卒中患者偏瘫侧肩关节病变的高频超声诊断

目的 探讨高频超声诊断卒中患者偏瘫侧肩关节病变,分析偏瘫侧肩痛的可能病因,为进一步治疗提供依据.方法 选择首次发病的卒中偏瘫患者93例,进行肩关节高频超声检查,分为肩痛组和无肩痛组,比较两组肩关节病变情况.同时应用改良Ashwonh评分及Brunnstrom评分分别评定上肢肌张力及其运动功能.结果 93例中,超声发现异常75例,占80.7％,主要病变包括肩袖损伤(25例),滑囊炎、滑囊积液(31例),肩关节半脱位(28例),肱二头肌长头腱及腱鞘病变(50例).两组比较,在肩袖损伤,肩关节半脱位,滑囊炎、滑囊积液,肱二头肌长头腱及腱鞘积液的发病率上有统计学差异(x2=8.67,P＜0.01;x2=6.99,P＜0.01;x2 =13.44,P＜0.01;x2 =3.87,P＜0.05),两组在年龄、性别、偏瘫侧、中风类型、病程、上肢肌张力和上肢运动功能评分等均无统计学差异.结论 高频超声可用于诊断卒中患者偏瘫侧肩关节的病变,为指导康复治疗提供依据.     

预防性护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者肩手综合征的作用

目的：探索研究针对脑卒中偏瘫患者予以肩手综合征预防性护理的作用和效果。方法将收治的脑卒中偏瘫患者实施分组研究,对照组均予以常规护理,研究组均同时予以预防性护理。结果同对照组相比,研究组的肩手综合征发病率明显偏低,其疼痛及水肿情况也明显偏低,而Fugl－Meyer评分则明显偏高（ P＜0.05）。结论针对脑卒中患者进行预防性护理,能够有效降低肩手综合征发生率。     

应用LARS人工韧带行喙锁韧带重建术治疗急性肩锁关节脱位早期临床效果分析

目的:分析应用LARS人工韧带行喙锁韧带重建术的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析了中日友好医院从2017年2月至2019年2月期间应用LARS人工韧带行喙锁韧带重建术治疗急性肩锁关节脱位共23名患者,其中男性17例,女性6例,平均年龄47.6±11.8岁,平均受伤至手术时间7.3±6.5天,根据Rockwood肩锁关节脱位分型Ⅲ型17例,Ⅳ型1例,Ⅴ型5例。在术前及术后12月随访时对患者进行疼痛VAS评分、Constant-Murley评分,通过术前、术后即刻及术后12月X线测量喙锁间隙评估肩锁关节复位及维持情况。详细记录相关并发症。结果:所有患者均完成不短于12月的随访,平均随访时间21.0±5.8月。VAS评分由术前的6.5±1.4分降至术后的0.5±0.7分,Constant-Murley评分由术前的50.3±9.4分改善至术后的94.7±5.2分,喙锁间隙由术前的15.8±4.0 mm减小至术后12月的8.5±2.2 mm,均具有统计学意义。术后12月随访时18例肩锁关节复位维持良好,4例复位少量丢失,1例复位完全丢失。并发症方面,2例术中应用螺钉固定时出现锁骨纵向劈裂,无移位,1例...     

内固定结合喙锁韧带重建治疗重度肩锁关节脱位41例

2002年1月～2005年12月,我们采用锁骨钩钢板内固定结合喙锁韧带重建术,共治疗急性重度肩锁关节脱位（Allman Ⅲ型）41例,疗效满意。现报告如下。     

MR 3D-FIESTA序列在显示肩关节周围韧带的价值

目的:探讨磁共振3D-FIESTA序列对正常肩关节周围韧带的显示能力.方法:对30例健康志愿者的双侧肩关节行MR不同序列的扫描.3D-FIESTA序列图像进行多平面重组,观察其周围韧带.分别测量脂肪、肌腱的信号强度及背景信号强度标准差,计算肌腱与脂肪的对比噪声比(CNR),比较3D-FIESTA序列与常规T1WI、PDWI,T2WI脂肪与肌腱的CNR.由两名主治医师观察3D-FIESTA轴位与T1WI轴位、3D-FIESTA重建图像与PDWI斜冠状位图像对喙肩韧带、喙锁韧带、喙肱韧带的显示效果.结果:3D-FIESTA序列上脂肪与肌腱的CNR与T1WI无差异(P=0.295),而高于T2WI和PDWI,P值分别为0.000、0.000.3D-FIESTA序列轴位图像显示喙肩韧带优于常规序列,多平面重组图像显示喙肩韧带;喙锁韧带;喙肱韧带优于常规序列.结论:3D-FIESTA序列图像可以清楚显示喙肩韧带、喙锁韧带及喙肱韧带,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

喙锁韧带重建与锁骨钩钢板治疗RockwoodⅢ型肩锁关节脱位手术效果比较

目的对比研究喙锁韧带重建与锁骨钩钢板治疗RockwoodⅢ型肩锁关节脱位手术效果。方法回顾性分析2013年3月~2015年2月收治的36例RockwoodⅢ型创伤性肩锁关节脱位患者的临床资料,其中男性27例,女性9例;年龄19~32岁,平均24.7岁。18例行喙锁韧带带袢钢板(Endobutton)重建手术治疗(A组),18例行锁骨钩钢板手术治疗(B组)。对两组患者手术时间、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分方面进行比较分析。结果两组患者平均手术时间分别为(59±4)min(A组)、(54±6)min(B组),两组间差异没有统计学意义(P=0.596);术后VAS分别为(1.8±0.7)分(A组)、(1.5±1.1)分(B组),差异无统计学意义(P=0.612);术后12周患者ConstantMurley肩关节功能评分分别为(91±3.7)分(A组)、(83±6.2)分(B组),B组患者的肩关节功能评分较A组低,两组间评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。结论采取Endobutton悬吊重建喙锁韧带功能,固定肩锁关节脱位,更好地恢复了肩锁关节作为微动关节的生物力学及运动轨迹,未增加手术时间及导致创伤,肩关节功能恢复良好,较锁骨钩钢板是一种更理想的手术方式。     

自体半腱肌重建喙锁韧带联合锁骨钩钢板固定肩锁关节脱位的近期疗效观察

对32例RockwoodⅢ型以上的肩锁关节脱位病例进行回顾性研究,术后根据Constant-Murley评分及影像学评估临床疗效。32例患者获随访时间12-26个月。末次随访时Constant-Murley评分平均为(93.25±2.68)分,优27例,良4例,一般1例,优良率96.9%。术前测量肩关节正位片喙锁间隙距离平均为(14.32±1.72)mm,术后1d(8.12±0.36)mm,术后6个月(8.28±0.33)mm,术后12个月(8.42±0.46)mm。自体半腱肌重建喙锁韧带联合锁骨钩钢板固定肩锁关节脱位,取得了满意的近期临床效果。     

喙肱肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位的解剖学基础

用31侧常规防腐成人上肢标本,对喙肱肌腱的形态及喙突的局部结构进行解剖学观测;测量34例锁骨干骨的有关数据;2侧标本行摹拟手术实验。结果：喙肱腱长（87±1．6）cm,喙突尖至锁骨最近距离为（2．4±0．5）cm,喙突尖至锁骨后峰端（43±0．4）cm,喙突粗隆处的锁骨及锁骨肩峰端厚度均为（1．0±0．2）cm。提示,设计橡防肌肤转位修复肩锁关节脱位具有可行性。     

不同步速下脑卒中患者偏瘫侧与健康者对照侧下肢肌肉活动差异

目的:探讨不同速度步行时,脑卒中患者偏瘫侧与健康者对照侧下肢主要肌肉活动持续时间、复杂度、平均肌电值、平均功率频率等指标的差异,为偏瘫患者功能性恢复训练提供理论依据。方法:10名缺血性脑卒中男性患者(左侧偏瘫6名,右侧偏瘫4名),10名健康者。以0.2 m/s及0.4 m/s步速直线行走,采集患者偏瘫侧及相应健康者同侧股直肌、股二头肌、胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌的肌电信号,对数据运用matlab、mega-win及spss软件结合TKE算子进行处理。统计采用双因素方差分析及t检验。结果:以0.2 m/s及0.4m/s步速行走时,与健康者相比,在摆动期内患者胫骨前肌及内侧腓肠肌活动持续时间延长(P<0.01),在第一次双侧支撑期内内侧腓肠肌活动持续时间延长(P<0.01),在单侧支撑期内内侧腓肠肌活动时间缩短(P<0.05)。以0.2 m/s步速行走时,患者胫骨前肌、股直肌的复杂度降低(P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中患者下肢某些由步速引起的肌肉活动现象消失,在临床功能性康复训练及治疗中,可针对脑卒中患者下肢肌肉活动的特征性变化制定相应的手段或方法,加强慢速康复动作中胫骨前肌及股直肌的规律性恢复训练,可进一步提升患者步行稳定性。     

Long-term results after resection of the coracoacromial ligament for shoulder impingement in athletes

The impingement syndrome with shoulder pain is a well known problem in many sports, such as swimming. Anterior acromioplasty or only resection of the coracoacromial ligament have been used for the patients who do not respond to noninvasive therapy. In this retrospective study, the long-term results after resection of the coracoacromial ligament were evaluated. Of 30 operated patients, 25 were examined on average 4 years after surgery. Almost all were active athletes at the elite professional level (national team) or the league competitive level. Their mean age was 23 years at the time of the operation and the dominant symptom was shoulder pain on effort. At follow-up 21 (84%) were judged as excellent or good and 4 (16%) as fair or poor. Resection of the coracoacromial ligament without acromioplasty is a simple surgical procedure and a useful solution to an otherwise therapy-resistant impingement shoulder pain in athletes.     

Deformation of coracoacromial ligament during overhead movement as an early indicator of subacromial impingement in elite adolescent badminton players

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Deformation of the coracoacromial ligament during overhead movement has been linked to shoulder pathologies such as impingement and rotator cuff tear. We, therefore, explored this relationship in a group of elite adolescent badminton players.

Method: We performed bilateral shoulder physical and ultrasonographic examination in 35 adolescent asymptomatic badminton players, 13 players with unilateral shoulder pain, and 15 non-athletes of similar age. Coracoacromial ligament deformation, defined as the maximal vertical distance between the ligament apex to a line connecting the acromion and coracoid process, was measured during shoulder abduction and internal rotation and compared within and between groups. Other ultrasonographic measurements and the incidence of shoulder pathologies were also evaluated.

Result: Among badminton athletes who reported dominant shoulder pain, coracoacromial ligament deformation was significantly larger in their dominant shoulder than in their non-dominant shoulder (3.5 and 2.0 mm, respectively; p = 0.013); this difference was not present in other groups. Regardless of the presence or absence of pain, athletes displayed more coracoacromial ligament deformation and increased supraspinatus tendon thickness in their dominant shoulder than did the control group. Abnormal ultrasound findings were noted in all groups; however, the incidence was not significantly different.

Conclusion: Increased coracoacromial ligament deformation during overhead movement is associated with shoulder pain in elite adolescent badminton players. Our findings may help clinicians identify athletes at risk of subacromial impingement syndrome.     

高频超声测量前交叉韧带厚径与前交叉韧带损伤的相关性

 目的 探讨应用高频超声测量前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)厚径与ACL损伤的相关性。方法 选择单侧非接触性ACL损伤现役男性军人患者30例为ACL损伤组,另选择现役男性健康军人30名为对照组。应用高频超声测量ACL胫骨止点端厚径,ACL损伤组检查健侧ACL,对照组检查双侧ACL。对比分析对照组左侧、右侧ACL厚径,再对比分析ACL损伤组健侧、对照组ACL厚径。结果 对照组左侧、右侧ACL厚径分别为(8.11±0.64)mm、(8.03±0.61)mm,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。ACL损伤组健侧ACL厚径为(6.25±0.37)mm,小于对照组(8.07±0.61) mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ACL厚径小会增加ACL损伤的风险,高频超声测量ACL厚径可作为一项评估ACL损伤风险的筛查指标。     

正常前交叉韧带高频超声和MRI测量对照分析

 目的 探讨应用高频超声测量前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)厚径的可行性及准确性。方法 选择2015-01至2015-09现役男性军人健康志愿者30名,分别应用高频超声及MRI测量右膝关节ACL胫骨止点端厚径。对比分析两名不同医师应用高频超声测量ACL厚径的结果,再对比分析应用高频超声及MRI测量ACL厚径的结果。结果 两名医师应用高频超声测量ACL厚径具有较好的一致性及可重复性,其组内相关系数ICC=0.934,95%区间为(0.867,0.968);使用Bland-Altman法分析:两位医师测量ACL厚径差值(mm)均值为-0.04,95%区间为(-0.55,0.47)。应用高频超声与MRI测量ACL厚径具有较好的一致性,提示两种方式是可替代的;其组内相关系数ICC=0.914,95%区间为(0.822,0.959);使用Bland-Altman法分析:应用高频超声与MRI测量ACL厚径差值(mm)均值为0.04,95%区间为(-0.62,0.70)。结论 高频超声可作为测量膝关节ACL厚径的常规方法。
     

Transcranial ultrasound analysis of cerebral blood flow during induced hypertension in acute ischemic stroke - a case series

Background

Current recommendations of stroke treatment favour a moderately elevated blood pressure in the acute phase, based on the concept of an improved cerebral perfusion. Here, cerebral blood flow was assessed in a case series of patients with acute hemodynamic stroke by means of transcranial colour-coded sonography (TCCS) to study the effects of pharmacologically induced hypertension.

Findings

We investigated six patients with acute hemodynamic stroke and blood pressure-dependent clinical fluctuation of neurological symptoms. TCCS was performed during the initiation phase of catecholamine-induced controlled hypertension. A blood pressure-dependent increase of flow velocity in the ipsilesional middle and the posterior cerebral artery was found in all patients (mean increase 0.80% and 0.65% per mmHg, respectively).

Conclusions

Catecholamine-induced hypertension in severe hemodynamic stroke leads to an ultrasound-detectable rise of cerebral blood flow. This finding gives ‘proof-of-principle’ evidence, supporting active blood pressure management in this selected group of stroke patients. Outcome-related questions of target blood pressure, treatment duration or applicability to other forms of stroke, however, remain to be studied. In this, transcranial ultrasound may be a valuable tool for patient selection and subsequent bedside monitoring.     

Ankle Dorsiflexion displacement is associated with hip and knee kinematics in females following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between ankle dorsiflexion (ankle-DF) displacement and knee and hip kinematics and kinetics during a jump-landing task in females following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Females (n = 23) with a history of unilateral ACLR (≥ 6-months post-ACLR) underwent a three-dimensional lower extremity biomechanical evaluation. Pearson Product Moment (r) correlations assessed associations between ankle-DF displacement and knee and hip kinematic and kinetic variables. On the involved-limb, individuals with lesser ankle-DF displacement demonstrated greater knee abduction displacement during the loading phase (r = -0.645, p = 0.001). On the uninvolved-limb, individuals with greater ankle-DF displacement demonstrated greater hip flexion displacement (r = 0.599, p = 0.003) and knee flexion displacement (r = -0.545, p = 0.007). There were no other significant associations between ankle-DF displacement and ankle, knee, or hip biomechanical variables on either limb (p > 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that reduced ankle-DF motion appears to share a different relationship between the involved- and uninvolved-limbs in females post-ACLR.     

Kinematic strategies for obstacle-crossing in patients with isolated posterior cruciate ligament deficiency

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) plays an important role in the structural stability and sensory feedback at the knee. Altered structural and proprioceptive function at the PCL-deficient knee may affect the joint motions and the end-point control during functional activities. The current study identified the effects of unilateral PCL deficiency (PCLD) on the end-point control and joint kinematics of the lower limbs during obstacle-crossing. Eighteen patients with unilateral PCLD and eighteen healthy controls were each asked to walk and cross obstacles of heights of 10%, 20% and 30% of their leg lengths, with the affected and the unaffected limb leading, while their kinematic data were measured. Patients with PCLD were found to cross obstacles with significantly increased toe-clearance (p < 0.01), increased trailing toe-obstacle distance (p < 0.05) and reduced crossing speed (p < 0.01) when compared to the controls. Similar end-point control was observed in the PCLD group whether leading with the affected or unaffected limb, which appears to be as a result of bilateral kinematic accommodation to reduce the risk of tripping. To achieve similar toe-clearances, crossing strategies with the unaffected limb leading involved angular changes at more joints than those with the affected limb leading. The PCLD group appeared to adopt a conservative strategy to reduce the risk of tripping over the obstacle during obstacle-crossing, using different joint kinematic changes depending on whether the affected or unaffected limb was leading. It is suggested that monitoring of the kinematic strategies adopted by patients with PCLD during obstacle-crossing may be needed in future rehabilitation programs with the aim of reducing tripping risks during obstacle-crossing.     

Atypically thick and high location of the Wrisberg ligament in patients with a complete lateral discoid meniscus

The purpose of this study was to document the relationship between a discoid lateral meniscus and a thickened Wrisberg ligament with a higher location on the medial femoral condyle.Between July 2002 and February 2006, 100 consecutive patients who had a complete lateral discoid meniscus and another 100 patients without a discoid lateral meniscus (control group) were included. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed all of the magnetic resonance images, paying particular attention to the presence and thickness of the Wrisberg ligament and the location of the attachment of the Wrisberg ligament to the medial femoral condyle (types I, II, or III). We assumed that type I Wrisberg ligaments had a higher location.All 141 patients had a Wrisberg ligament (71%). There were 73 patients (73%) in the discoid group and 68 patients (68%) in the non-discoid group. The mean thickness of the Wrisberg ligament in the patients in the discoid and non-discoid groups was 2.1 mm (range, 0.4-4.7 mm; median, 2.1 mm) and 1.6 mm (range, 0.4-4.5 mm; median, 1.3 mm), respectively. The Wrisberg ligaments of the discoid group were thicker than the non-discoid group (p = 0.0002). The Wrisberg ligament was attached to the upper part of the medial femoral condyle in the discoid group more often than in the non-discoid group (p < 0.0001).     

Predicting anterior cruciate ligament integrity in patients with osteoarthritis

This study looks at the difference between the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in a sample of 55 consecutive patients admitted for routine total knee replacement for osteoarthritis. At the time of surgery the macroscopic appearance of the ACL was classified as normal, moderately damaged (fissured) or completely ruptured. The excised ACL was sent for histological examination and grading. The macroscopic appearance of the ACL at surgery was compared to the severity of disease on microscopic examination. At surgery, 31 ACLs were found to be macroscopically normal: 22 of these (71%) showed moderate to severe disease on microscopic assessment. Thus a macroscopically normal ACL does not necessarily imply histological integrity. This has clinical implications in other areas of knee surgery including Unicompartmental Knee Replacement which require a fully functional intact ACL.