预膨胀法制备有机粘土/NBR纳米复合材料力学性能与微观结构的研究

采用预膨胀法制备有机粘土/丁腈橡胶（NBR）纳米复合材料,研究了预膨胀剂丙烯酸不同用量和其在有机粘土中不同质量分数对复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。结构表明,丙烯酸用量为1g有机粘土/4mL丙烯酸和其在有机粘土中的质量分数为30%时,所制备的有机粘土/NBR纳米复合材料各方面性能达到最优。     

有机粘土/NBR纳米复合材料的微观结构与性能

试验研究几种起始层间距不同的有机粘土及制备方法对有机粘土/NBR纳米复合材料微观结构和物理性能的影响.结果表明:有机粘土/NBR纳米复合材料中有机粘土的层间距较其起始层间距增大;与熔体法相比,预膨胀法制备的有机粘土/NBR纳米复合材料的物理性能较好,复合材料中有机粘土的分散尺寸更小,分散相态更加细致、均匀.     

阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配改性粘土/橡胶纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用阴离子表面改性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)与阳离子表面改性剂十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(STAB)复配改性粘土,制备有机粘土/橡胶纳米复合材料,考察其结构和性能。结果表明:当SDS/STAB质量比为2/4时,有机粘土/丁腈橡胶(NBR)纳米复合材料的综合物理性能最优,STAB的有机阳离子取代无机粘土层间可交换的阳离子,SDS通过碳-氢键与无机粘土层间非极性较强的质点发生范德华力及离子静电吸附作用,获得晶层间距更大的有机粘土;与非极性的丁苯橡胶和天然橡胶相比,极性的NBR使粘土的远程聚集趋势减小和界面吸附作用增强,相应复合材料的物理性能增幅更大。     

有机蒙脱土/NR/NBR纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用乳液法和机械共混法制备有机蒙脱土(OMMT)/NR/NBR复合材料,并对其微观结构、物理性能、动态力学性能和耐油性能进行研究.结果表明:大多数OMMT片层以纳米尺寸均匀分散在NR基体中;随着OMMT用量的增大,OMMT/NR/NBR复合材料物理性能和耐油性能提高;与NR /NBR并用胶相比,OMMT/NR/NBR纳米复合材料具有更低的滚动阻力.     

有机粘土/聚烯烃弹性体纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔体插层法制备有机粘土/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)纳米复合材料,研究有机粘土起始片层间距及用量对复合材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明:POE分子链插层进入有机粘土片层之间形成插层结构,并且有机粘土起始层间距越大,所制备纳米复合材料的物理性能越好.随着有机粘土用量的增大,有机粘土/POE纳米复合材料物理性能逐渐提高.     

水滑石/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用乳液复合法制备水滑石(LDHs)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)纳米复合材料,并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明:复合材料中LDHs均匀分散在NBR基体中;与NBR胶料相比,LDHs/NBR复合材料的物理性能和气体阻隔性能明显提高;当LDHs/NBR用量比为1/20且LDHs用量为1份时,LDHs/NBR复合母胶/溴化丁基橡胶并用胶的气体阻隔性能较好。     

椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱改性粘土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAB）对粘土进行改性,制备改性粘土/丁腈橡胶（NBR）纳米复合材料,并对其结构与性能进行研究。结果表明：改性后的粘土层间距增大,NBR与改性粘土形成了有序插层型纳米复合材料,不同种类的有机粘土在橡胶基体中均达到纳米分散;随着CAB用量的增大,改性粘土在橡胶基体中的分散变好,填料网络结构增强,复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、撕裂强度增大,定伸应力变化不大;与有机粘土I.30P和I.44P相比,当粘土阳离子交换容量与CAB的摩尔比为1∶5时,改性粘土对NBR的补强效果最佳。     

熔体法OC/IIR/EPDM纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用机械共混法制备有机粘土(OC)/IIR/EPDM纳米复合材料,并对其结构和性能进行研究.试验结果表明:采用机械共混法制备的OC/IIR/EPDM复合材料为插层型纳米复合材料;IIR与EPDM具有良好的相容性;当OC用量为30份、IIR/EPDM并用比为50/50时,OC/IIR/EPDM纳米复合材料的气密性能和物理性能较好.     

淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料的制备与吸水性能研究

运用乳液共沉法制备淀粉/NBR复合物,通过氢氧化钠和丙烯酸的中和反应,在NBR中原位合成丙烯酸钠(NaAA),制备淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料,并对复合材料物理性能和吸水性能进行研究。结果表明,与直接添加NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料相比,原位合成NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料物理性能较好,吸水性能较差;随着浸水时间延长和浸水温度升高,直接添加NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料吸水体积膨胀率增大,原位合成NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料吸水体积膨胀率先增大后减小,前者吸水性能较好。     

OMMT/NBR纳米复合材料结构与性能的研究

采用熔体插层法制备有机蒙脱土（OMMT）／NBR纳米复合材料，并对其微观结构及性能进行研究。结果表明，采用熔体法制备的OMMT／NBR复合材料，NBR大分子链插入OMMT片层中，OMMT在NBR基体中呈纳米级分散;与未加OMMT的NBR硫化胶相比，OMMT／NBR纳米复合材料的物理性能明显改善，相同剪切变形下的OMMT／NBR纳米复合材料的储能剪切模量较大；随着OMMT用量的增大，OMMT／NBR纳米复合材料的物理性能提高。     

镍在有机合成反应中的应用

有机镍化合物作为重要的催化剂,在有机合发反应中有着广泛的应用.近年来有机镍化学发展十分迅速.本文全面综述了有机镍化合物在有机合成中的应用.     

有机肥料中有机质测定方法的探讨

重铬酸钾容量法是测定有机肥料中有机质较好的方法。根据实践经验,介绍了该法检测时应注意的几点问题。     

有机概念和有机化妆品认证

本文描述了有机及有机化妆品的概念；有机食品、绿色食品及无公害食品的差别；有机化妆品认证过程，不同国家对有机化妆品的标准、法律法规等     

有机铝化合物在有机合成中的应用

有机铝化合物因其产量大、价廉，作为有机金属化合物反应性高，因此在有机合成中应用广泛。本文对有机铝化合物的应用及发展作一简略概述。     

有机肥料中有机质检测影响因素探讨

有机肥料在农作物生长过程中起着非常重要的作用。通过合理施加有机肥料,可以有效提升土壤肥力,提高农作物的产量和品质。土壤中有机质的含量是判断土壤肥力的重要依据。所以,在农业种植中要特别重视测定有机肥料中有机质的含量。作为检测有机质的一线人员,在检测过程中发现采用不同的标准、方法都会对检测结果产生影响。主要分析了有机肥料中有机质的检测方法以及应该注意的事项。     

有机电化学合成

有机电化学合成具有许多优点,近二十年来,有关有机电化学合成的研究和工业应用进展迅速,已成为一门新的热点学科。对有机电化学合成工艺、分类、研究内容、研究进展和一些有待研究解决的问题进行综述     

Using Fractionated Natural Organic Matter to Quantitate Organic Byproducts of Ozonation

An improved procedure was used to isolate and fractionate natural organic matter (NOM) in water for subsequent ozonation and disinfection by-product (DBP) and color removal quantisation. Isolated NOM fractions from two different sources, accounting for approximately 50 to 60% of the dissolved organic material and 60 to 75% of the color, were characterized and then ozonated under conditions approximating those encontered during drinking water treatment. The natural waters also were ozonated. Organic DBPs of either health concern or which may contribute to biological instability of finished water were investigated, including aldehydes, oxoacids and low molecular weight carboxylic acids. pH and ozone dosage were the parameters having the greatest effect on DBP formation. On the basis of UV absorbance measurements, the fulvic acid fractions studied taken together accurately represented the natural water and may be the primary sources of precursor material for aldehydes and oxoacid DBPs. However, as yet unidentified NOM fractions contribute significantly to carboxylic acid formation upon ozonation.     

Adsorption of Organic Phenojs onto Dual Organic Cation Montmorillonite from Water

Abstract

Single- and multicomponent competitive adsorptions were carried out in a batch reactor to investigate the removal of three toxic organic phenols, 2-chlorophenol, 3-cyanophenol, and 4-nitrophenot, using organically modified montmorillonite. To study the removal capacity of phenolic contaminants dissolved in aqueous solution, two organic cations, tetramethylammonium (TMA) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), were exchanged for the metal cations on the montmorillonite to the extent of about 40 and 45% of the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the montmorillonite, respectively, resulting in a surface property change from hydrophilic to organophilic. From the experimental results it was observed that adsorption affinity on TMA/HDTMA–montmorillonite is in the order 2-chlorophenol > 4-nitrophenol > 3-cyanophenol. The Langmuir and the Redlich–Peterson models were used to analyze the single component adsorption equilibria. On the other hand, the IAST and LCM models were used to predict the multicomponent competitive adsorption equilibria. These models yielded favorable representations of both individual and competitive adsorption behaviors.     

On the Importance of Organic Oxygen for Understanding Organic Aerosol Particles

This study shows how aerosol organic oxygen data could provide new information about organic aerosol mass, aqueous solubility of organic aerosols, formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and the relative contributions of anthropogenic and biogenic sources. For more than two decades, atmospheric aerosol organic mass (OM) concentration has been estimated by multiplying the measured carbon content by an assumed (OM)-to-organic carbon (OC) factor, usually 1.4. However, this factor can vary from 1.0 to 2.5 depending on location. This large uncertainty about aerosol organic mass limits our understanding of the influence of organic aerosol on climate, visibility and health. New examination of organic aerosol speciation data shows that the oxygen content is responsible for the observed range in the OM-to-OC factor. When organic oxygen content is excluded, the ratio of non-oxygen organic mass to carbon mass varies very little across different environments (1.12 to 1.14). The non-oxygen-OM-to-OC factor for all studied sites (urban and non-urban) averaged 1.13. The uncertainty becomes an order of magnitude smaller than the uncertainty in the best current estimates of organic mass to organic carbon ratios (1.6 ± 0.2 for urban and 2.1 ± 0.2 for non-urban areas). This analysis suggests that, when aerosol organic oxygen data become available, organic aerosol mass can be quite accurately estimated using just OC and organic oxygen (OO) without the need to know whether the aerosol is fresh or aged. In addition, aerosol organic oxygen data will aid prediction of water solubility since compounds with OO-to-OC higher than 0.4 have water solubilities higher than 1 g per 100 g water.