了水资源监测研究,结果表明:神南矿区内的萨拉乌苏组和风化基岩组为中-强富水性含水层,烧变岩组为强富水性含水层,这3个岩组是区内的主要含水层,神南矿区针对区内不同含水层位共布置了60个监测钻孔,其中布置在萨拉乌苏组8个,烧变岩6个,风化基岩37个,直罗组基岩1个,延安组基岩8个。地下水监测数据通过自动监测系统的无线传输系统传输至数据中心,通过中心的监测管理软件实现数据的远程采集、远程实时监测。地表水监测则是在考考乌素沟上游及下游、肯铁令河、小侯家母河沟、塔沟、肯铁令沟、乌兰不拉沟及常家沟水库等地表水体各布置1个地表水监测点。通过以神南矿区60个地下水监测井、8个地表河流及泉监测点构成的水资源监测网为例,实施矿区水资源动态监控,以期为陕北煤炭基地煤炭绿色开采水资源监测提供借鉴。     

地面L型定向分支孔注浆加固煤层顶板厚风氧化带技术研究

针对薄基岩、厚风氧化带下综采工作面顶板压力大,易形成出水、压架事故的工程问题,采用一种新型L型定向分支孔结构对顶板厚风氧化带进行了地面预注浆,设计了合理的注浆参数和施工技术措施。工程实践结果表明：采用地面多渗透源的注浆方式加固顶板风氧化带,注浆压力大,改善了上覆围岩结构的力学行为,封堵了砂岩裂隙水和上部含水层的导水通道,配套高强液压支架,实现了安全回采,为同类地质条件下工作面开采提供了一种新的技术途径。     

Hydrochemical Analysis of Groundwater in Coastal Coal Mining Areas—A Case Study of the Liangjia Coal Mine,North China

To understand the hydrochemical characteristics and circulation pattern of groundwater in coastal coal mining areas, we analyzed 81 water samples from different water bodies in the Liangjia coal mine (LCM) area using multivariate statistical analysis and hydrochemical methods. The Quaternary groundwater (QW), accumulated water (AW) in the subsidence area, and mine water (MW) in the LCM all exhibit weakly alkaline to slightly saline water chemistry. The dominant cations and anions in the water are sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?), reflecting the influence of seawater intrusion. Some ions in QW, AW, and MW exhibited significant annual variations, but Na⁺ and Cl^? concentrations increased with time. The water samples were divided into four categories through cluster analysis: C1 and C2 (bedrock water samples), C3 (water samples prominently affected by seawater intrusion), and C4 (QW and AW in the surface subsidence area). According to the Piper diagram, QW and AW in the surface subsidence area mainly correspond to the Na?Cl type, whereas the MW mainly consists of Na?Cl and Na?HCO₃ types. Factor analysis revealed four main factors: seawater recharge, HCO₃-rich bedrock water, alkaline water, and Quaternary groundwater (QW) with eigenvalues of 4.18, 2.44, 1.22, and 1.19 respectively, which explained 81.98% of the original data information. The comprehensive results of hydrochemical analysis and mathematical statistics indicated that the recharge sources of MW in LCM include seawater, QW, AW, HCO₃-rich bedrock water, and mixed water. Based on regional hydrogeological conditions, a preliminary groundwater circulation model of the coastal coal mining area was constructed. Groundwater generally flows into the Bohai Sea from southeast to northwest, and coal mining has changed the original local groundwater runoff patterns and intensified seawater intrusion.

     

Impact of Mining Activities on Groundwater Level,Hydrochemistry, and Aquifer Parameters in a Coalfield’s Overburden Aquifer

Changes in groundwater level, hydrochemistry, and aquifer parameters were studied by following disturbances caused by tunnel excavation in a panel in the Ningtiaota coalfield, northwest China. Temporal changes of hydrochemical compositions were evaluated based on time-series hydrochemical data in three boreholes (J2, J13, and SK8). The time series of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage of aquifers were obtained using the water level response to Earth tides and long-term (from 2014 to 2019) hourly recorded water level data. The results showed that the concentrations of Ca²⁺, HCO₃^?, and TDS in groundwater in borehole J2 decreased sharply following underground tunnel excavation and recovered after six months. Back and forth changes also occurred in the hydrochemical types (HCO₃–Ca?→?HCO₃–Ca–Mg?→?HCO₃–Ca). The excavation caused changes in hydraulic conductivity (about 2 order of magnitudes) and groundwater level (about 3.2 m), possibly by unclogging fractures. This in turn caused hydrochemical changes, such as silicate dissolution and calcite precipitation, possibly due to inflow of dilute water from neighboring aquifers. After the disturbance, the concentrations of Ca²⁺, HCO₃^?, and TDS in groundwater gradually recovered as the aquifer and groundwater levels both tended to recover, possibly due to the reclogging of fractures. This study on the coupled evolution of hydrological processes could enhance our understanding of the effects of mining on aquifer systems.

     

榆神府矿区含水层富水特征及保水采煤途径

榆神府矿区地处毛乌素沙漠与黄土高原的接壤地带,生态环境脆弱,水资源匮乏,区内各主要含水层分布与富水性不均,含水层富水性及矿井涌水对煤矿生产影响差异较大,因此矿井水资源的综合利用与含水层的有效保护对煤矿生产与地区生态建设意义重大。通过分析萨拉乌苏组、烧变岩、风化基岩层等各主要含水层的形成、分布及富水特征,结合矿井首采煤层上覆基岩厚度与矿井目前涌水量情况,将区内生产矿井及待规划区域从"水资源保护与矿井水利用"角度划分为水量贫乏型、水量较丰富型、水量丰富型及地表水体型4种类型,并根据不同类型的分布特征进行了分区。在此基础上,针对不同的水资源保护与矿井水利用类型,分别提出了采空区存储净化、工业利用、农业灌溉、湿地建设和人工湖泊等具体的水资源保护与矿井水利用途径和措施。讨论了"保水采煤"的科学内涵,认为"保水采煤"的基本措施应当包括保护浅部主要含水层和矿井水资源利用两部分,即将"保水"与"用水"相结合,拓展了"保水采煤"的科学含义;建议在矿井规划时,应综合考虑开采损害影响与环境自身修复能力,在满足能源开采经济利益的同时,保证生态环境不发生质的破坏;提出了利用经济效益"反哺"当地生态和"绿色经济"建设的一点猜想,为矿区未来的规划建设提供了一定的参考意义。     

Evaluating Induced Fractures Between a Large Artificial Lake and an Aquifer-Coal Seam System: A Case Study in Tangshan Coal Mine,China

The hydrogeology of the Tangshan coal mine is extremely complicated. There are at least 20 major faults, with the offset exceeding 50 m. A large artificial lake was created where mining-induced subsidence occurred; it was filled with groundwater pumped from the adjacent aquifers near the coal seams. In addition, there are two nearby rivers that are also believed to have significant groundwater and surface water interactions. Both the river system and the large lake could be a potential threat to a new mining operation in the deep no. 5 coal seam. An in-situ hybrid packer system was designed to measure the thickness of the fracture zone and a 3-D hydrogeological model of the coal seam, associated aquifers, artificial lake, and surface water was established to simulate the groundwater flow field to evaluate the potential impact of induced fractures between the lake and the aquifers and coal seams. The results indicated that the lake has an insignificant impact on the aquifers and coal seams, though it does influence the shallow quaternary aquifer in the study area. Further study is suggested to monitor the groundwater and surface water interactions between the lake and the shallow aquifer system.     

毛乌素沙漠区广域适应型保水安全厚度计算及开采影响分区评价

毛乌素沙漠区多个近地表含水层支撑着区域生态环境、生产和生活,开展保水采煤研究势在必行。而"保水安全厚度"计算作为保水采煤研究的核心内容,由于各近地含水层的性质以及所处垂向位置的差异,导致了针对毛乌素沙漠区的保水安全厚度计算方法适用范围有限、缺乏统一性。通过分析毛乌素沙漠区内含隔水层在垂向和平面上的展布特征、水文地质性质,结合不同区域内的工程地质条件和开采方法,探讨了保水安全厚度的定义。将煤层之上地层划分为目标保护层、预测导水段(导水裂隙带发育段)和等效保水段(由有效黏土隔水层和基岩层组成的保水段)。利用水均衡法分析了黏土隔水层与基岩层间的保水性能关系,通过"保水比例系数"形成了黏土隔水层与基岩层间统一的等效保水段计算方法。建立了具有能够适用毛乌素沙漠区内"沙-基(岩)型开采区"、"沙-土-基(岩)型开采区"、"沙-土-洛(洛河组含水层)-基型开采区"、"烧变岩型开采区"等主要不同地质条件的保水安全厚度计算模型。根据导水裂隙带的发育高度与黏土隔水层、基岩层间的导通特征以及煤水间距与保水安全厚度的大小关系,制定了煤层开采影响的自然保水区、一般失水区和严重失水区的分区标准。并以榆神矿区小保当煤矿为例,应用建立的统一模型确定了小保当井田内砂-基型和砂-土-基型开采区内的保水安全厚度,并据此评价了煤层开采对潜水含水层的影响。所建立的保水安全开采厚度计算模型以及开采分区评价标准具有良好的适应性,也为保水采煤研究中有关保水安全厚度的计算和煤层开采对上覆含水层的影响评价提供了新思路。     

柠条塔矿区南翼S1210工作面涌水机制分析

柠条塔煤矿作为陕北矿区中开采侏罗系延安组煤层的矿井,涌水量一般不大,但2011年5月30日发生了涌水事故,查明涌水事故原因至关重要。通过地下水位观测、水文地质钻探等手段,进行了地面水文地质条件探查,总结了地表水系水位变化情况及地下水水位动态特征;结合现场放水试验、地下水连通试验,详细分析含隔水层特性,即含水层厚度、裂隙发育、富水性及变化规律。最终确定了涌水水源是工作面上覆侏罗系中统直罗组风化基岩裂隙承压水,涌水通道为西北部连续分布粗—中粒砂岩。     

浅埋煤层高强度开采覆岩(土)破坏演化及溃沙控制技术

随着我国煤炭资源的大规模和高效开采,薄基岩浅埋深的矿区常发生切冒、抽冒、台阶下沉,造成水资源和环境破坏严重。但是,赋存于萨拉乌苏组含水层下伏的连续黏土层的存在,使得基岩及其黏土隔水层组合结构下采动破坏规律不同于传统的基岩岩层,这将为防治矿井突水和实现保水采煤提供了条件。论文采用数值模拟和理论分析的方法,模拟了“黏土隔水层-基岩风化带-基岩”结构特征下不同黏土层与基岩厚度条件下覆岩(土)裂隙发育、顶板破断运动的基本特征,获得了浅埋深条件下采动覆岩(土)的破坏变异规律与发育高度,分析了溃沙的致灾因素和预测判据,并据此提出防治突水溃砂的技术手段。研究结果表明：浅埋煤层“沙土基型”覆岩(土)结构条件下,由于不同基岩与土层厚度的控制作用,使得覆岩(土)破坏发育高度和特征产生变异;水砂源、通道、动力源和空间是近松散含水层溃砂的主要致灾因素,并提出了预测溃沙发生的判据;可通过防止顶板切冒、含水砂层水头压力疏降、局部注浆固沙和合理留设防砂(塌)煤岩柱等技术控制浅埋煤层溃砂灾害发生。     

神府矿区大型水库旁烧变岩保水开采技术研究

神府矿区是我国重要的煤炭生产基地和典型的高强度开采矿区,同时也是我国典型的干旱半干旱生态环境脆弱区,烧变岩水是区内的主要地下水资源之一。为研究区内烧变岩水对采煤的影响和烧变岩水的保护问题,以张家峁井田首采区首采地段5-2煤开采为例,通过对水文地质结构系统和5-2煤顶板导水裂隙带的分析,查明了研究区的水资源类型和特征,确立了5-2煤保水开采对象,划分了5-2煤保水开采分区,提出了烧变岩注浆帷幕截流保水开采新技术。研究结果表明:研究区的水资源类型主要有6类,其中仅有4-2煤烧变岩水具有保水开采意义,5-2煤开采划分为4-2煤烧变岩水无水开采区和保水限采区。5-2煤保水限采区设计的帷幕墙空间形态、帷幕线位置及数量、注浆钻孔排间距及结构合理,制定的钻探和注浆施工工序和工艺科学,实施的双位双向引流注浆、烧变岩全断面分区注浆、防渗截流效果即时检验等注浆帷幕关键技术可行。保水限采区5-2煤工作面采前上覆4-2煤烧变岩水预疏放和采后工作面涌水量实测结果表明,保水限采区内4-2煤烧变岩水静储量约20 000 m3,动态补给量不足5 m3/h,注浆帷幕截流实现了帷幕内外4-2煤烧变岩水的有效隔离,大幅减少了4-2煤烧变岩水及与其有直接水力联系的常家沟水库水的排放,水资源保护性开采效果显著。     

榆神矿区浅埋煤层减水开采中预疏放标准确定方法

榆神矿区地处干旱半干旱地区,生态环境十分脆弱。疏放水是榆神矿区顶板水害防治的主要手段,但过度疏放不仅增加矿井排水负担,而且不利于保护浅层地下水资源。因此,在确保防治水安全的前提下,计算预疏放残余水头、确定预疏放阶段和回采阶段第四系松散含水层漏失量,从而实现总漏失量最小是煤炭减水开采中的重点研究问题之一。以榆神矿区锦界煤矿为例,在分析井田含、隔水层赋存特征的基础上,建立了煤层开采的2种充水模式,并对顶板含水层进行了富水性分区;以矿井涌水量实测数据为基础,分析了涌水量变化规律及其构成比例;采用Drain边界刻画多工作面连续回采内边界,建立了锦界煤矿采掘扰动条件下地下水流数值模型,研究了两种充水模式下预疏放残余水头在不同工况下的第四系松散含水层总漏失量变化规律,确定了工作面预疏放结束标准。结果表明:锦界煤矿煤层顶板为典型的沙(层)-土(层)-基(岩)型结构,主要充水水源为风化基岩水,主要充水模式为土层未缺失风化基岩充水型及土层缺失风化基岩和松散层混合充水型。采用GIS多元信息融合技术划分的井田富水性分区结果显示,相对强富水区位于井田二盘区局部地段、三盘区和四盘区大部分地段,与现场实际基本一致。矿井疏放水量与工作面回采残余涌水量曲线变化趋势基本一致,各占矿井涌水量的50%左右。通过数值模型计算得出两种充水模式下工作面预疏放结束标准为将充水含水层疏放至煤层底板以上15~20 m,保留一定的残余水头可进行回采,无需继续疏放。此时,第四系松散含水层水资源总漏失量最小,可起到减水采煤的作用。研究成果为榆神矿区浅埋煤层提供了“减水开采”的新思路。     

煤层开采对第四系松散含水层影响的研究

为了分析煤层开采对第四系松散含水层的影响,选择潞安矿区漳村矿为试验现场,通过浅部至深部煤层开采项板导水裂隙发育高度的理论分析、数值模拟和实际观测资料对比,研究采高6m,采动导水裂隙发育规律及对松散含水层的影响.结果表明:煤层埋深小于110 m区段,导水裂隙可突破第四系底部黏土隔水层而发育至第四系松散含水层,并对该含水层造成破坏;煤层埋深介于110～190 m区段,导水裂隙仅发育至基岩风氧化带,风化裂隙水可进入采场,对第四系底部松散含水层水影响较小;煤层埋深大于190 m区段,采动导水裂隙发育限制在完整基岩内,仅将顶板砂岩裂隙水引入采场.据此分析,漳村矿对采高6m、埋深大于190 m的中深部煤层的开采对第四系松散含水层几乎无影响.     

Practice and adaptable conditions classification of aquifer-protective mining in longwall coalface for shallow seam with thin bedrock

A set of adaptable conditions classification of aquifer-protective mining in the longwall coalface for shallow coal seams with thin bedrock was put forward to deal with the conflict between water protection and high efficiency for the mining field in west China. This classification was suitable for shallow coal seams with different thickness and was beneficial to the local environmental protection. Using the 3-Universal Distinct Element Code (3DEC) numerical software, the height of the fractured zones for shallow coal seams with thin bedrock was calculated and analyzed, and its predicting formula was achieved. Meanwhile, according to the lithology and the weathering degree of the shallow coal seam, the thickness of the protective layer was determined as 10 m and the overlying water body of loose water-bearing sand for shallow coal seams with thin bedrock was divided into three types, namely, weak, medium and strong. Based on these, the necessary bedrock thickness of the longwall coalface for shallow coal seams with thin bedrock was confined according to the different mining height and water yield nature of the overlying loose water-bearing sand. Combined with the present mining status, a set of new methods of adaptable conditions classification of aquifer-protective mining technology in the longwall coalface for shallow coal seams with thin bedrock was put forward.     

陕北沙漠区浅埋厚煤层开采潜水位及生态响应

煤炭开采造成上覆岩层破裂、移动,破坏了矿区含（隔）水层结构,改变了地表水及地下水循环演化状态,对浅表层生态环境造成严重影响,引发一系列环境地质问题。为深入研究沙漠地区厚煤层开采给潜水位及生态环境造成的影响,以毛乌素沙漠金鸡滩矿为例,对水文地质条件进行了研究,采用数值模拟的方法,模拟了沙漠区厚煤层开采潜水位的变化,并通过采动潜水位监测数据验证了预测结果。调查分析了研究区及周边地表生态环境现状,预测采后潜水位基本满足植物生长需求,对生态环境影响不大。     

小保当井田基岩风化带含水层富水性分析

在陕北侏罗系煤田中,除着重分析萨拉乌苏组含水层富水性之外,大面积的基岩风化带也是防治水工作的重中之重。为做好疏放水工作,预防突水事故的发生,在梳理分析井田水文地质资料、区域构造、前人研究结论及区内风化带厚度、岩性、风化程度等的基础上,结合瞬变电磁勘探解释成果,以小保当井田部分勘查区为例,对其基岩风化带含水层的富水性进行了综合分析。初步圈定了区内基岩风化带富水异常区,并借鉴区内其他含水层富水性统一得出趋势结论。总结了风化岩特征及富水性影响因素后,结合其他含水层富水情况,发现本区基岩风化带的富水性为弱-中等,在测区西南部、东北部富水性较强,对开采工作有一定的影响,该研究成果可以为煤层开采过程中的疏放水工作提供一定的指导。     

巨厚煤层开采覆岩含水层破坏模拟——以准东大井矿区为例

本文针对准东矿区巨厚煤层典型赋存特征,以大井矿区为研究对象,通过识别覆岩关键层及含水层,采用UDEC数值模拟方法,建立大井矿区巨厚煤层开采覆岩力学模型,对不同开采方法覆岩含水层破坏进行了模拟研究。结果表明:研究区覆岩关键层分为4层、覆岩含水层共2层;开采厚度相同时,大采高开采覆岩下沉量、裂隙带发育高度及开采对含水层的扰动影响均大于放顶煤开采;采高24m,推进长度为300m时,导水裂隙已发育至含水层Ⅱ;主关键层对覆岩位移、裂隙分布及开采对含水层的扰动影响起关键作用。