大型循环流化床锅炉超临界化技术与控制难点分析

分析了循环流化床锅炉适应参数超临界化的特点和自动控制技术的难点及关键技术,介绍了当前国内外超临界循环流化床锅炉的发展现状。认为超临界循环流化床锅炉在我国有良好的发展前景,但要大力解决其参数强耦合下的自动控制问题。     

超临界循环流化床锅炉——清洁煤发电技术的合理选择

超临界循环流化床(CFB)锅炉同时兼备CFB锅炉清洁燃烧和超临界锅炉的优点,具有良好应用前景,是洁净煤发电技术的合理选择.对超临界CFB锅炉技术特点和研究进展进行了分析,发展超临界CFB锅炉需要研究和掌握炉內二维传热特性、热流密度分布规律、垂直管屏水动力特性、分离器气固分配均匀性等关键技术.简要介绍了自主开发的国产600MW超临界CFB锅炉的设计方案.     

循环流化床锅炉水冷壁磨损与防护

阐述了循环流化床锅炉炉内受热面的磨损机理,着重分析了水冷壁磨损问题,初步了解了水冷壁不同部位的磨损机理。从锅炉设计选型到运行提出了防磨措施和合理的技术改造,使磨损损害减少到最小程度,从而保证锅炉安全稳定的运行。     

循环流化床锅炉的烘炉方法和注意事项

根据循环流化床锅炉的结构特点及其所用耐火材料的脱水机理，提出了流化床锅炉的烘炉方法和注意事项。该方法在实践中得以成功应用，提高了烘炉质量，保证了流化床锅炉的安全运行。     

循环流化床锅炉稳定运行改造

黑化集团热电厂YG-75／3．82-M1型循环流化床锅炉在运行中存在中心简使用周期短、大风帽漏渣、水冷壁沸上段磨损严重等问题,针对这些问题,提出了具体的改造措施。改造技术运用到生产实践中后,提高了锅炉的稳定运行水平,经济效益良好。     

浅谈循环流化床锅炉掺烧高炉煤气

由于煤和高炉煤气这两种燃料的燃烧特性的不同，循环流化床锅炉在掺烧高炉煤气的过程中会产生一些不良的影响，这些影响应当给予足够的重视并在锅炉设计过程中予以考虑消除。     

循环流化床锅炉启动时爆燃原因分析及预防措施

为防止循环流化床锅炉启动时发生爆燃事故,对其启动时的爆燃过程及爆燃原因进行了分析,提出了具体的预防措施。这些措施实施后取得了较好的效果,保证锅炉在启动过程中更加安全、经济、平稳。     

循环流化床锅炉燃料破碎设备的选择与应用

燃料破碎设备是保证循环流化床（CFB）锅炉安全、稳定运行的重要辅助设备,介绍了破碎原理和CFB锅炉对燃料的要求,对CFB锅炉燃料破碎系统现状进行了分析,提出了燃料破碎设备的优化选择与应用措施。     

气泡雾化技术在440 t/h循环流化床锅炉上的应用

介绍了大型循环流化床锅炉系统将传统机械压力雾化油枪改造为气泡雾化油枪以及自动调压装置应用的情况,分析了气雾化油枪的常见的故障原因及解决途径,通过对炉前燃油系统和油枪的节能化改造,取得了明显的经济效益和良好的环保效果.     

310t／h循环流化床锅炉的烘炉方法

介绍了国内首台310t／h循环流化床锅炉的烘炉目的、主要步骤及方法。针对烘炉工作中出现的一些问题，在第二台循环流化床锅炉上实施了相应的烘炉改进措施。     

流化床秸秆燃烧技术研究与开发

介绍了秸秆生物质在我国大规模燃烧利用的重要意义以及研究发展现状。为了解决秸秆燃烧应用中的技术难题,深入地研究了秸秆的基本燃烧特性和动态燃烧过程,特别对秸秆燃烧中由碱金属引发的低温灰熔融现象和过热器金属材料的高温腐蚀问题进行了针对性研究。简要论述了由浙江大学结合国内研究和国外相关运行经验教训而自主开发的循环流化床秸秆燃烧技术和工程示范项目。     

Development of standardized boilers with a circulating fluidized bed for repowering of TPPs

The current status of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology employed at foreign TPPs is briefly analyzed.. It is demonstrated that CFB technology is entirely suitable for the building of 225- and 330-MW units with enhanced steam parameters, and also for replacement of boilers at TPP with cross links. Placement of prospective standards into effect for harmful effluents, and diversification of fuel supply are important advantages of this technology. It is shown that CFB boilers based on unified subassemblies could be built at least for groupings of fuels. Results of mathematical modeling of processes in furnaces of CFB boilers, which are in satisfactory agreement with data obtained from simplified engineering methods, are presented. Further improvement of the mathematical model, and a series of analyses of the furnace circuit in the nonsteady statement with a supercomputer are being traced.     

Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor application to tropical fruit wine effluent.

The influence of the organic loading rate (OLR), the fluidization level (FL) and the particle diameter of natural zeolite used as support (D(p)), was evaluated at a laboratory scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), treating tropical fruit wine effluent (vinasse). The experiment was carried out at an OLR from 2-5 kg COD/m3 d, FL of 20 and 40% and D(p) from 0.25 to 0.80 mm. It was demonstrated that OLR and FL had a slight influence on chemical oxygen demand removal and strong influence on the methane production rate. The COD removal was slightly higher for the higher particle diameter used. Additionally using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed that natural zeolites have excellent physical characteristics as a support medium in AFBR.     

Combustion of baltic oil shales in boilers with fluidized bed combustion

This is a study of the combustion of Baltic oil (bituminous) shales with different heats of combustion in a boiler with fluidized bed combustion (CFB). The minimum heat of combustion was varied over 8.5 – 11.5 MJ/kg in the experiments. The behavior of the mineral part of the shales during combustion was taken into account in determining the boiler efficiency, CO₂ emissions, and amount of ash production.     

造粒流化床浓缩技术处理给水厂排泥水的中试研究

以南方某给水厂排泥水为处理对象,利用造粒流化床污泥浓缩工艺进行了处理规模为 1-2．5 m3／h的中试研究。研究结果表明,对于排泥水有机物、藻类含量高的南方水厂而言,采用一 体化造粒流化床浓缩工艺进行处理是切实可行的,且具有处理效率高、出泥含水率低、脱水性能好、 出水浊度低等特点;中试条件下,流化床水流上升速度可达38-50 cm／min,最佳搅拌转速为 5 r／min,PAM药耗比普通重力浓缩-调质工艺节省25％-40％,污泥含水率可从99％降至95％- 97％。并通过试验确定了相关工艺参数。     

Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in expanded granular sludge bed and fluidized bed biofilm reactors bioaugmented with Desulfitobacterium spp

The biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246TCP) was studied using expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors and a fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) filled with activated carbon. One of the EGSB reactor and the FBBR were bioaugmented with Desulfitobacterium strains. 246TCP loading rate was gradually incremented from 10 to 250 mg L(-1) day(-1). The main pathway of dechlorination was in ortho-position, generating 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The maintenance of both COD degradation efficiency (higher than 80%) and methanogenic efficiency (between 0.3 and 0.6 g CH4-COD g(-1) COD consumed) in EGSB reactor implies a great stability of the process. Through isotherm studies in FBBR, it could be deduced that around 52% of 246TCP was completely dechlorinated, whereas the adsorption involved around 16%. By means of FISH studies it was proved that the methanogenic Archaea community was maintained in the bioaugmented EGSB reactor, whereas in the FBBR this community was gradually developed until reaching stability. Desulfitobacterium community was also maintained in the reactors, although D. chlororespirans proportion rise in the FBBR at the higher 246TCP loading rates, implying that this species can withstand the 246TCP toxicity better than D. hafniense.     

循环流化床锅炉的磨损及预防措施

介绍了循环流化床锅炉在运行使用中易磨损的缺陷。分析了磨损原因,提出了预防措施和注意事项。     

生物质流化床气化炉共气化技术的发展与应用

生物质与煤混合共气化流化床气化炉及其工艺,是以空气-水蒸汽为气化剂,连续制气生产低热值燃气的流化床气化工艺,燃气热值为6~7M J/m3。由于生物质和煤在物理性质和气化特性上有许多互补性,将生物质与煤在流化床中共气化,可以形成温度较高的稳定料层,不仅可以保证运行稳定,且在蒸汽气化剂的作用下,可加速焦油的热裂解,使焦油含量减少,燃气热值提高。根据此技术开发了高效气化-热电联供系统工艺路线。     

流化床内复杂物料气力筛分问题的数值仿真分析

该文应用基于离散相模型的拉格朗日粒子跟踪多相流方法,对某种工业流化床内复杂物料气力筛分过程进行了数值仿真分析。采用等效椭球粒子模拟复杂物料,通过Rosin-Rammler粒径分布函数和圆球变形系数的重构来引入物料组分的物理属性差异,通过与实验数据对比获得特殊边界上多孔介质模型参数,数值计算了设定气动参数范围内的物料运动和筛分现象,分析了气动参数和结构参数对物料流动现象的影响,并对流化床结构进行优化,获得了复杂物料良好气力筛分的仿真预报。     

循环流化床锅炉燃烧的优化调整

燃烧优化调整对循环流化床锅炉运行具有重要的指导意义。结合河南联孚电厂实际运行情况,经过长期的试验,对影响锅炉燃烧的各个运行参数进行了优化,得到了合适的运行参数,对燃烧调整优化方案的实施有借鉴意义。