灵芝多糖液体发酵条件优化

从一系列灵芝(Ganoderma sp.)菌种中筛选出多糖产量高、生长快的紫灵芝菌株(G.japoncium),研究了不同氮源、碳源及金属离子对紫灵芝产多糖的影响。结果表明,以2%的蔗糖为碳源,0.2%的豆饼粉为氮源,0.2%的FeSO4为培养基可获得较高多糖。发酵罐放大实验表明,采用同样的培养基,每100mL发酵液胞外粗多糖含量可高达181.7mg,每100mL发酵液菌丝体含量可高达151.0mg,发酵过程中pH值的变化比较缓和,相对摇瓶生长,发酵生产可获得更多的灵芝多糖。     

不同培养基及培养条件对鸡腿菇深层培养菌丝体及胞内多糖的影响

研究了鸡腿菇深层发酵培养基及培养条件对菌丝体和胞内多糖产量的影响。对液体培养时间、培养基碳源、培养基氮源及培养基初始pH各单因子进行了实验，结果：培养时间6天、碳源为葡萄糖、氨源为麸皮、初始pH6.0时多糖产量最高。对碳源、氮源、初始pH进行正交实验，确定液体培养基组成：葡萄糖4％、麸皮3％，酵母膏0．5％，KH2PO40．1％，CaCO30.2%,MgSO40.05%,pH4.5。与单因素实验结果有差别。在所试的因素中，pH对菌丝体产量影响较大，氮源对多糖产量影响较大。     

金地灵芝液体发酵产胞外多糖的营养条件优化

以金地灵芝为试材,探究了碳源、氮源及无机盐对其液态发酵产胞外多糖量的影响,通过单因素试验并运用Design Expert软件设计响应面试验优化发酵培养基的组分,以得到金地灵芝液态发酵产灵芝多糖的最优培养基配方。结果表明:优化后的最佳碳源为玉米粉,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳辅助无机盐为MgSO_4·7H_2O,最优培养基配方为3.98%玉米粉,0.68%蛋白胨,0.21%MgSO_4·7H_2O,0.05%K_2HPO_4,0.05%KH_2PO_4,0.001%维生素B_1。优化后胞外多糖得率提高了30.14%。     

正交法优化鸡腿菇JM-08深层发酵碳氮源的研究

以菌丝体生物量和胞外多糖产量为指标,通过正交试验对鸡腿菇JM-08深层发酵的碳、氮源进行研究。结果表明JM-08发酵最适碳源为2％葡萄糖和3％玉米粉,氮源为5％麦麸和0．5％酵母粉。     

五株荷叶离褶伞碳氮源及适合发酵菌株的筛选

以荷叶离褶伞为试材,以菌丝体生物量和胞外多糖产量为指标,分别采用不同碳源和氮源对5株荷叶离褶伞菌株进行单因素液体发酵试验,以期筛选荷叶离褶伞液体培养最适碳源、氮源及适合发酵菌株,并为探索其工厂化发酵奠定理论基础。结果表明:菌株ZY01、ZY02及ZY03的最适碳源是蔗糖,最适氮源是蛋白胨,其次为麸皮、尿素;菌株ZY04、ZY05以菌丝体生物量为指标的最适碳源是葡萄糖,最适氮源是蛋白胨,以胞外多糖产量为指标的最适碳源是蔗糖,最适氮源分别是尿素、蛋白胨;菌株ZY02的菌丝体生物量为12.626g/L与ZY03的胞外多糖产量为11.5148mg/L在分别以2%蔗糖+0.2%蛋白胨、2%蔗糖+0.3%蛋白胨组合试验中值最大;不同碳、氮源对荷叶离褶伞菌丝体生物量及胞外多糖产量的影响不呈正相关,菌株ZY02、ZY03分别是各指标下的适宜发酵菌株。     

灵芝胞外多糖高产菌株筛选及其深层发酵培养基的优化

运用反馈抑制理论构建了耐灵芝胞外多糖 (EPS)反馈抑制的筛选模型。添加在筛选培养基中的其指示因子同源胞外多糖浓度为 2 .34g/L。将实验室保藏的 37株灵芝菌株输入该模型 ,即可检出耐灵芝胞外多糖反馈抑制作用最强、产胞外多糖能力最强的菌株GL0 2 9。然后在基础培养基的基础上用正交试验方法优化GL0 2 9深层发酵培养基。结果表明 ,组合碳源和组合氮源培养基最适合该菌株深层发酵生产灵芝胞外多糖。深层发酵培养基配方为 :蔗糖 10 g/L ,玉米粉15 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 g/L ,酵母膏 1g/L ,KCl 0 .5g/L ,KH2 PO4 ·7H2 O 0 .5 g/L ,pH自然。于 30℃、12 0r/min摇瓶培养 9d ,该菌株的胞外多糖产量高达 3.0 7g/L。     

赤芝G2深层发酵优化模式的研究

以菌丝体生物量为主要指标,研究了发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、C/N比、无机元素等营养因子和接种量、装液量、初始pH、转速等非营养因素对赤芝G2菌丝生长的影响。研究结果表明,赤芝G2规模发酵最适培养基配方为：豆饼粉2％,玉米粉3％,KH2PO40．1％和MgSO40．05％。发酵76h,菌丝体生物量最高(1．15g/100mL);发酵62h,胞内多糖含量最高(22．15％);发酵60h,胞外多糖含量最高(3．16％)。赤芝G2菌丝深层发酵的优化条件为：起始pH自然,种子液摇瓶装量40％,规模培养装液量20％,接种量10％,发酵培养时间76h。     

灵芝属3个种菌丝生长的最适碳源、氮源及温度比较

通过试验研究5种碳源、氮源和温度对灵芝属(Ganoderma)3个种菌株的菌丝生长速度和长势的影响,其结果表明:试验范围内,灵芝(G.lingzhi)P1、肥城树舌灵芝(G.applanatum)和紫芝(G.sinense)的最适碳源分别为蔗糖、葡萄糖和麦芽糖;3个不同种菌株的最适氮源均为酵母膏;灵芝P1菌丝最适生长温度为25℃,肥城树舌灵芝和紫芝菌丝适宜生长温度范围为25℃~30℃。     

液体发酵蜜环菌培养条件的优化及菌体多糖的分离

以四因素三水平的正交实验设计培养基中碳源、氮源浓度，对蜜环菌进行液体发酵，通过对生长的菌丝体干重的测定得到该菌株生长最适培养基配方，并证明氮源为其生长的最重要因素，同时对该菌株的培养优化条件进行了研究，并提取蜜环菌菌体多糖，发现液体发酵菌体的多糖含量远高于人工栽培的蜜环菌菌素。     

一株新疆灵芝的鉴定及生长和产糖性能初探

以新疆阿勒泰采集的灵芝子实体XJ-001为试材,采用组织分离纯化获得该菌纯培养,以菌丝体基因组DNA为模板进行ITS片段扩增,测序并进行系统发育分析;以5种不同培养基培养菌株,通过比较生长速度,选出适宜母种培养基;摇瓶发酵研究不同碳氮源对菌株菌丝体生物量、胞内及胞外多糖含量的影响。结果表明:根据形态特征结合rDNA-ITS分析,初步将XJ-001鉴定为Ganoderma lucidum,并获得GenBank登录号为KT997431;菌株在玉米粉、豆饼粉琼脂培养基长势最优,生长速度为18.7mm·d~(-1);以葡萄糖、酵母浸粉为最适碳、氮源,在转速150r·min~(-1),30℃培养5d,菌株XJ-001菌丝体生物量、胞内/外多糖含量分别为8.15、1.18、0.05mg·mL~(-1)。该菌株具有生长迅速和产糖较高的潜在性能,可为开发新疆野生灵芝资源提供参考。     

灵芝品种子实体多糖和三萜含量分析与评价

为了选育加工专用型灵芝品种,以灵芝多糖和三萜含量为评价指标,对12个灵芝品种的子实体多糖和三萜含量进行了分析评价.结果表明,不同灵芝菌株的子实体在多糖和三萜含量上存在着一定的差异,其中多糖以薄树灵芝、日本红芝、仙芝、京大、树舌灵芝含量高,三萜含量却以京大、赤芝05、惠州、信州、树舌灵芝、松杉灵芝、日本红芝含量高,并且二者的含量不存在显著的相关性,这为选育灵芝多糖、灵芝三萜含量均高,并适合精深加工专用的灵芝品种提供了理论依据.     

Analysis of petal anthocyanins to investigate coloration mechanism in herbaceous peony cultivars

Petal coloration and anthocyanin compositions of 41 herbaceous peony cultivars were analyzed. Anthocyanins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MSⁿ) coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD). Peonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), pelargonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) were the five major anthocyanins in herbaceous peony cultivars. Deep purple or reddish purple cultivars contained 4–5 anthocyanins, whereas pink cultivars only contained Cy3G5G and Pn3G5G, and their contents were much lower than those of purple cultivars. According to the chemical structures of three anthocyanidins in association with petal coloration, flowers were classified into three phenotypes: 1. “Pn, Cy, and Pg” (all purple flowers including two pink flowers); 2. “Pn, Cy” (pink flowers); 3 “Pn” (light pink and white flowers). The coloration mechanisms of cultivars with the pink and purple flowers were quite different. Correlations between lightness (L*) and chroma (C*), chromatic component a* and total anthocyanins (TA) value, a* and co-pigmentation index (CI) showed opposite tendencies, whereas L* and TA showed the same tendency in each group. High contents of Pn3G5G and Pg3G5G may responsible for the purple coloration of herbaceous peony cultivars.     

金针菇单核体DAN3和M与其杂交双核体G1菌丝阶段基因表达差异的转录组初步分析

以金针菇(Flammulinavelutipes)单核菌株DAN3的基因组为参考,完成单核体DAN3和M及其杂交双核体G1在菌丝阶段的转录组测序与数据分析,比较两个样本间的差异基因,并对差异基因进行GO功能分析和KEGG pathway分析.结果表明:两个样本中共有显著性差异表达的基因86个,其中,在G1中呈上调、下调表达的基因数分别为41、45个,有2个基因在G1中特异表达.GO功能分析结果表明,86个差异基因中有40个基因比对上了GO功能注释,其中18个基因在G1中呈上调表达;单一生物过程和催化活性为显著性富集的功能,相关基因在G1中呈上调表达.KEGG pathway分析结果表明,22个差异基因被定位到17条Pathway,其中10个基因在G1中呈上调表达,包括赖氨酸代谢途径对应基因,3_M和G1菌丝样品中赖氨酸含量分别为1.70×103 ng/mg和1.06×103 ng/mg,说明G1中上调的基因可能与之降解相关;DNA复制是显著性富集的代谢途径,相关基因在G1中呈下调表达.     

不同灵芝菌丝体中三萜与多糖含量的比较

根据十九种不同来源的灵芝菌株的生长速度及长势，从中选出了菌丝体阶段生长性能良好的10个菌株进行液体培养，并测定了菌丝中三萜和多糖的含量。结果表明，不同灵芝菌株在三萜和多糖含量上存在着一定的差异，其中多糖含量以汉城2号，日本灵芝，南韩灵芝为高；三萜含量却以韩国灵芝、灵芝0772、灵芝0771为高，并且二者的含量不存在必然的联系，这为灵芝优良品种的筛选提供了理论依据。     

Correlation of adiponectin gene SNP+45 T/G polymorphism with coronary heart disease

AIM: To investigate the relationship between adiponectin gene SNP+45 polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) in south China Han population. METHODS: The nondiabetic CHD patients diagnosed by the coronary angiography were selected as CHD subjects (153 cases), and 73 healthy adults served as normal control subjects. The polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the distribution pattern of adiponectin gene SNP+45 in all subjects. The levels of plasma adiponectin were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The frequency of T/G + G/G genotype and G allele in CHD patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the adiponectin gene SNP+45 T/G+G/G genotype had a strong positive association with CHD (OR: 2.132, 95.0% CI: 1.034-4.397, P＜0.05). The plasma adiponectin was negatively associated with CHD (OR: 0.868, 95.0% CI: 0.785-0.959, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The T/G+ G/G genotype was a possible risk factor for CHD in southern China Han population.     

芝麻内生细菌G10菌株对芝麻立枯病的生防作用

通过盆栽和小区生防试验测定了内生细菌G10菌株对芝麻立枯病的生防作用。结果表明:G10菌株可以有效防治芝麻立枯病,防治效果分别为81%～89%和61%。利用透明圈法分别测定了G10菌株具有产壳聚糖酶和产蛋白酶的特性;分别利用形态学和生理生化方法对内生菌株G10进行系统地研究,表明该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。     

Comparison of anthocyanins in non-blotches and blotches of the petals of Xibei tree peony

A comparison in non-blotches and blotches of 35 cultivars of Xibei tree peony was investigated to explore flower coloration of Xibei tree peony (the second cultivar group in Chinese tree peony). With high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, six anthocyanins including peonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) were detected in non-blotches and blotches of petals. Total anthocyanins (TA), total flavones and flavonols (TF), and the copigmentation index (CI) were also analyzed. Cyanidin-based glycosides, which accumulated abundantly at the basal petal, resulted in blotch formation. Some peculiar cultivars with only one kind of anthocyanins or without anthocyanins in non-blotches were found in this study. For example, ‘Feng Zi Xiu Se’, ‘Ou Duan Si Lian’, and ‘Xi Wang’ contained only Pn3G5G; ‘Bing Shan Cang Yu’ and ‘Jin Bo Dang Yang’ contained only Cy3G; while no anthocyanins were found in ‘Bing Shan Xue Lian’. Several cultivars were rich in Pg-based glycosides, such as ‘Ni Hong Huan Cai’, and ‘Ju Yuan Shao Nv’. These cultivars would be excellent parents for creating new cultivars with novel flower color in the future.     

Association of OPG gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese Han population

AIM：To investigate the association of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 163A/G (rs3102735) and 245T/G (rs3134069), with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Chinese Han population. METHODS：A total of 205 patients with RA and 171 healthy control subjects were enrolled into this study. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and subsequently confirmed by DNA sequencing. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the risk genotypes and alleles. RESULTS：OPG gene polymorphisms 163A/G and 245T/G were conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The statistical differences in the genotypes of AA, AG and GG at 163A/G locus were found in RA and controls. The G allele was associated with an increased risk of RA, with OR of 1.219 (95％ CI: 1.066~2.339). No significant difference was observed between RA group and control group with respect to genotypic and allelic frequencies of OPG gene 245T/G (P>0.05）. CONCLUSION：The OPG gene 163A/G SNP may be associated with RA susceptibility, and G allele may be the risk factor for developing RA.     

综合法破壁灵芝孢子技术的专利保护分析

灵芝孢子的综合破壁技术专利是公认的无形资产,,对灵芝加工技术科技创新和灵芝产业发展具有重要的作用,应加以重点保护。通过对相关的专利知识产权保护法律法规进行总结分析,详细讨论了灵芝孢子破壁技术的专利维权问题,提出了具体的专利保护措施和建议。加强专利保护,可以为灵芝孢子生产和整个灵芝产业的健康发展保驾护航,保持其市场竞争优势。     

Effects of DHEA and G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on Raji cells

AIM:To investigate the suppressive effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on Raji cells. METHODS:Raji cell line was cultured in vitro in the presence of DHEA at different concentrations ranged from 0.05 μmol/L to 500 μmol/L or G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. The viability and proliferation of the cells pretreated with dehydroepiandrosterone or G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were evaluated. Meanwhile, intracellular activities and mRNA expression of G6PD were analyzed. RESULTS:DHEA and G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides does not influence the viability of cells in culture. Raji cells treated with DHEA at concentration of 50 μmol/L or 500 μmol/L for 72 h or with 10.0 μmol/L G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for 48 h had significant lower cell numbers compared with control (P<0.01). Raji cells treated with DHEA at concentration more than 5.0 μmol/L for 72 h had significant decreased G6PD activities (P<0.01) but no change in mRNA expression levels was observed. With 10.0 μmol/L G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides pretreatment for 48 h, the G6PD mRNA expression levels and activities were significantly decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:DHEA or G6PD antisense oligodeoxynucleotides at specific concentration have suppressive effects on G6PD activities and proliferation in Raji cells to a certain extent, but the suppressive mechanisms are different.