环氧/石墨复合材料介电性能的研究

通过共混法制备了环氧/石墨复合材料,用SEM表征表面形貌。探讨了石墨填充量对复合材料介电性的影响,制备出一种介电常数达87.3、介电损耗为0.18的高介常低介损绝缘材料,为工业化生产低成本高储能密度电容器提供新思路。     

改性石墨/丁腈橡胶复合材料的性能

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、硅烷偶联剂KH 570以及聚乙二醇分别对石墨表面进行了有机改性,通过机械共混法制备了改性石墨/丁腈橡胶复合材料,考察了改性剂种类以及改性石墨用量对复合材料物理机械性能及摩擦性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜表征了石墨在橡胶基体中的分散情况及复合材料磨损表面情况。结果表明,随着改性石墨用量的增加(20份以内),复合材料的物理机械性能有所上升,摩擦系数不断下降;3种改性剂中,KH 570改性石墨所制备复合材料的物理机械性能及摩擦性能较优,当添加20份KH 570改性石墨时,其在橡胶基体中分散较好,磨损表面最为光滑、平整,复合材料的物理机械性能最佳,摩擦系数达到最低值(0.7)。     

新型碳-钛酸钡复合陶瓷膜的制备及介电性能研究

钛酸钡基陶瓷薄膜电容器以其高能量密度成为新能源领域独立动力电源和大容量储能电源的重要研究对象。本论文介绍了采用石墨纸作为电极材料、钛酸钡陶瓷作为介电材料制备陶瓷薄膜电容器的工艺,并利用石墨纸在高温环境下的渗碳来提高钛酸钡层的介电性能的方法,并研究了脱碳处理对复合材料介电性能的影响规律。制备了具有微观结构理想、介电性能优异的碳-钛酸钡复合陶瓷膜。结果表明陶瓷的晶粒大小为1μm左右,介电常数在100Hz 10V测试条件下达到3.9×105。     

石墨烯的制备及石墨烯/PVDF合材料介电性能的研究

通过Staudenmaier法制备了完全氧化的氧化石墨(GO),并通过高温热膨胀制备了单层石墨烯(graphene).用FT-IR、TG和XRD对GO的氧化程度、含氧官能团进行了表征;Graphene的XRD测试结果证明了单层石墨的存在.利用超声共混法制备了graphene/PV DF介电纳米复合材料.介电性能的测试表...     

双马来酰亚胺／BA／石墨介电材料的制备及性能研究

采用原位聚合法将石墨与N，N’-二氨基二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺（BMI）复合制备BMI/石墨介电复合材料。研究了石墨对复合材料的介电性能的影响。结果表明，石墨含量的增加提高了材料的介电常数和介电损耗，在石墨含量为11．975％（质量分数，下同）左右时出现渗流效应。BMI／O，O-二烯丙基双酚A（BA）/石墨介电材料的吸水率较小（低于1．7％）。湿热老化对材料的介电性能影响较大，其介电损耗最大增幅近26％。钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-311可以显著改善石墨颗粒在BMI中的分散效果，同时可提高材料的介电常数。     

高导热系数聚丙烯复合材料的制备及研究

将氧化镁、氧化铝和石墨分别与聚丙烯熔融共混制备导热复合材料,考察了填料种类、基体黏度和增容改性对复合材料导热系数(λ)的影响。结果表明:增加填料含量能逐渐提高λ,且填料的λ直接决定了复合材料的λ;基体黏度越高,复合材料导热性能提高越显著;对氧化镁和氧化铝进行表面改性同时加入增容剂,可以明显减少填料的团聚,形成更多的有效网链,能有效提高复合材料的导热性能。探究了将氧化镁和氧化铝分别与石墨复配来制备高λ的复合材料,发现少量石墨与无机填料复配可以大幅提高复合材料的λ,当聚丙烯/增容剂/氧化镁/石墨质量比为30/10/50/10时,λ达到1.267 W/(m K),比不添加石墨时提高了50%;而对于氧化铝和石墨的复配体系,λ为0.622 W/(m K),相比于未添加石墨时增加了60%。     

微-介孔复合材料的工业放大

考察了采用溶胶-凝胶化学合成法制备微-介复合材料的制备条件对复合材料制备的影响。采用XRD、SEM以及N2物理吸附-脱附等表征手段对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,在加入异丙醇的情况下,采用超声震荡和机械搅拌的混合方式均可以很好地制备壳层均匀的微-介孔复合材料;而在没有异丙醇时,采用两种混合方式制备的微-介孔复合材料的表面比较粗糙,而且壳层结构参数也不相同。在优化了实验室制备条件的基础上,对微-介孔复合材料进行了工业放大。结果表明,采用优化的制备条件制备的微-介孔复合材料完全满足指标要求,并且制备过程重复性好。     

石墨/铜粉改善双马来酰亚胺复合材料摩擦性能

采用层压成型制备了2类改性双马来酰亚胺纤维复合材料,分别考察了石墨、铜粉的用量对纤维复合材料摩擦性能(摩擦系数,磨损率)和力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜对复合材料的磨损表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明:石墨对改善双马来酰亚胺的摩擦磨损性能较铜粉更有效。石墨的质量分数为3%时,复合材料的摩擦磨损性能和力学性能达到最佳。     

柔性石墨复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用热压法制备出不同种类树脂－柔性石墨复合材料,研究了树脂种类与用量对复合材料的体积密度、肖氏硬度、电阻率、压缩率及回弹率等性能的影响;利用SEM分析了树脂含量对复合材料表面形貌的影响。结果发现,呋喃－柔性石墨复合材料的综合性能最佳。     

复合电沉积Cu-石墨复合镀层的研究

利用电沉积方法制备了铜-石墨复合材料,研究了表面活性剂丙酰胺和OP乳化剂;石墨微粒的粒度和含量、电流密度、搅拌强度等因素对石墨在复合材料中复合量的影响。实验结果表明,丙酰胺和OP乳化剂的合理配比有利于增加复合材料的石墨复合量且能够使石墨在复合材料中分布更为均匀。在Jκ为4A/dm2、n为500 r/min、石墨微粒d小于5μm、溶液中ρ(石墨微粒)30g/L、ρ(丙酰胺)为5mL/L、ρ(OP)为2mL/L,n(丙酰胺)∶n(OP)为1.5∶1.0的条件下制备的电沉积铜-石墨复合材料中石墨的分布均匀,复合量最大。     

Dielectric properties of epoxy/graphite flakes composites: Influence of loading and surface treatment

Epoxy-rich carbon-based composites are well recognized materials in industries owing to their good mechanical properties and thermal stability. Here, dielectric properties of composites based on bisphenol-A-epoxy resin loaded with 5, 6, 10, and 15 wt% of graphite flakes (GF) have been studied. The frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss, and ac conductivity have been examined in temperature (−103 to 97°C) and frequency (20 Hz–200 kHz) range. Influence of the filler surface chemistry have been studied for composites loaded with 5 wt% GF obtained: (i) under wet milling, without or with adding Triton-100x as a surfactant, or (ii) under dry milling in the presence of KOH. The composite made of epoxy loaded with 5 wt% exfoliated expanded graphite flakes (EEG), was also prepared. The surface treatment with KOH notably increased dielectric constant of the composite, keeping low dielectric loss, while treatment with Triton-100x significantly increased tanδ. The composite loaded with exfoliated expanded graphite shows higher ac conductivity than those obtained with flaky graphite, GF. Possibility to change dielectric properties of the composites without changing the loading content can be used as an approach in tailoring one with desired dielectric properties.     

双马来酰亚胺树脂基高介电材料的制备及性能研究

采用原位聚合法将石墨和CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)与双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)、二烯丙基双酚A(BA)复合制备石墨/BMI/BA和CCTO/BA/BMI高介电复合材料。研究了石墨和CCTO含量对复合材料的介电性能的影响,结果表明,石墨含量的增加提高了材料的介电常数和介电损耗,在石墨含量约为11.975%时出现渗流效应,介电损耗增长较大,但最大值仍小于1。CCTO含量的增加也提高了材料的介电常数和介电损耗,材料的介电常数最大时为纯BMI/BA树脂的19倍;而介电损耗较小,最大值小于0.08。     

Influence of carbon‐based nanofillers on the electrical and dielectric properties of ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposites

A comparative study of ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposites based on expanded graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers has been carried out to investigate the effect of different carbon nanofillers on the electrical properties of the corresponding composites. The composites were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion of fillers in ethylene vinyl acetate solution, followed by casting and compression molding. The dependence of AC conductivity and dielectric constant on the frequency and filler concentration was investigated. Carbon nanofibers provided maximum conductivity as well as lowest percolation threshold (8.2 vol%) compared to expanded graphite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes filled composites. The improvement in both electrical conductivity and dielectric constant was attributed to the high filler aspect ratio and the formation of conducting networks. The relationship of dielectric constant with filler volume fraction for all the composite systems is estimated using a power law. The pressure sensing capability of the composites at respective percolation thresholds was also compared. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Natural graphite reinforced fluoroelastomer composites: Morphological,mechanical, thermal,dielectric, and solvent transport studies

Fluoroelastomer (FKM) composite embedded with natural graphite (NG) was prepared and its thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and solvent transport properties were explored as a function of NG loading. The morphology of the composites was done by AFM, SEM, and TEM analysis, and XRD provides the structural analysis. The composite with 20 phr of NG content showed the highest tensile properties and thermal stability and was supported by fracture surface SEM analysis. Enhancement in polymer-filler interaction in the composite was further confirmed by the increase in T_g value obtained from DSC analysis. The dielectric permittivity value showed tremendous increment by 30 phr of NG addition with decreased dielectric loss. The resistance to solvent uptake with increase in NG loading by the formation of tortuous pathway is also a clear evidence for the exfoliation of the graphite flakes in the FKM matrix. Better inclusion of NG in FKM matrix efficiently enhanced the thermal, mechanical, dielectric and the transport properties of the composites.     

Electrical,dielectric, and electromagnetic shielding properties of polypropylene‐graphite composites

The conducting polymer composite material is desired to have a high dielectric constant and high dissipation factor in low and high frequency ranges, so that it can be used in charge storing devices, decoupling capacitors, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Currently, on‐going research is trying to enhance the dielectric constant of ceramic powder‐polymer, metal powder‐polymer, and nanotube‐polymer composites in the low frequency region. In this article, we present the dielectric properties of polypropylene (PP)‐graphite (Gr) composites in low and radio frequency ranges. Furthermore, the EMI shielding properties of these composites are examined in the radio frequency range. The PP‐Gr composites were prepared by mixing and the hot compression mold technique. The electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of PP‐Gr composites with graphite volume fraction follow the power law model of percolation theory. The percolation threshold of the composites is estimated to be 0.0257 (～ 5wt % of Gr). The current of PP‐Gr composites as a function of voltage shows a nearly ohmic behavior above the percolation threshold. Shore‐D hardness of the composites is decreased with the addition of conducting filler. The PP‐Gr composites exhibit a high dielectric constant and high dissipation factor with the addition of graphite in low frequency and radio frequency regions, so they can be used in the proposed applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

The origin of the electric and dielectric behavior of expanded graphite–carbon nanotube/cyanate ester composites with very high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss

High performance expanded graphite (EG)–multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/cyanate ester (CE) composites with very high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and low percolation threshold were developed. In order to understand the electric and dielectric behavior of EG–MWCNT/CE composites, EG/CE and MWCNT/CE binary composites were also prepared for comparison. Results show that the ternary composites have greatly different electric and dielectric properties from the binary composites. The percolation threshold of the EG–MWCNT/CE composite is much lower than that of either the EG/CE or MWCNT/CE composite. With the same content of conductive fillers, the EG–MWCNT/CE composite shows a much higher dielectric constant than EG/CE and MWCNT/CE composites. In addition, to obtain the same dielectric constant, the dielectric loss of the EG–MWCNT/CE composite is lower than that of either binary composite. The difference is attributed to the synergistic effect between EG and MWCNT. The addition of EG not only improves the dispersion of MWCNTs in the resin matrix, but also helps to form conductive networks. An equivalent circuit model is proposed.     

石墨纸-BaTiO_3/PI一体化复合薄膜的制备及研究

聚合物复合薄膜超级电容器因其可实现大面积制备、性能可靠等优点,引起了能源领域的广泛关注。如何实现导电层与介电层的一体化加工制备,是叠片式薄膜超级电容器的重要研究方向。本文介绍了以溶液混合法制备的钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜作为介电材料,以石墨纸作为电极材料以及复合薄膜的载体,利用提拉法制备石墨纸-钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺一体化复合薄膜,实现导电层与介电层直接成型的一体化制备过程。利用红外(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、EIS和LCR电桥仪对复合薄膜进行表征分析。实验结果表明聚酰亚胺亚胺化完全,钛酸钡在复合薄膜中分散良好,复合薄膜的介电损耗非常小,很好地满足了高介电材料的应用要求。     

改性钛酸锶/PVDF复合材料介电性能研究

采用具有强络合能力的酒石酸在碱性溶液中对SrTiO3陶瓷颗粒进行表面改性,将改性后的SrTiO3颗粒与聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)经热压共混成型,制备出系列陶瓷/聚合物基复合材料,对改性SrTiO3/PVDF复合材料进行了介电性能分析。结果表明:添加了改性SrTiO3的复合材料比未改性SrTiO3复合材料的介电常数增加值达34%以上,同时,改性复合材料的介电损耗仍保持较低水平;随着改性SrTiO3在复合材料中含量的增加,介电常数也随之增加,介电损耗仍保持不变,改性后的陶瓷/聚合物复合材料表现出优异的综合介电性能。     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅复合薄膜电学性能的研究

用均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)与4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体,以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂,通过超声机械共混法制备聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅(PI/SiO2)复合薄膜,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)分别对PI复合薄膜的结构和表面形貌进行了研究表征,通过concept 80宽带介电谱测试系统对复合薄膜电学性能进行了研究。结果表明:在一定的频率下,不同无机纳米粒子含量的复合薄膜中,介电常数和介电损耗角正切随无机纳米质量分数的增加而增大。