莱州市寺庄金矿区第二金矿富集带成矿规律

通过对山东省焦家断裂金矿带近5年的深部地质找矿工作,在该带南部地段的寺庄金矿床深部发现了特大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。该金矿床与产于第一矿化富集带中的浅部金矿床之间有100～250m垂深的无矿间隔,构成第二矿化富集带。通过深部勘查,寺庄金矿床深部范围内共圈出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号3个矿体群、163个矿体,其中在主裂面下盘的黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩带内发现了规模较大的盲矿体Ⅰ-1号矿体,其资源储量占总量的39.39%,取得了深部找矿的重大突破。本文以此为基础,对矿区深部第二矿化富集带金矿成矿规律进行了总结分析,以带动山东省深部找矿工作的开展。     

山东省焦家矿区深部超大型金矿床及其对“焦家式”金矿的启示

通过三年的地质勘查研究,发现了山东焦家矿区深部105吨特大型金矿床,圈定了89个矿体,归并为4个矿体群,其中Ⅰ-1号主矿体沿焦家断裂主裂面分布。焦家矿区共探获金矿资源储量230多吨,成为世界级超大规模金矿床。通过焦家深部金矿床和浅部金矿床对比研究,揭示了新的金矿成矿规律:浅部金矿床和深部金矿床之间为无矿间隔或弱矿化带;金矿床矿体厚大部位在剖面上产于焦家断裂由陡变缓转折点下部;焦家带金矿床构成了沿"一条构造带、二段矿化富集带、三层矿化蚀变带"产出的矿床模式。通过同位素年龄测定,焦家断裂断层泥的K-Ar年龄为131.05～123.53Ma和48.57～41.18Ma,早期指示断裂构造的主要形成期与金矿的主成矿期同步;晚期金矿的同位素年龄略晚于郭家岭花岗岩年龄,略早于崂山花岗岩年龄,位于伟德山花岗岩年龄值高峰段内,说明伟德山花岗岩岩浆活动是导致"焦家式"金矿成矿的直接因素。     

山东焦家金矿带深部找矿的重大突破及其意义

通过5年时间对山东焦家金矿带深部的地质找矿工作,发现了位于莱州寺庄矿区深部的特大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿.该矿床与产于焦家断裂第一矿化富集带中的寺庄矿区浅部金矿床之间有100～250m垂深的无矿间隔,构成第二矿化富集带.认为胶西北地区3务主要金矿控矿断裂--三仓断裂、焦家断裂、招平断裂具有明显的相似性,形成上陡下缓的铲状断层,构成了沿玲珑花岗岩与早前寒武纪地质体边界分布的大型伸展构造带.建立了焦家式金矿新的成矿模式:在伸展构造主断面附近的岩石受到强烈的伸展剪切应力,产生倾向与伸展滑动方向一致的一系列伸展断层,构造岩为变形均匀的碎粒岩和糜棱岩,形成浸染状蚀变岩型矿石;主断面之下,由伸展引起的剪切应力,产生了具共轭剪节理性质的网状裂隙带,形成网脉状矿石;远离主断面,岩体上拱造成的引张作用产生近直立的裂隙带,形成脉状矿石.指出焦家金矿带深部成矿远景区在该断裂平面位置的西侧,而非其东侧的玲珑花岗岩分布区.     

甘南地区金矿找矿标志与找矿模型——大水、早子沟、拉尔玛金矿床对比分析

选择甘南地区勘查程度达到详查、研究程度较高的大水、早子沟、拉尔玛3个大型、超大型典型金矿床为研究对象,在简要介绍甘南地区区域地质概况及3个典型金矿矿区、矿体特征及勘查程度的基础上,重点总结、提炼了3个金矿的找矿标志和找矿模型,兼顾分析总结了有效的勘查方法手段。认为3个金矿床较高的勘查程度为找矿标志、找矿模型的总结研究提供了良好的基础;断裂破碎带、以闪长玢岩或花岗闪长(斑)岩为主的中酸性岩脉及Au、As、Hg、Sb元素土壤化探异常和强硅化,是3个金矿的共性找矿标志;反映地质-地球化学找矿模型的主要地质、地球化学要素为断裂、中酸性岩脉、硅化和以Au、Sb元素为主的低温异常组合;大比例地质填图、1∶1万土壤测量及地表探槽揭露化探异常、钻探、硐探系统控制矿化带及矿体是3个金矿的有效勘查方法手段。研究成果对甘南地区或相似区域的金矿找矿和深部勘查工作应具有一定的参考意义,可为类似矿区的勘查工作部署和工程布置提供参考。     

焦家金矿田Ⅰ号主矿体地质特征及找矿方向

以往对焦家金矿田主矿体研究都是按勘查区进行,具有一定局限性,不能完全揭示主矿体的地质特征。本文利用纱岭矿区、纱岭矿区前陈矿段在赋矿标高-2000m以浅的最新勘查成果,首次打破勘查区概念,将以往各勘查区主矿体凌乱编号统一划分、圈定,对主裂面下盘蚀变、矿化中心部位的碎裂岩及其内赋存的Ⅰ号主矿体地质特征进行重新梳理,系统总结、归纳。发现主断裂控制的含矿地质体产状从地表向深部明显变缓,蚀变带内碎裂岩厚度及矿体形态、规模、品位、厚度与断裂带角度有关。浅部倾角陡,矿体形态呈不规则脉状且分支较多、规模小;深部倾角缓,矿体形态呈似层状、大脉状,规模大。断裂带上盘无明显矿化,下盘以黄铁矿化为主,由内向外产出形态依次为细粒浸染状-浸染状、细脉状、短脉状-细脉、网脉、短脉状。通过总结成矿规律,预测焦家金矿田深部找矿方向主要集中在Ⅰ-3号主矿体深部及按侧伏方位预测深部金矿富集区内,集中在384线至480线,-2000m至-3000m标高之间,预测金资源量300t。     

胶东焦家特大型金矿床深、浅部矿体特征对比

焦家特大型金矿床由以往提交的焦家金矿床、马塘金矿床、寺庄金矿床和近年来发现的寺庄深部金矿床、马塘深部金矿床、焦家深部金矿床组成,金资源储量大于600吨.该矿床由4个矿体群组成,深部矿体有306个.深部Ⅰ-1号、Ⅱ-1号和Ⅰ-12号主矿体相互平行且在水平投影图上部分叠合,深部Ⅰ-12号、Ⅰ号主矿体与浅部Ⅰ号、1号主矿体相...     

冀西石湖金矿矿体赋存规律及深边部找矿前景

在分析成矿地质背景和矿区地质特征的基础上,提出了石湖金矿区断裂破碎带赋存工业矿体的条件,总结了矿体矿化富集规律和产出特征,利用包裹体测温方法进行了矿体侧伏规律的研究.基于金矿体赋存规律的研究,并结合EH-4勘查技术,提出在101矿带深部和南部具有很好的找矿前景.     

刘屯金矿床Ⅰ,Ⅱ地段深部找矿预测

刘屯金矿床由刘屯(Ⅰ)和金屯(Ⅱ)两个地段组成.作者通过矿床地质特征、深部地球物理特征、金矿体地球化学异常模式判别及矿体剥蚀程度预测等研究,对刘屯金矿床深部成矿提出了新看法,认为Ⅰ地段矿体已剥蚀到中下部,40 m以下矿化尖灭;Ⅱ地段矿体剥蚀至头部,向下有较大延深,可进一步开展深部找矿.     

山东省麻湾金矿区矿床特征及找矿标志

麻湾金矿是胶东金矿集中区一个典型的热液充填—交代蚀变碎裂岩型金矿床.在地质背景分析基础上,对矿区内一新矿段的矿化带、矿体(Ⅰ1与Ⅰ2)、矿石矿物特征,以及围岩蚀变类型进行了较详细总结,并系统分析和归纳了各类找矿标志,指明了找矿的方向.     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带某金矿地质特征及找矿潜力远景

该金矿床产于雅鲁藏布江缝合带北亚带蛇绿构造混杂岩带内,是目前在雅鲁藏布江缝合带内发现的唯一成型金矿床,规模已达到中型。本文在详细论述该矿床地质特征、矿体空间展布形态的基础上,总结了找矿标志,在此基础上初步分析矿区及区带内的找矿潜力,对今后在该地区开展金矿勘查工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。