多段分级转化流化床提升管速度场的研究

针对流化床煤气化过程中需要长气固接触时间和高固体浓度,开发了耦合灰熔聚流化床和提升管的多段分级转化流化床。为了研究多段分级转化流化床提升管中局部颗粒速度的径向、轴向分布,在不同的操作条件下,采用PV-6型颗粒速度测量仪在冷态实验装置中系统测定提升管内局部颗粒速度。实验结果表明:提升管中任何径向、轴向位置的颗粒速度随着操作气速的增大而增大,随循环量的增加而减小。操作条件对中心区颗粒速度变化的影响明显高于边壁区。颗粒的加速首先发生在提升管中心区域,然后向边壁区域扩展。颗粒速度径向分布的不均匀性沿轴向逐渐增大,并且受操作气速影响比较大。     

气固逆流下行流化床中颗粒速度的径向与轴向分布

在内径90 mm、高7 m的逆流下行床冷态实验装置中,研究了气固逆流下行床中循环锅炉灰(dp=300 mm)颗粒速度的径向分布及其沿轴向发展. 结果表明,局部颗粒速度沿径向分布是不均匀的,在完全发展区,颗粒速度中心和边壁低、在r/R=0.85附近颗粒速度最大. 由大量实验数据回归出预测充分发展段局部颗粒速度的关联式,该公式计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差小于±11%. 不同径向位置的局部颗粒速度沿轴向的变化趋势不同,边壁区域(r/R>0.622)颗粒速度沿轴向单调递增,而中心区域(0相似文献   

新型液固循环床提升管颗粒速度径向分布的实验研究

新型液-固循环流化床与常规液-固循环流化床的区别在于提升管底部入口结构和顶部出口结构的不同.实验装置为φ80×8000 mm有机玻璃床,新结构可在较高表观液速和较高颗粒循环速率下操作.利用光纤速度测量仪测量床内颗粒速度径向分布,得到了颗粒速度径向分布规律.通过对实验结果分析发现,新型循环流化床颗粒速度径向分布与较高的表观液速和颗粒循环速率以及由此引发的较大的边壁效应密切相关.     

循环流化床提升管中颗粒速度的径向分布及其沿轴向的发展

采用5光纤速度探头对f100mm?5.1m循环床提升管8个高度截面上11个径向位置的局部颗粒速度进行了实验测试,并采用径向不均匀指数(RNI)对颗粒速度径向分布的不均匀性及其沿轴向的变化进行了定量描述。研究结果表明:在高气速、高颗粒循环量操作时,操作条件对颗粒上升速度和下降速度的径向分布的影响在加速段和充分发展段呈现出不同的规律;颗粒上升速度和下降速度沿轴向的变化在核心区和边壁区也表现出不同的趋势。当颗粒循环速率大于200 kgm-2s-1时,颗粒的加速段长度大大延长,以至于大于提升管的高度(15.1m)。颗粒速度径向分布的不均匀性沿轴向是逐渐增大的,并且与截面平均颗粒速度存在很强的相关性。     

液固循环流化床中颗粒轴向速度的实验研究

利用超声多普勒测速仪实验测量了液固循环流化床中不同径向位置处颗粒瞬态轴向速度，研究了其概率密度分布特征。采用瞬态速度的标准偏差衡量瞬态速度的波动程度，考察了不同操作形式下的颗粒时均轴向速度的径向分布以及表观液速和颗粒循环速率等操作条件对速度波动程度和速度均衡径向分布的影响，利用相间作用力对两种分布的特点进行了机理分析，并对液固和气固循环流化床中颗粒的流动行为进行了比较。     

耦合流化床提升管内固含率径向分布及沿轴向的发展

针对催化汽油辅助反应器改质降烯烃工艺,结合提升管与流化床的特点,建立了一套提升管与流化床耦合反应器大型冷态实验装置. 在不同操作条件下,采用PV-4A型光纤密度仪测定了提升管内固含率沿径向的分布规律. 结果表明,固含率径向分布整体上呈现中心小、边壁大的环-核结构分布特征;沿轴向向上,各径向位置上的固含率在颗粒加速区逐渐降低,在充分发展区趋于稳定,在颗粒约束返混区又有所升高;各径向位置上的固含率随表观气速增大或颗粒循环强度减小而减小,且均匀性变好;提升管上部流化床内颗粒静床高度只对颗粒约束返混区内固含率径向分布有影响,而对颗粒加速区和充分发展区的固含率径向分布影响较小;当表观气速较低或颗粒循环强度较大时,颗粒约束返混区上部局部固含率最大值出现在无因次半径f=r/R=0.7附近,此时局部无因次固含率es*=es/ 沿轴向在H>5.33 m时不再具有相似性;通过比较径向不均匀指数,得到轴向各区固含率径向分布趋于均匀的程度依次为：充分发展区>颗粒约束返混区>颗粒加速区. 利用实验数据回归出了局部固含率径向分布关联式,其平均相对误差在6%以内.     

不同流型下组合约束型提升管出口段固含率分布

在一套组合约束型提升管冷态实验装置上,研究了气力输送和快速流态化两种流型下,出口段局部固含率分布规律及不同操作条件对固含率的影响。结果表明:局部固含率径向分布整体上呈中心小、边壁大的分布特征,并随分布器开孔率和表观气速的降低而增大,随上部流化床层压降和颗粒循环强度的降低而减小;在快速流态化操作下,局部固含率曲线分布形式与常规提升管类似,而在气力输送状态下,临近出口区域局部固含率最大值通常不出现在边壁处,其位置随表观气速和分布器开孔率增加以及颗粒循环强度和上部流化床层压降降低而远离边壁;两种流型下局部固含率径向分布的均匀性均随表观气速及分布器开孔率的增加而升高,随颗粒循环强度及流化床层压降的增加而降低。     

循环流化床下料管中气固流动的实验研究I—颗粒流动

在内径１１０ｍｍ的下料管循环流化床中，采用ＦＣＣ（流化床催化裂化催化剂）、硅胶球颗粒时，对下料管中颗粒局部速度、局部浓度的测量基础上，研究了床层截面平均颗粒浓度，截面平均颗粒速度的轴向和径向分布，并回归得到求取床层颗粒浓度的关联式，为气固下行反应器设计开发提供了理论依据。     

ＣＦＢ稀相段直长对颗粒内循环流动规律的影响

采用光纤探头测定Ｄ１m射流循环流化床（半圆形）稀相区颗粒速度、颗粒浓度和颗粒流通量的径向分布规律,并考察了操作条件及其轴向的影响,实验结果表明,在循环流化床（ＣＦＢ）中,颗粒流动在床层径向有较大的不均匀性,并呈明显的内循环流动结构,进而考察了影响其流动规律的,以期进一步理解循环流化床颗料流动机理,强化和改善反应器的设计操作。     

低密度循环流化床反应器床层截面平均颗粒速度的变化规律

本文在高8m,内径186mm 的循环流化床中采用 FCC 颗粒,利用 TSI 光纤激光多普勒测速仪测定了局部颗粒速度的径向分布,并获得了床层截面平均颗粒速度。实验结果表明:截面平均颗粒速度随操作气速的增大而增大,随固体循环速率的增大而略有减小。由实验数据回归得到了计算本实验条件下低密度速度的经验关联式。论文还从基本流体力学理论出发,在考虑颗粒加速运动的条件下,建立了一维气、固两相流模型,可以用于预测床层截面平均颗粒速度和空隙率的变化规律,模型计算结果和实验数据吻合较好。     

THE PARTICLE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN A RISER OF DILUTE CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

This paper presents an experimental study on the radial and axial profiles of local particle velocity of flu-idized catalyst(FCC)particles in a circulating fluidized bed of 8000mm in height and 186mm in inside diameterwith a Fiber-Optic Probe Laser Doppler Velocimetry.It has been found that the radial profiles of local particlevelocity are parabolic,even in the centre region and steep in the region near the bed wall,and that the length ofparticle acceleration along the bed height is longer than expected.The following formula has been recommended to correlate the 1 ocal particle velocity with dilute gas-solidflow in the bed:where a,b,c and e are functions of radial positions.     

湍动流化床过渡段固含率分布特征的实验及数值模拟

在湍动流化床中,过渡段对于包括甲醇制烯烃在内的气固催化快反应有着重要的作用。采用PV6D反射型光纤探针对内径95 mm的湍动流化床内过渡段的固含率分布和脉动参数进行了测量,分别考察了表观气速和静床高的影响,并采用修正的基于颗粒动力学的三段曳力双流体模型进行模拟。实验表明,湍动流化床过渡段中固含率的轴向分布呈现S型和指数型两种类型,固含率轴向与径向分布都在过渡段内出现最大梯度,表明过渡段中固体浓度分布比稀相段和密相段更不均匀。表观气速和静床高的变化将导致S型和指数型分布的相互转变,并且对过渡段底部与壁面附近的固体高浓度区影响最为显著。局部固含率脉动概率密度分布表明,在静床高较小时,随着气速的增大,床层下部气含率最大值位置将从中心区移动至环隙区,呈现气含率的双峰型分布。本文提出的修正三段曳力模型考虑了颗粒团聚的影响,对过渡段中分布板影响区之外的固含率分布均能较好地模拟。     

Segregation by size difference in a conical fluidized bed of pharmaceutical granulate

Axial and radial segregation studies of a dry placebo pharmaceutical granulate exhibiting a continuous, bimodal particle size distribution have been carried out in a bench-scale conical fluidized bed. Experiments were conducted at superficial gas velocities of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 m/s based on the cone inlet diameter and static bed heights of 0.12 and 0.17 m above the distributor. Axial profiles of the mixing index show that granule greater than 800 μm segregate to the bottom of the bed. Radial segregation data shows that the large granule tends to accumulate at the centre bottom and becomes better mixed as the gas velocity is increased. Static bed height showed no influence on radial or axial segregation in this study. It is theorized that observed segregation patterns are because the local velocities in the dilute central core region of the conical bed are less than the terminal velocities of the largest particles in the particle size distribution.     

Experimental Study on Flow Behavior in a Gas‐Solid Fluidized Bed for the Methanol‐to‐Olefins Process

A cold model experimental system is established to investigate the flow behavior in a gas‐solid fluidized bed for the methanol‐to‐olefins process catalyzed by SAPO‐34. The system comprises a gas distributor in a F 300 × 5000 mm acrylic column, double fiber optic probe system and a series of cyclones. The experiments are carried out under conditions of atmospheric pressure and room temperature with different superficial velocities (0.3930–0.7860 m s^–1) and different initial bed heights (600–1200 mm). The effects of radial distance, axial distance, superficial gas velocity, and initial bed height on the solid concentration and particle velocity in the bed are discussed. The time‐averaged solid concentration and rising particle velocity profiles under different conditions are obtained. The results show that an increase in the value of r/R or initial bed height results in an increase in the solid concentration but a decrease in the rising particle velocity in the dense phase area, while improvement of the superficial gas velocity has a negative influence on the solid concentration but results in an increase in the rising particle velocity.     

耦合反应器提升管段颗粒速度分布及约束特性

A large-scale cold model experimental setup of a riser-fluidized bed coupled reactor was established according to the olefin reduction technology with an auxiliary reactor for FCC naphtha upgrading.Distributions of particle velocity in the riser section were experimentally investigated in the setup.Furthermore,the restriction index of particle velocity was defined to quantitatively show the restriction effects of the riser outlet lotus-shaped distributor and the upper fluidized bed on the particle flow behavior in the riser.The experimental results showed that the riser could be divided into two regions in the longitudinal direction,i.e.,lower traditional transport region and upper restriction region.In the longitudinal direction,the averaged cross-sectional particle velocity in the traditional transport region increased firstly,and then tended to be smooth,while decreased in the restriction region.With the increase of static bed height in the upper fluidized bed,the local particle velocity decreased,and the tendency of change in the core region is more than that in the wall region.Restriction effects of the lotus-shaped distributor and the upper fluidized bed on particle flow behavior enhanced with the increases of superficial gas velocity,solids flux and static bed height in the upper fluidized bed.In the same cross-section,outlet restriction effects enhanced with the increase of the dimensionless radial position r/R,and would not change when r/R≥0.5.     

提升管循环流化床气,固局部滑落速度的分布

本研究采用光纤激光多普勒测速仪（ＬＤＶ），通过两列信号处理系统，同时测定了气体和颗粒局部速度，研究了低密度循环流化床提升管内局部滑落速度的变化规律。实验结果表明，提高颗粒循环速率，在任一径向位置的气固滑落速度均增加；提高气体表观速度，反而使气固之间局部滑落速度减小。由于固体颗粒在近壁区的团聚行为，在近壁区气、固局部滑落速度出现一个极大值。     

Detailed measurements of flow structure inside a dense gas–solids fluidized bed

Detailed local flow structures are investigated in bubbling and turbulent fluidized bed with FCC particles. The operating conditions ranges from 0.06 to 1.4 m/s. Extensive experiments are carried out using a newly developed optical fiber probe system, which can measure the solids concentration and velocity at multi-points. The results reveal that with increasing U_g, local solids concentrations go through three evolution stages, reflecting a gradual regime transition process. Under all operating conditions, upflowing and descending particles co-exist at all measuring locations. The upflowing particle velocity is strong function of both superficial gas velocity and spatial position. However, the descending particle velocity mainly depends on superficial gas velocity. The bed radial symmetry and the effects of static bed height on the local flow structures are also investigated.