七氟醚或丙泊酚维持麻醉对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后疼痛的影响

目的通过观察不同麻醉维持方式下妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后疼痛的情况,比较七氟醚或丙泊酚维持麻醉对患者术后疼痛的影响。方法选择择期行妇科腹腔镜手术女性患者60例,年龄18~65岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法随机分为七氟醚组(S组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组30例。两组以相同方案麻醉诱导后,S组吸入1.5%~4%七氟醚维持麻醉,P组靶控输注丙泊酚,血浆靶浓度3~6μg/ml。术中维持BIS 40~60。记录术后30 min、1、3、6、24和48 h时患者活动时VAS评分;记录术前1 d、术后3、24和48 h机械性痛阈值;记录术后24 h PCIA按压次数、芬太尼消耗量;记录追加哌替啶的例数和恶心呕吐、寒颤、瘙痒、躁动等不良反应发生情况。结果与术后30 min比较,术后3、6 h两组活动时VAS评分明显升高(P<0.05),术后48 h明显降低(P<0.05)。术后30 min、1和3 h P组活动时VAS评分明显低于S组(P<0.05)。与术前1 d比较,术后3、24和48 h S组机械性痛阈明显降低(P<0.05),术后3 h P组机械性痛阈明显降低(P<0.05)。术后3 h P组机械性痛阈值明显高于S组(P<0.05)。两组PCIA按压次数、芬太尼消耗量、追加哌替啶情况和不良反应发生情况等差异无统计学意义。结论与七氟醚吸入维持麻醉比较,妇科腹腔镜手术中使用丙泊酚静脉维持麻醉可以提高患者术后的机械性痛阈,减轻患者在术后3 h内的疼痛。     

七氟醚吸入麻醉与丙泊酚复合七氟醚麻醉对血糖的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚吸入麻醉对血糖水平的影响.方法 30例全麻患者随机分成七氟醚吸人麻醉组(A组)和丙泊酚复合七氟醚麻醉组(B组),每组15例.观察术前以及手术2h时的血糖浓度.结果 A、B两组手术2h的血糖均比术前明显升高[(6.23±1.45)mmol/L vs.(4.86±0.85)mmol/L和(6.66±1.48)mmol/L vs.(5.11±0.43)mmol/L](P<0.05);但组间差异无统计学意义.结论 七氟醚吸人麻醉与内泊酚复合七氟醚麻醉均不能抑制应激性血糖升高.     

七氟醚-丙泊酚麻醉用于脑室镜手术的临床观察

脑室镜是神经外科微侵袭诊断和治疗技术,可视定位,精细操作.接受脑室镜诊断性或治疗性操作的患者需镇静-镇痛.七氟醚麻醉可以克服局麻对深部组织手术阻滞不完善的缺点,消除牵拉及情绪波动(如焦虑、烦躁、恐惧等)所产生的不良反应(循环波动、术后记忆等),并可缩短手术时间,提高手术质量[1].本研究旨在探讨七氟醚麻醉用于神经外科微侵袭手术即脑室镜手术的临床价值.     

七氟醚与丙泊酚在小儿斜视手术麻醉的应用效果观察

目的 探究在小儿斜视手术麻醉中采用七氟醚与丙泊酚的效果。方法 选取我院2021年10月-2023年 10月收治的72例斜视患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各36例,对照组输注丙泊 酚,观察组吸入七氟醚,比较两组生命体征、麻醉恢复情况、躁动发生率。结果 两组DBP、SBP比较,差 异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）;观察组T2、T3、T4、T5时刻HR高于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察组PACU停留 时间、Steward达到4分时间长于对照组,自主呼吸恢复时间短于对照组（P ＜0.05）,拔除气管导管时间短 于对照组,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组麻醉诱导期、麻醉苏醒期躁动发生率高于对照组,但差 异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 在小儿斜视手术麻醉中使用七氟醚吸入的效果更好,能改善患儿生命 体征,加快自主呼吸恢复时间,值得临床应用。     

七氟醚全凭吸人麻醉在日间妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 观察七氟醚全凭吸入诱导和维持麻醉在日间妇科腹腔镜手术中应用的临床效果.方法 妇科腹腔镜手术患者40例,术前常规禁食禁饮,人手术室后监测ECG、HR、NIBP和SpO2,高流量吸入七氟醚进行麻醉诱导,插入食管引流型喉罩,全程吸人七氟醚维持麻醉,保留患者自主呼吸,必要时手控辅助通气,维持PETCO235～45 mm Hg.缝皮结束时停用吸入麻醉药,患者拔除喉罩通气道后送回麻醉恢复室观察.记录诱导时间、停药至喉罩拔除时间、意识恢复时间(呼之睁眼)和麻醉恢复室停留时间.结果 所有病例麻醉过程平稳,顺利完成手术,围术期均未发生低氧血症、CO2蓄积,血流动力学平稳,手术时间25～40 min.诱导时间为(2.6±0.5)min,停药至喉罩拔除时间为(2.9±1.4)min,意识恢复时间为(4.4±0.9)min,麻醉恢复室停留时间为(21.9±3.8)min.结论 七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉过程平稳,苏醒迅速,可以满足妇科腹腔镜日间手术的麻醉要求.     

Narcotrend监测下七氟醚和丙泊酚全麻苏醒期特征比较

目的观察和比较Narcotrend麻醉深度监测下丙泊酚与七氟醚全麻苏醒期的特征,以及苏醒时的Narcotrend指数(NTI)是否一致。方法选择60例择期行经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术患者,随机分为四组,每组15例。丙泊酚深麻醉组(PD组)和七氟醚深麻醉组(SD组)术中维持NTI在46~37,丙泊酚浅麻醉组(PL组)和七氟醚浅麻醉组(SL组)术中维持NTI在56~47。记录苏醒时的NTI、苏醒时间、拨管迟滞时间。结果苏醒时PD组NTI为84.2±2.7,PL组84.9±2.5,明显低于SD组88.6±3.4与SL组89.9±3.3(P0.05),拨管迟滞时间SD组(9.4±4.6)min,明显长于SL组(4.7±2.4)min(P0.05),PD组与PL组差异无统计学意义。SD组苏醒时间较其余三组明显延长(P0.05),SL组、PD组和PL组苏醒时间差异无统计学意义。结论丙泊酚与七氟醚全麻患者苏醒时的NTI并不一致。     

地氟醚、七氟醚与安氟醚低流量麻醉临床观察

比较地氟醚、七氟醚、安氟醚用于低流麻醉时ＢＰ和ＨＲ改变,苏醒过程、不良反应以及药物费用。方法：４２例ＡＳＡＩⅠ－Ⅱ级择期腹部外科手术病人随机分成地氟醚,安氟醚和七氟醚三组。麻醉诱导后连接Ｃｉｃｅｒｏ麻醉机。降低新鲜气流,地氟醚和安氟醚为０．３－０．５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ,七氟醚为０．８－１．０Ｌ／ｍｉｎ,从回路呼出端向麻醉机回路内注入液吸入麻醉药４－５分钟内使三组病人呼气末麻醉药浓度达到１ＭＡＣ左右,即地氟     

地氟醚与七氟醚麻醉对老年病人术后认知功能的影响

目的 探讨地氟醚及七氟醚复合麻醉对老年病人术后认知功能恢复的影响。方法 70例择期行全膝或全髋关节置换术的病人,年龄均在65岁以上。静注芬太尼、异丙酚、琥珀胆碱快速诱导插管后随机分为地氟醚和异氟醚组。麻醉诱导前及手术后1、3、6及24h应用Mini-Mental State（MMS）测试方法评定其认知功能。结果 与术前相比,两组病人术后1h MMS值均明显降低。地氟醚组由29.5±0.5降至27.8±1.7;七氟醚组由29.2±1.0降至27.4±1.7。其中85％以上病人术后3h MMS恢复至术前水平。两组病人术前及术后1、3、6及24h MMS比较均无显著差异。结论 老年病人应用地氟醚或七氟醚麻醉,其术后认知功能恢复相似,仅有一过性认知障碍。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚复合麻醉对肝炎肝硬化患者术后肝肾功能的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚与七氟醚复合麻醉对肝炎肝硬化患者术后肝肾功能的影响.方法 选择60例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,肝炎肝硬化门脉高压拟行脾切断流术的患者,随机均分为七氟醚组(A组)、丙泊酚组(B组)和丙泊酚复合七氟醚组(C组).三组患者分别采用七氟醚吸入、单纯丙泊酚静脉输注和丙泊酚复合七氟醚维持麻醉,维持患者生命体征平稳.记录术前、术后第1、3、5天肝、肾功能指标.结果 三组患者术后第1、3、5天肝脏酶显著增高(P＜0.05),在术后第1天达到高峰,总胆红素术后第3天达高峰,白蛋白术后第1天显著降低(P＜0.05),术后第3天和第5天与术前比较差异无统计学意义,三组患者均无肝功能衰竭.术后肾功能指标肌酐、尿素氮组内、组间比较差异无统计学意义.结论 丙泊酚与七氟醚复合麻醉对肝炎肝硬化行脾切断流术患者术后早期肝功能有轻度影响,对肾功能无明显影响.     

七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞对肝脏切除术后肝肾功能的影响

目的探讨低流量七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在相同脑电双频指数下三种麻醉方法对术后肝肾功能的影响。方法选择45例ASAI或II级,肝脏右叶部分切除病人,随机均分为七氟醚组(S组)、异氟醚组(I组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组病人均复合硬膜外阻滞。三组病人分别吸入七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)维持麻醉,维持BIS50±5。记录术前、术后第1、3、5天肝脏功能、肾脏功能指标。结果三组病人术后第1、3、5天肝脏酶显著增高,在术后第1天达到高峰,总胆红素术后第3天达高峰,白蛋白术后第1天显著降低,术后第3天和第5天与术前比较差异无统计学意义。三组病人均无肝功能衰竭。术后肾脏功能指标肌酐、尿素氮组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论应用全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞进行肝脏部分切除手术,七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚对肝脏术后肝功能改变无明显区别,术后肾脏功能无明显变化。     

Microvascular changes during anesthesia: sevoflurane compared with propofol

BACKGROUND: We have developed a non-invasive computer-assisted venous congestion plethysmograph to measure the microvascular parameters in the lower limbs. This enables the assessment of microvascular changes following the induction of standardized anesthesia with either sevoflurane or propofol. METHODS: In a prospective randomized trial we measured the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC), isovolumetric venous pressure (Pvi), an index of the balance of Starling forces, and limb blood flow 24 h preoperatively, immediately after induction of anesthesia and on the 1st and 2nd postoperative day. Anesthesia was maintained with either 1.0% sevoflurane and 5 microg/kg/h remifentanil or propofol (3 mg/kg/h), and 5 microg/kg/h remifentanil in 20 female patients undergoing breast surgery. RESULTS: Preoperatively we found no significant differences between the mean CFC values of the sevoflurane group (3.7+/-0.3 ml/min 100 ml tissue/mmHg x 10-3=CFCU) and the propofol group (3.5+/-0.3 CFCU). In the sevoflurane group CFC decreased significantly to 2.9+/-0.2 CFCU, whereas it was unchanged in the propofol group. Both groups revealed a significant reduction in Pvi during steady-state anesthesia. Limb blood flow remained unchanged. There was an overall significant positive correlation between the perioperative fluid substitution and the difference between the preoperative and intraoperative CFC values (r = 0.64, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The decreased CFC in response to sevoflurane may result in less extravasation of fluids into the interstitial space, thereby reducing intraoperative fluid requirements. These data suggest that sevoflurane may be the preferred anesthetic agent in subjects susceptible to large intraoperative fluid shifts.     

Effect of propofol on emergence behavior in children after sevoflurane general anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation (EA) is a postoperative behavior that may occur in children undergoing general anesthesia with inhaled agents. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of propofol administered at the end of sevoflurane anesthesia on the incidence and severity of EA in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Eighty-four children, 2-7 years old, undergoing MRI were enrolled in this randomized double-blind study. No sedative premedication was administered prior to anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in N(2)O/O(2). Group P received propofol 1 mg.kg(-1) and group S received saline. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale (PAEDs) was used to evaluate recovery characteristics upon awakening and during the first 30 min after emergence from anesthesia. Children with PAEDs >16 were considered agitated. EA was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Demographic data and other side effects were analyzed using the Student's t-test. RESULTS: Eighty-three children completed the study. There were 42 children in group P. EA was diagnosed in two children in the propofol group (4.8%) and in 11 children in the placebo group (26.8%, P < 0.05). Time to achieving postanesthesia care unit discharge criteria was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of propofol 1 mg.kg(-1) can significantly decrease the incidence of EA after sevoflurane general anesthesia in children undergoing nonpainful procedures.     

Intraocular pressure more reduced during anesthesia with propofol than with sevoflurane: both combined with remifentanil

BACKGROUND: Short-acting anesthetic agents are suitable and commonly used in ocular surgery. Propofol and remifentanil are known to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), but no information is available regarding the effects of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil on IOP. METHODS: Therefore, a prospective, randomized study was conducted to compare the effects on IOP of two different anesthetic techniques: one based on a total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (Group P, bolus 1.5-2.0 mg/kg, maintenance 3.0-7.0 mg/kg/h); and the other based on sevoflurane (Group S, inhalational induction, end-tidal concentration 0.7-1.2 vol.%). An infusion of remifentanil (10 microg/kg/h) was used with both techniques. In ASA I-III patients with normal IOP undergoing elective cataract surgery, using an applanation tonometer, IOP was measured contralateral to the operated eye at nine predefined time points before, during and after anesthesia. RESULTS: The two groups (n=20 each) were comparable with regard to demographic data and hemodynamic variables. Baseline IOP was 14.2+/-2.8 mmHg (Group P) and 14.1+/-2.4 mmHg (Group S; NS). During and following the induction of anesthesia, IOP was reduced in both groups. Intraocular pressure was significantly lower in Group P (6.0+/-3.2 mmHg) than in Group S (8.9+/-3.4 mmHg) during the induction of anesthesia. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing cataract surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, anesthetic regimens with propofol as well as with sevoflurane, both combined with remifentanil, decrease IOP significantly. The decrease in IOP was significantly more pronounced in the propofol group than in the sevoflurane group.     

七氟烷联合瑞芬太尼对老年患者微创手术后认知功能的影响

目的观察吸入不同浓度和不同时间的七氟烷联合瑞芬太尼对老年患者微创手术后认知功能的影响。方法选择2015~2018年广东省清远市人民医院胃肠外科接受腹腔镜下完全腹膜外腹股沟斜疝修补术(手术时间满足≤1.5 h或≥3 h)的老年患者128例,年龄65~75岁,受教育程度≥6年,体重指数(BMI)19~24,ASAⅡ~Ⅲ,术前1天MMSE评分≥27分。入选研究对象术中吸入不同浓度的七氟烷,术后再根据吸入时间将研究对象分为4组:1.5%七氟烷≤1.5 h组(LS组,n=33)、1.5%七氟烷≥3 h组(LL组,n=30)、3%七氟烷≤1.5 h组(HS组,n=34)、3%七氟烷≥3 h组(HL组,n=31)。术前1 d、术后7 d和术后14 d应用MMSE评分表评估患者的认知功能;分别于麻醉诱导前(T_0)、术后1 h(T_1)、术后6 h(T_2)、术后1 d(T_3)抽取外周静脉血,用ELISA法检测S100β蛋白和IL-6的浓度。结果 4组间术前1 d、术后7 d和术后14 d的MMSE评分均无明显差异(P0.05),HL组术后7 d的认知功能减退发生率明显高于其它3组(P0.05)。LL组T_1、T_2的IL-6和S100β蛋白表达水平明显高于LS组(P0.05),HL组T_1、T_2的IL-6和S100β蛋白表达水平明显高于HS组和LL组(P0.05)。结论吸入1.5%七氟烷联合瑞芬太尼的麻醉方式对老年患者微创手术后认知功能的影响较小,安全性较高。     

Reversal of rocuronium with edrophonium during propofol versus sevoflurane anesthesia

BACKGROUND: The use of volatile anesthetics for maintenance of anesthesia can enhance the action of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants and interfere with the reversal of neuromuscular blockade. In this study, we studied the antagonism of rocuronium with edrophonium-atropine during propofol- versus sevoflurane-based anesthesia. METHODS: Following induction of anesthesia with propofol (2-2.5 mg kg(-1), i.v.) and fentanyl (1-2 microg kg(-1) i.v.), rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v. was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation. Patients were then randomized to receive either a propofol infusion (100 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) or sevoflurane (1.0%, end-tidal) in combination with nitrous oxide 66% for maintenance of anesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored using electromyography at the wrist, and reversed with edrophonium 1.0 mg kg(-1) and atropine 0.015 mg kg(-1) when the first twitch hight (T1) of the train-of-four (TOF) stimulation recovered to 25% of the baseline value. Anesthetic maintenance with propofol or sevoflurane was continued following reversal until a TOF ratio of 0.7 was attained. RESULTS: The clinical duration of action (i.e., time to 25% T1 recovery) was similar during both propofol- (39.3+/-14.6 min) and sevoflurane-based (48.1+/-19.7 min) anesthesia. However, the reversal time from 25% T1 to TOF ratio of 0.7 was significantly longer with sevoflurane [Median 2.8 (range 0.5-18.8) min] compared with propofol [1.5 (0.75-3) min] (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the clinical duration of action after a single dose of rocuronium, 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v., was similar during both propofol- and sevoflurane-based anesthesia. However, the reversal of rocuronium-induced residual blockade was slower and more variable in the presence of sevoflurane.     

Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia

Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a frequent postoperative complication in young children undergoing ENT procedures and it may be exacerbated by sevoflurane anesthesia whereas propofol maintenance has been suggested to decrease the incidence of ED. The aim of this randomized, prospective, double‐blind study was to evaluate the effect of sevoflurane vs propofol anesthesia on the quality of recovery after adenotonsillectomy. Methods: Forty‐two patients were randomized to maintenance with either propofol or sevoflurane for adenotonsillectomy. At the conclusion of surgery, patients were extubated awake. ED and pain were assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) and the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Scale (CHEOPS), respectively. Higher PAED scores (0–20) indicate greater severity of ED. Nursing and parental satisfaction, hospital length of stay, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), anesthetic complications, and subsequent emergency room admissions were also assessed. Results: Median PAED score was 14 in the propofol group and 17 in the sevoflurane group (NS). Propofol was associated with less pain medication required during recovery and a lower incidence of PONV (5.3% vs 36.8%, P < 0.05). Nursing and parental satisfaction as well as time spent in recovery room was similar for the two groups. Conclusion: Propofol anesthesia does not influence agitation after adenotonsillectomy, as measured by the PAED score. A PAED score of ≥10 was not useful in identifying patients with ED. However, propofol maintenance is associated with less need for pain medication in the recovery room and a lower incidence of PONV compared to sevoflurane anesthesia.     

雷米芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻在腹腔镜手术的应用

目的观察雷米芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻在腹腔镜手术的应用中对血流动力学的影响。方法35例全麻下腹腔镜胆囊或妇产科手术病人,男6例,女29例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,以雷米芬太尼1μg/kg、咪唑安定2～3mg、丙泊酚1～2mg/kg、维库溴铵8mg作麻醉诱导后气管插管;麻醉维持为雷米芬太尼0.2μg·kg-1·min-1、丙泊酚2mg·kg-1·min-1微量输注泵恒速输入,吸入1%～2%七氟醚,间断追加维库溴铵4mg。记录诱导前后血流动力学变化。结果注入雷米芬太尼后BP和HR明显下降,注入丙泊酚后进一步下降,气管插管后明显回升,切皮时较插管后下降。气腹后CO、每搏量(SV)和心脏指数(CI)均明显下降;随后逐步回升,放气后恢复或高于基础水平。结论雷米芬太尼和七氟醚均起效快、作用时间短,无蓄积,适用于腹腔镜下的短小手术。