一种稠油油溶性降粘剂的合成与评价

以多元醇、马来酸酐及丙烯酸为单体,设计合成了一种油溶性稠油降粘剂,研究了合成条件,降粘剂的加量和加入温度对降粘效果的影响。最佳合成条件为:多元醇、丙烯酸、马来酸酐的物质量比为1.0∶0.4∶1.0,反应温度为115～120℃,反应时间为4.5～5 h;当降粘剂的加量为750 mg/L,温度在50℃时,降粘率达到86.90%,具有最佳的降粘效果。     

稠油乳化降粘减阻输送技术进展

稠油具有密度大、粘度高的特点,采用传统的加热输送工艺存在能耗高等弊端,研究加热输送以外的稠油降粘减阻输送技术具有重要意义。重点介绍了稠油乳化降粘减阻输送技术的原理与技术经济特性、乳化降粘剂的类型与筛选方法、乳状液稳定性的评价方法及其影响因素、破乳的机理与改善破乳效果的措施,并介绍了典型的稠油乳化降粘减阻输送技术应用的工程实例,最后总结分析了该技术现存的问题、发展方向,指出了进一步研究的重点。     

稠油开采用耐高温抗盐乳化降粘剂

介绍了耐高温抗盐乳化降粘剂S -5 ,该剂是一种磺酸盐型聚合物表面活性剂 ,可用于乳化降粘法开采稠油 ;评定了该降粘剂在高温处理前后的降粘效果以及该降粘剂在硬水中乳化稠油的能力 ;讨论了降粘剂相对分子质量对其降粘效果的影响     

稠油破乳降粘减阻剂技术研究与应用

从曙采混合稠油集输工艺出发,以混合稠油为研究对象,研制出新型稠油破乳降粘减阻剂,对乳化油的剂备,流动、减阻性、含水量、破乳、降粘、配伍、脱水性进行管道集输问题进行研究,结果表明,加入后降粘减阻显著,并且具有优异的破乳脱水性能。     

超稠油复合降粘剂SDG-3的研究和应用

针对塔河油田超稠油开采难度大、常规油溶性和水溶性降黏剂存在较大局限性的问题,采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、NaOH、氯乙酸、醇类和混合芳烃为原料,制备了一种高效复合降黏剂SDG-3。考察了其分散原油重组分能力、界面活性、乳化性能、降黏性能、耐温耐盐性和破乳性能。结果表明：SDG-3能分散超稠油中重组分,质量分数1%的SDG-3在不含水条件下使原油黏度从181 000 mPa•s降低至81 989mPa•s,降低了54.7% ; 使地层水（矿化度2.2×105mg/L）-超稠油(1.81×105mPa•s)界面张力由27mN/m降低至0.32mN/m,对超稠油乳化效果优于常规水溶性降黏剂,形成的O/W乳状液平均粒径为2.5μm,对委内瑞拉、中海油、塔河超稠油降黏率均达到99%以上,优于常规油溶性降黏剂降黏率的72.6%,耐盐度达2.2×105mg/L,耐高温达140℃,与油田破乳剂配伍性好。在塔河油田进行现场实验期间,日平均节约稀油率66.6 %,平均提高稠油采收率为14.4 %。     

聚醚类水溶性化学降粘剂THEC的室内评价

研制了一种聚醚类乳化降粘剂。本实验旨在评价浓度、矿化度、油水比对降粘效果的影响,并考察了降粘剂与破乳剂的配伍性。结果表明,该降粘剂降粘效果好,对后续破乳无影响。     

枝状油溶性稠油降粘剂的合成及评价

聚合物稠油降粘剂的空间规整度和网络结构都有利于破坏稠油的网络结构,降低稠油粘度。从这一点出发,设计合成出一种枝状结构的油溶性聚合物降粘剂。优化反应条件,综合降粘剂的降粘降凝效果和聚合物溶解性,得到枝状骨架的最佳加量为1‰,丙烯酸十二酯、苯乙烯和马来酸酐的单体比为5∶1∶4。并将得到的枝状降粘剂对塔河JT-2、胜利G8和辽河3-SX稠油进行了降粘对比,发现枝状降粘剂对胜利稠油有最好的降粘效果,降粘率达到了69.2%。     

吐哈油田稠油井筒化学降粘的配方研究及室内评价

稠油井筒化学降粘举升技术代表着中高含水开发阶段稠油降粘举升技术的发展方向。目前吐哈稠油井的综合含水已达到51%,有利于稠油化学降粘技术的应用。目前市场上普遍应用的稠油化学降粘剂耐矿化度、耐高温、降粘率、稳定性等均不能满足吐哈中深稠油化学降粘举升的技术需求,为此采用"层状络合"、"分子间形成空间障碍"的思路和引用降低摩阻的思想应用于配方研制中,提高了降粘剂的耐高矿化度及乳状液稳定性。通过室内试验的评价,最终形成了适应吐哈油田稠油井筒化学降粘的降粘剂配方CFS-Ⅱ。     

树枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂的研制

以二乙醇胺、环氧氯丙烷及十八酰氯为单体合成了一种枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂,并通过红外表征其结构。得到了该降粘剂的最佳合成条件如下:n(二乙醇胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(十八酰氯)=1∶3∶1,第1阶段二乙醇胺与环氧氯丙烷的反应温度为80℃,反应时间40 min,促进剂的加量0.8%(占二乙醇胺和环氧氯丙烷总质量百分数);第2阶段用十八酰氯接枝的反应温度80℃,反应时间为6 h。考察了不同温度、不同加量下降粘剂对原油的降粘率,在60℃的条件下,当加量为750 mg/L时,原油的降粘率最高可达43.06%,表现出明显的降粘效果。     

树枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂的研制

以二乙醇胺、环氧氯丙烷及十八酰氯为单体合成了一种枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂,并通过红外表征其结构。得到了该降粘剂的最佳合成条件如下:n(二乙醇胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(十八酰氯)=1∶3∶1,第1阶段二乙醇胺与环氧氯丙烷的反应温度为80℃,反应时间40 min,促进剂的加量0.8%(占二乙醇胺和环氧氯丙烷总质量百分数);第2阶段用十八酰氯接枝的反应温度80℃,反应时间为6 h。考察了不同温度、不同加量下降粘剂对原油的降粘率,在60℃的条件下,当加量为750 mg/L时,原油的降粘率最高可达43.06%,表现出明显的降粘效果。     

Preparation and evaluation of acryloyl morpholine modified emulsion fracturing fluid thickener with high temperature resistance and salt resistance

To prepare the thickener of fracturing fluid with temperature resistance, salt resistance and quick dissolution, an emulsion thickener (ASC) was synthesized by acrylamide, acrylic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and acryloyl morpholine. The dissolution, salt resistance and drag reduction of ASC, and the viscoelasticity, temperature resistance and shear resistance and gel breaking properties of fracturing fluid formed by ASC and zirconium crosslinker were investigated. The results showed that the sticky time of ASC was less than 60 s and the drag reduction rate was 72.5% in 100,000 mg/L brine, showing that ASC had thickening ability in high salinity brine and satisfied the requirements of continuous fluid preparation on the fracturing process. The viscosity of ASC fracturing fluid was 98 mPa s after shearing at 200°C and 170 s⁻¹ for 150 min when the salinity was 100,000 mg/L. When the ammonium persulfate concentration was 400 mg/L, the viscosity of the broken fluid was 4.0 mPa s. The temperature resistance, salt resistance and shear resistance of ASC emulsion fracturing fluid could be significantly improved by the introduction of acryloyl morpholine, ASC fracturing fluid had the characteristics of high elasticity and low viscosity, which could meet the application requirements under ultra-high temperature reservoirs.     

一种阴／非离子表面活性剂的稠油降黏性能评价

合成了一种阴／非离子表面活性剂,考察了油水比、含水率、温度、表面活性剂浓度、矿化度等对降黏效果的影响,确定了最佳条件为：油水比为7：3,温度为50℃,表面活性剂浓度为2500mg／L,抗盐能力可达12000mg／L。在此条件下,对稠油的降黏率达90％以上。     

超稠油用乳化降粘剂的性能评价

分析了温度、油水比和乳化降粘剂R-1,R-2的用量对河南G7412井超稠油HN降粘效果的影响,利用正交实验法研究了R-1和R-2对超稠油HN的降粘效果,两种降粘剂的最佳使用条件为:温度在70℃,用量为0.9%,油水比为4∶6,R-1的降粘率可以达到99.88%;温度在90℃,用量为0.9%,油水比为7∶3,R-2的降粘率可以达到98.92%。红外光谱结果表明,超稠油HN加入R-1后降粘效果明显是由于减少杂环或胺基形成氢键的数量,从而降低了胶质与沥青质之间的缔合度。     

泌304区块稠油乳化降粘剂的筛选与评价

针对泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带泌304区块地下原油粘度高的特点,本文通过化学降粘方法,筛选出能够和稠油乳化并形成水包油（O／W）型乳化液的表面活性剂,优选表面活性剂浓度,研究了温度、矿化度、油水比等对乳状液粘度的影响。     

乳化/润湿耦合作用稠油流动减阻新思路

稠油节能增输是解决常规原油日渐枯竭、保障原油接替的紧迫需求,然而稠油黏度高、流道黏附性强,使其输送异常困难,是稠油节能增效输送技术瓶颈。根据前期研究本文作者发现,活性水作用下稠油乳化降黏的同时可改变稠油与管内壁界面特性,以及稠油提高采收率——润湿性之润湿反转,提出管输稠油乳化降黏及其流固界面润湿耦合作用流动减阻新思路。本文基于国内外相关研究成果的系统分析,探讨稠油乳化降黏、流固界面润湿及耦合减阻的有效性,剖析活性水作用乳化/润湿耦合减阻存在的主要问题,理论分析稠油在管输过程中实现乳化/润湿耦合减阻的可行性。结果表明,乳化/润湿减阻思路在理论上是可行的,而且在表面活性剂作用下乳化降黏的同时管输流固界面润湿反转更容易实施,然而,乳化/润湿减阻实际应用缺乏充分认识尚需深入研究其相关科学问题;其深入研究有望理解与认识流固界面特性对流动阻力的影响作用,可解决管输稠油流动阻力之难题,将为稠油流动改进提供理论与技术支撑,在稠油管输节能增效方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Production of Saponin Biosurfactant from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycyrrhiza glabra</Emphasis> as an Agent for Upgrading Heavy Crude Oil

Saponins are the main group of phytogenic biosurfactants extracted from plants. One of the significant applications of these compounds is upgrading and viscosity reduction of heavy crude oil water in oil (W/O) emulsions. In this research, use of saponin extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra was investigated for viscosity reduction of heavy crude oil and upgrading its API properties. The extracted saponin was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Phase behavior analysis demonstrated a reduction in initial viscosity and improved API gravity of the heavy oil from 2350 mPa·s and 19 to 900 mPa·s and 27, respectively. In addition, the emulsification index (E ₂₄) was found to be 98 % at a saponin concentration of 8 % w/v. It was observed that the emulsions were stable in the pH range of 5.5–13, temperature from 30 to 80 °C and salinity up to 6 % w/v of NaCl solution. Average diameter of W/O droplets evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) were in the range of 10–15 µm. The results obtained from the present research revealed that the extracted saponin improved the physical characteristics of heavy crude oil. We propose the use of saponin as a potential alternative to conventional emulsifiers for upgrading heavy crude oil in petroleum industry.     

稠油降粘方法研究现状

稠油具有密度大、粘度高、轻油含量少的特点,使得开采和输送稠油的工艺难度大,增加了开采和输送的成本,为了能够合理、经济地开采和输送稠油,必须对其进行降粘。对目前稠油开采和输送中的降粘方法及应用概况进行了研究,包括开采中所应用的蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱、火驱法和输送中所应用的乳化降粘法、稀释法、低粘液环输送法、添加油溶性降粘剂法。     

Stabilization of Heavy Oil‐Water Emulsions using a Bio/Chemical Emulsifier Mixture

In this study, the viscosity reduction of heavy oil has been investigated through the formation of oil‐water emulsion using a bio/chemical emulsifier mixture. Four bioemulsifiers from indigenous Rhodococcus ergthropolis and Bacillus licheniformis strains were used to stabilize a highly‐viscous oil‐in‐water emulsion. The Taguchi method with an L₉ orthogonal array design was used to investigate the effect of various control factors on the formation of the oil/water emulsions. An emulsion with lowest viscosity was formed using ACO4 strain. The substantial stability of the oil‐in‐water emulsion allows the heavy oil to be transported practically over long distances or remain stationary for a considerable period of time prior to utilization. As the result of Taguchi analysis, the temperature and concentration of the emulsifier had a significant influence on viscosity reduction of the emulsion.