Use of induced noise to calibrate injection-locked phase noisemeasurements

A new calibration approach is described for phase noise measurements of free-running voltage controlled oscillators using the injection locking technique. The injection locking technique allows the locking of free running oscillators to a reference over a wide bandwidth during a phase noise measurement. Compared to conventional phase noise measurement techniques, the injection locking technique involves a calibration procedure, which may be tedious and time consuming. The new approach may be used to perform an automated calibration procedure of the system commonly used for these measurements     

Basic Properties of Subharmonic Injection Locking

Basic properties of subharmonic injection locking, as well as differences between subharmonic and fundamental injection locking, are studied with the describing function technique. The consequences of including a nonlinear capacitance as well as linear frequency-dependent parameters in the active element is investigated. The importance of the broad-band characteristics of the tuning circuit is studied. The detailed analysis is given for locking to the third subharmonic, but necessary expressions for generalizing the treatment to other than third subharmonic locking are provided. Finally, a note on stability of subharmonic locking is given.     

Phase noise measurement of free-running microwave oscillators at 5.8 GHz using 1/3-subharmonic injection locking

An innovative method using subharmonic injection locking technique for the phase noise measurement of free-running microwave oscillators is presented. To reduce the system cost, a two-tier injection locking approach is used and an effective 1/3-subharmonic injection is established. Measurement on a 1.8-V 5.85-GHz voltage controlled oscillator demonstrates that the measurement system is promising.     

Generation of a CW Local Oscillator Signal Using a Stabilized Injection Locked Semiconductor Laser

We explore the technique of injection locking a semiconductor laser with a portion of the received optical signal to regenerate a local oscillator for eventual use with a homodyne receiver. In addition, we show that the injection locking process can be electronically stabilized by using the Modulation Transfer Ratio (MTR) of the slave laser as a monitor, given either a DFB or Fabry-Perot slave laser. We show that this stabilization technique maintains injection lock (given a locking range of ~1 GHz) for laser drift much greater than what is expected in a typical transmission system. In addition, we explore the quality of the output of the slave laser, and analyze its suitability as a local oscillator signal for a homodyne receiver.     

Theoretical study of harmonic injection locking of millimeter wave harmonic gunn oscillators

Harmonic injection locking behavior of millimeter wave second harmonic Gunn oscillators is studied based on an equivalent circuit model. A large signal model of Gunn device in harmonic mode operation is employed. Injection locking curves of voltage amplitude and phase difference between injected current and harmonic voltage are calculated by means of describing function technique. Stability of the locked harmonic oscillators is also investigated. It is revealed that the harmonic locking bandwidth is much smaller than that of fundamental wave oscillators and is closely related to the susceptance slope parameter of fundamental wave circuit. It is also found that the stable region is smaller than that of fundamental wave oscillators. Some conclusions have been made for the application of harmonic injection locking technique.     

Active antenna phase control using subharmonic locking

An investigation into using subharmonic injection locking to control the radiated phase or an active patch oscillator is presented. This technique is an attractive locking method and can result in an improved phase control range over fundamental locking. A significant phase control range >360° is experimentally achieved by using a novel element configuration. Results are described and some potential implementation difficulties are noted     

Analysis and Design of Wideband Injection-Locked Ring Oscillators With Multiple-Input Injection

In this paper, the locking range of the injection-locked ring oscillators is investigated. To improve the injection efficiency and the locking range for superharmonic frequency division, a multiple-injection technique is proposed. Using a 0.18-mum CMOS process, a wideband frequency divider based on a three-stage ring oscillator is implemented for demonstration. With a tunable free-running frequency, the fabricated circuit provides 2:1 and 4:1 frequency division with a single-ended input signal ranging from 13 to 25 and 30 to 45 GHz, respectively. Compared with the case of the single-ended injection, the locking range of the frequency divider almost doubles when multiple-input injection with optimum phases is utilized. The experimental results exhibit good agreement with the theoretical derivation and the circuit simulation.     

An LO architecture with novel wide locking range,quadrature output RILFDs and ILROs for cognitive radio applications

In this paper, a wide locking range, quadrature output ring type injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented for division ratios of 3 and 4. This ILFD proposes a novel injection scheme that shapes the injection signal to a proper form and provides a convenient situation for divider locking. Furthermore, two new wide locking range, low power consumption, injection locked ring oscillators (ILROs) are proposed for quadrature generation in local oscillator architectures. A novel cognitive radio quadrature local oscillator (LO) architecture is presented by utilizing the proposed ILFDs and ILROs to verify the effectiveness of the proposed circuits. Moreover, a new technique is implemented on the LO architecture to widen the frequency range without consuming any extra power. Because of using a single LC tank, this architecture is very compact. Also, it has the benefit of low power consumption and low output phase noise.     

注入锁定法布里-珀罗激光器的单模工作特性

使用分布式反馈(DFB)激光器对法布里-珀罗(F-P)激光器进行单模注入锁定.通过改变F-P激光器的偏置电流,DFB激光器的输出功率以及两激光器间的波长失谐量,对注入锁定F-P激光器的光谱特性、功率特性以及频率响应特性进行实验分析.找出影响注入锁定F-P激光器稳定性的因素,并测量注入锁定F-P激光器的稳定锁定区;通过优化注人条件实现F-P激光器的高边模抑制比(SMSR)输出,最高可达55 dB;通过与自由运转F-P激光器比较,发现注入锁定可以明显抑制半导体激光器在高频调制下光谱的展宽.注入锁定后F-P激光器的3 dB调制带宽接近14 GHz.实验结果表明,通过合理设计光注入条件,注入锁定技术可以明显改善F-P激光器的光谱特性以及高频响应特性,并在高速光纤通信领域中得到广泛应用.     

Hybrid injection locking of higher power CO2lasers

Frequency stabilization of a higher power CO2ring laser by locking with a stable low-power reference laser is described. Successful locking is achieved by employing a novel hybrid injection-locking technique. In the hybrid mode, the higher power laser is tuned to operate on a self-oscillation line different from that of the reference laser. Within the frequency-locking range, the self-oscillation of the locked laser is completely quenched, and only the amplified drive power of the locking laser appears. Operation of this hybrid technique relies on the line competition in the homogeneously broadened CO2medium. The hybrid technique, which is easily implemented with a simple hill-climbing servo, permits stabilized operation over a variety of laser lines. An analysis of injection locking that explicity includes the saturation of the homogeneous medium is presented. Expressions are obtained for the gain and the phase relationships within and outside the locking region. To demonstrate the potential of the hybrid injection-locking technique, a 60-W CO2laser was locked in frequency to a 0.5-W stable oscillator. The experimental data are in close agreement with theory.     

Frequency locking by injection in dye lasers: Analysis of the CW and delta pulse regimes

Experimental studies of frequency locking by injection are performed using a nanosecond and a microsecond pulse duration dye laser. Either of these two lasers can be used as the master oscillator, and the experimental conditions then lead to two different injection regimes defined as the CW and the delta pulse regime. In both regimes, the locking efficiency, which is measured as a function of the injected flux of the injected wavelength and of the time delay between the two pulses, reaches a value close to unity when the injected flux present in the forced oscillator cavity is at least equal to 10 W · cm^-2. An analytical relation is derived to explain the experimental results. The use of the injection locking technique to probe the progressive narrowing of tuned dye lasers and to monitor the occurrence of the laser threshold is emphasized.     

光控微波及其在相控阵天线系统中的应用

本文讨论了光注入锁定技术的发展，给出了光控锁相技术对ＦＥＴ振荡器讯号频率和相位进行独立控制的方法，还给出了光控微波相移器的原理，由引获得新颖的光控相控阵天线波束成形与控制技术及具体的设计结构。     

Direct timing extraction in a modified-Manchester coded picosecondoptical pulse fibre optic transmission system

Direct timing extraction in a modified-Manchester-coded fibre optic transmission system is demonstrated. The presence of the clock signal in the received data is used to injection lock an electronic oscillator thus generating a large timing signal. The technique is also suitable for optical injection locking for timing extraction     

Picosecond structure in self-pulsing GaAs injection lasers

Partial mode locking has been observed in self-pulsing GaAs injection lasers using an optical correlation technique. The lasers are operated at room temperature and the self-pulsing occurs near the end of the injection current pulse. The pulsewidths are about 4 ps, which are the shortest observed in an injection laser.     

A NOVEL PHASE CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR INJECTION LOCKED OSCILLATORS

A novel technique to obtain injection locked oscillators phase tuning beyond 180° is demonstrated. The idea is to cascade injection locked oscillators together for phase change accumulation. A two stage injection locked oscillators can theoretically provide a maximum of 360?phase change within the locking range. This is particularly useful for phased array antenna applications.     

Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser injection locking

Injection locking of a semiconductor laser is studied using a Fabry-Perot (FP) model. For low injection powers the FP model gives the same results as the rate equation model. At higher injection powers, the FP laser has an unlimited injection locking bandwidth; however, regions of the bandwidth are dynamically unstable. The influence of the linewidth enhancement factor on injection locking and its stability are also studied using the FP model. Finite values of the linewidth enhancement factor lead to increased locking bandwidth, asymmetry in the locking range and a saddle-node bifurcation in the injection locked solutions, of which only lower carrier density arm has linearly stable solutions.     

All-optical timing extraction using a 1.5 μm self pulsatingmultielectrode DFB LD

All-optical timing extraction from an intensity modulated 196 Mbit/s return to zero optical data stream by the injection locking technique, using a 1.5 μm self-pulsating multielectrode DFB laser diode (LD) is demonstrated. A frequency lock-in range, which depends upon both the injection signal level and the length of space continuation is investigated     

小型TEACO2激光器的锁定技术研究

对小型ＴＥＡＣＯ２激光器的注入锁定技术和混事式锁技术进行了理论分析，指出了这两处锁定 缺点，提出了一种新型的用复合腔注入锁定方法来锁定小型ＴＥＡＣＯ２激光器，给出了复合腔注入锁定的实验结果。     

Jitter Characteristic in Charge Recovery Resonant Clock Distribution

This paper is focused on analysis and suppression of clock jitter in charge recovery resonant clock distribution networks. In the presented analysis, by considering the data-dependent nature of the generated jitter, the reason for the undesired jitter-peaking phenomenon is investigated. The analysis has been verified by measurements on a test chip fabricated in 0.13-mum standard CMOS process. The chip includes a fully integrated 1.5-GHz LC clock resonator with a passive (bufferless) clock distribution network, which directly drives the clocked devices in pipelined data path circuits. Furthermore, a jitter suppression technique based on injection locking is presented. Measurement results show about 50% peak-to-peak clock jitter reduction from 28.4 ps down to 14.5 ps after injection locking.     

L 波段磁控管的锁相模拟研究

为了对L 波段磁控管进行锁相合成研究,首先需了解单个磁控管锁相过程,本文采用注入锁相的方式,在磁控管中加入一激励信号,以达到锁相目的。对磁控管的锁相条件进行了讨论及数值分析,利用粒子模拟软件Magic_3D 对锁相过程进行模拟分析。仿真结果表明,L 波段磁控管与注入信号的频率差为0.3MHz,注入电场幅值比为0.248 时能够达到锁相状态,并且锁相功率为19.2KW,效率为70%。