V-Ti微合金钢的组织性能及相间析出行为

采用热模拟实验研究了等温温度对V-Ti微合金钢组织性能及相间析出行为的影响规律,利用OM和TEM分析了不同等温温度下实验钢的组织特征.结果表明,不同等温温度下均可得到大量铁素体组织,随等温温度的降低,铁素体体积分数增加,铁素体晶粒尺寸减小.不同等温温度下均可观察到平面相间析出,且降低等温温度可显著细化相间析出列间距和析出粒子尺寸.纳米碳化物具有NaCl型晶体结构,晶格常数约为0.436 nm,同铁素体基体满足(100)carbide//(100)ferrite和[011]carbide//[001]ferrite的B-N关系.在680℃下等温30 min,沉淀强化量可达到360.6 MPa.     

含Nb-Ti低碳微合金钢中纳米碳化物的相间析出行为

采用热膨胀实验研究了等温温度对Nb-Ti微合金钢组织、性能及析出行为的影响规律,利用TEM对不同温度等温后试样的析出行为进行观察和分析.结果表明,不同温度等温后试样中均可观察到相间析出碳化物,且降低等温温度可显著细化相间析出碳化物所在面面间距、相间析出碳化物所在面内析出物间距及相间析出碳化物尺寸.具有层状分布特征的相间析出碳化物所在面呈现弯曲和平直2种形态,其中平直型相间析出碳化物所在面平行于铁素体的{011},{012},{013}和{035}面.经HRTEM确定相间析出碳化物具有Na Cl型晶体结构,晶格常数为0.434 nm,且与铁素体基体符合Baker-Nutting(B-N)关系,经EDS分析确定相间析出碳化物为(Nb,Ti)C.利用Orowan机制对析出强化量进行估算,结果表明不同等温温度下析出强化量均大于300 MPa.     

钛微合金钢形变诱导析出规律的热模拟

采用Gleeble 3800热力模拟实验机模拟了钛微合金化低碳钢的两阶段控轧技术,通过应力松弛法得到了其应力松弛曲线及析出—时间—温度(PTT)曲线,研究了钛微合金钢在变形过程中的析出规律。结果表明:两阶段轧制后钛微合金钢的组织显著细化,比较不同变形量下的应力松弛曲线,可以发现随着变形量的增大,应力松弛的速度加快,形变诱导析出的PTT曲线会向左偏移,最快析出的鼻尖温度由910℃降低到900℃,析出的开始时间提前,由65 s缩短至50 s,析出开始的孕育时间减少;此外,晶粒由于形变诱导析出的作用而逐渐细化,但随着保温时间的持续延长,晶粒会由于形变诱导析出的完成继续长大直至粗化。     

未再结晶区控轧对高铌钢变形带组织的影响

为研究低碳高铌钢在未再结晶区控轧下的组织变化,利用热模拟试验机在不同条件下进行变形,并观察了微观组织。结果表明:低碳高铌钢在大变形量、小晶粒尺寸下易产生均匀变形带;随着变形温度的降低,Nb(C,N)析出数量显著增加,且尺寸也更加细小,在4～8 nm。这些析出物可为铁素体的形核提供有利位置。     

高氮不锈轴承钢碳化物演变规律及球化机制北大核心CSCD

采用SEM和TEM研究不同保温温度及时间下高氮不锈轴承钢中碳化物的演变规律,并对碳化物变化进行表征及分析。结果表明:预备组织中碳化物主要沿晶界分布,尺寸主要集中在0.4~0.8μm。在600、700和750℃保温时,碳化物的视场面积个数逐渐减少而视场面积分数逐渐增加。低于800℃保温时,少量碳化物沿晶界析出;高于800℃保温时,碳化物沿晶界和位错析出,并有少量Cr_2N析出。900℃保温时,碳化物的视场面积个数和视场面积分数减少,碳化物形成元素回溶到基体中。低于750℃保温过程中,钢中碳化物发生粗化临界尺寸为0.8μm,长棒状碳化物以自身球化的方式球化长大,碳化物圆整度频数最大值由0.65增加到0.80。钢中碳化物在700℃保温10 h时球化效果较明显。     

变形条件和冷却速率对低碳含Nb钢的相变及纳米析出的影响

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机,研究了奥氏体再结晶和未再结晶组织对低碳含Nb钢连续冷却转变行为的影响,并对不同变形温度及冷却速率下Nb(C, N)的纳米析出行为进行了研究。结果表明,未再结晶区奥氏体的变形能够为多边形铁素体提供更多的相变形核点,扩大铁素体相变区,并且能够细化铁素体晶粒;相比于再结晶区1050℃单道次变形,未再结晶区的第二道次变形能够促进Nb(C, N)的析出,其中910℃变形时Nb(C, N)的析出量最多,850℃次之;冷却速率的增大能够抑制Nb(C, N)在奥氏体中的析出,但能够促进其在铁素体中析出;对于本试验钢,10℃/s的冷却速率即可抑制Nb(C, N)的析出;Nb(C, N)的析出粒子平均粒径随着冷却速率的增加而减小。     

保温温度对含Ti低碳贝氏体钢组织性能及析出相的影响

利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱仪等试验方法,研究了保温温度对低碳贝氏体钢组织性能及析出相的影响。结果表明:在350~520℃,随保温温度的升高,试验钢组织由板条贝氏体逐渐演变为粒状贝氏体;试验钢的强度逐渐降低,伸长率提高;析出相体积分数有所增加。在奥氏体向贝氏体转变结束后在贝氏体铁素体基体上沉淀析出的细小析出相,其平均尺寸为4~6 nm;析出相与基体呈共格或者半共格关系,其界面能较小,具有较强的热稳定性。     

加热温度对高Nb-Ti新能源汽车用无取向硅钢第二相固溶行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、等离子体质谱仪、透射电镜对新能源汽车无取向硅钢不同加热温度下的第二相固溶情况进行了研究。结果表明,加热至1076.2 ℃时,试验钢发生明显相变。在保温40 min的条件下,随着加热温度的升高,Nb、Ti元素固溶量逐渐增加,析出量相应减少,并发现析出物多为(Nb,Ti)C复合型析出。不同加热温度下,析出物平均尺寸有所不同,且随试验温度升高呈上升趋势。     

升温过程中Nb和Nb-Mo微合金化钢中碳化物的析出行为研究

利用Gleeble热模拟实验机、Vickers硬度计、SEM,HRTEM及DSC研究了淬火态含Nb和Nb-Mo微合金钢在升温过程中碳化物的析出行为.利用经典形核长大理论及Avrami方程对淬火态钢中MC型碳化物的析出动力学进行了计算.结果表明,含Nb和Nb-Mo微合金钢淬火后以20℃/min的速率加热至不同温度水冷,在300和700℃,由于e-碳化物和MC型碳化物析出而出现了硬度峰值.MC型碳化物在650℃左右析出,由于析出强化而硬度上升,与理论计算得到的MC型碳化物的析出鼻子点温度约650℃的结果相一致.Mo进入Nb C中降低了Nb C与铁素体基体的错配度,从而减小了析出相与铁素体基体间的界面能,使得(Nb,Mo)C析出动力学加快,所以Nb-Mo钢中析出相粒子分布更为密集,尺寸更为细小,具有较高的析出强化作用.     

26CrMoVNbRE钢高效热处理调质工艺边界探索

研究了不同淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度及回火保温时间对26CrMoVNbRE钢组织与性能的影响,结果表明,试验钢870~900 ℃淬火后高温回火,显微组织为回火索氏体,原始奥氏体晶粒细小均匀。870 ℃保温40 min淬火,与900 ℃保温30 min淬火屈服强度相近,前者有良好的综合力学性能,后者更有利于现场高效热处理。900 ℃保温30 min淬火,再经720 ℃回火60 min调质处理,BT110TS钢级油套管各项力学性能满足技术要求。采用SEM结合EDAS对不同回火温度条件下的析出物进行观察,结果表明,试验钢第二相析出物为M₂C型碳化钼以及M₃C型碳化铬形成的复合相,随着回火温度的降低,分布在晶界上的析出物增多,不利于低温冲击性能与耐应力腐蚀。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.