改扩建地下人防隧道通风除尘技术实践

为了解决人防改扩建隧道在施工时空气质量差,多点平行作业环境下空气易交叉污染,及市区内污染空气排放问题,提出了一种适合于改扩建地下人防隧道的通风除尘系统。针对兰州市某地下人防隧道改扩建工程的具体特点,结合隧道施工及通风规范,确定通风除尘标准,进而计算隧道施工的各项通风降尘技术参数,最终提出了一种混合式通风除尘系统。本系统进排风采用混合式通风方案,局部区段安装局扇加强通风;隧道开挖采用水封爆破,利用洒水喷雾车进行隧道降尘;最终污染空气经自然降尘、水幕和油网过滤器处理后排出。该系统已经成功应用于依托工程,通过有害气体与粉尘现场监测验证了其效果。研究成果将为类似复杂环境下改扩建隧道通风系统的设计与应用提供指导。     

赤岭隧道施工通风技术

结合具体工程概况,介绍了赤岭隧道的进口和出口通风方案,阐明了施工中的通风设计方法和维护要求,提出了施工中的水幕降尘措施,保证了隧道施工的顺利进行,并取得了良好的效果。     

长大隧道通风防尘和空气净化技术

在调研长大隧道通风防尘与空气净化技术的基础上,结合山西省干阳沟隧道斜井通风工程施工技术,针对实际情况和参数进行计算和研究,确定采用水幕降尘与通风机配合使用的通风防尘和空气净化方案。论文阐述了长大隧道施工中关于通风方式、设备选型、通风管理及控制扬尘等方面的研究及实践成果。     

鹰鹞山隧道通风防尘设计及实施

针对隧道施工通风的重要性，根据工况实际对隧道无轨运输作业提出了能有效改善作业环境的通风方案与施工实际相适应的通风设备，研究了现场防尘降尘等技术措施，从而保证隧道施工环境安全。     

综合环保技术在长大隧道施工中的应用

针对六盘山隧道的环保难题,提出了"水压爆破减尘+湿喷混凝土降尘+小竖井巷道联合通风排尘+自动喷淋捕尘"的长大隧道综合环保施工技术,优化了各项技术参数,有效实现了隧道施工中节能环保的需求。     

特长山岭隧道钻爆法施工中消烟降尘技术探索

钻爆法隧道施工中容易产生大量的粉尘,尤其是采用无轨运输作业时,内燃机械排出的大量废气,对洞内造成长时间、沿程污染,对人体伤害很大。因而,做好消烟降尘工作直接关系到洞内施工作业人员的身心健康以及工程进度。以半岩子隧道钻爆法施工为例,以压入式通风为主,辅以湿式凿岩技术、水封爆破技术、湿喷混凝土技术等环保工艺,采取水雾降尘、内燃机净化等措施,取得了良好的消烟降尘效果。     

东深引水4号隧洞斜井工区施工通风技术

以东深引水4号隧洞通风设计工程为例，从通风设计、参数的选择、风量的计算等方面，介绍了该通风设计方案，并对其降尘设计及通风降尘的效果作了阐述，总结了设计体会。     

公路隧道通风技术现状及发展趋势

隧道通风系统对保障公路隧道内有一个安全、健康、舒适的行车环境而言是必不可少的。文章介绍了公路隧道通风系统的发展概况、公路隧道通风系统的组成及我国公路隧道通风设计规范,阐述了国内外公路隧道常用的自然通风方式、纵向通风方式、横向式通风方式、半横向式通风方式、混合式通风方式及其特点,对公路隧道的通风控制方法(包括直接控制法、间接控制法、程序控制法、组合控制法和基于模糊控制的现代控制方法)和通风节能方案、节能控制方式、节能计算以及通风设备的选型和布置进行了总结,最后指出了公路隧道通风系统未来发展的主要趋势:综合化、网络化、智能化和节能化。     

公路隧道通风照明联动综合节能技术研究

在公路隧道工程中,隧道通风、照明一直是隧道工程界所关注的热点。隧道通风和照明耗能巨大,不仅给交通运营带来了巨大的运营成本,同时也产生了巨大的能源浪费,这与目前建设资源节约型社会是不相适应的。在这种情形下,以隧道通风与照明为角度分析了公路隧道通风、照明的节能技术,探讨了隧道通风和照明的关系,进一步对公路隧道通风和照明的联动综合节能技术进行研究,并提出了隧道通风、照明联动综合节能控制的方案,对正在尝试进行隧道通风和照明联动综合节能控制的隧道,提供了一定的理论研究与技术支持。     

曲线线型对公路隧道运营通风影响研究

曲线公路隧道受曲率半径的影响,其通风效率异于直线隧道。采用FLUENT软件对曲线线型公路隧道通风进行了三维数值模拟,研究了曲线线型对公路隧道运营通风的影响。研究结果表明:曲线隧道通风时,曲线线型影响隧道横断面内风速和压力的分布,使其表现出明显的不对称性,隧道横断面内较大的风速和压力区域越往外侧偏移;曲线隧道通风受曲率半径的影响,曲率半径越小,隧道的相对通风阻力越大,通风效率越低;当曲率半径增大到一定值时,相对通风阻力趋于一定值;当曲率半径大于1 200 m时,相对通风阻力与直线隧道较为接近;因此,从隧道通风动力利用率角度考虑,建议曲线隧道的曲率半径不小于1 200 m。     

长大隧道施工通风消烟除尘新技术

结合我国隧道工程建设的现状,分析了隧道通风空气动力原理,详细地探讨了目前隧道施工中常采用的通风方法,介绍了长大隧道施工通风消烟除尘的新技术,即湿式除尘技术,为长大隧道的快速施工提供了有利保障。     

浅谈黄毛山隧道施工通风技术研究

针对隧道通风施工的重要性,通过具体工程实例,提出了隧道通风设计的标准及原则,分析了隧道烟尘的主要来源及其防治,进行了通风系统的设计计算及选型,最后确定了通风系统的方案,从而确保施工进度.     

Influences of the train-wind and air-curtain to reduce the particle concentration inside a subway tunnel

Subways are used widely for public transportation in major cities and require efficient ventilation systems to maintain indoor air quality in the subway tunnel. A subway tunnel was investigated numerically and experimentally to reduce the particle concentration in subway tunnels. The subway tunnel is 54-m long, 1.65-m high, and 2.5-m wide. The subway tunnel is one-quarter scale of a real subway tunnel. The tunnel has two U-type mechanical ventilation shafts. The steady three-dimensional airflow in the tunnel was analyzed using ANSYS CFX software to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The airflow in the tunnel and shafts was observed numerically using the train-wind and air-curtain. The effects of the train-wind, air-curtain, and electric precipitator were examined experimentally. The ventilation performance in the subway tunnel was observed with respect to the particle concentration in the tunnel. The numerical results suggest proper operating conditions for experimental analysis of the particle concentration. The average velocity of the airflow increases in the shaft when the velocity of the air-curtain increases. The particle concentration at the dust monitoring device after ventilation shaft 1 was reduced significantly in the tunnel when the air-curtain and train-wind were operated.     

钻爆法施工隧道空气质量现场测试

为明确钻爆法施工爆破后隧道的粉尘与有害气体分布情况,检验通风、防尘效果,分别利用风速仪、粉尘仪和气体检测仪对兰渝铁路四座高瓦斯隧道的风速、粉尘和有害气体进行现场测试。测试结果显示:穿山甲风机配合螺旋式风管的压入式通风的效果最好,采用这种配置通风20 min左右,掌子面附近的粉尘、SO₂等有害气体浓度即降至允许浓度以下,通风30 min左右CO浓度降至允许浓度以下。隧道内风速主要受断面大小、掘进长度和通风设备及其维护等影响,隧道断面对净化空气所需要的通风时间影响最大,风管漏风率次之,再次为通风长度。在确保设备维护和通风管理情况下,穿山甲风机高档配合螺旋风管可实现长距离通风。     

CFD modelling of ventilation and dust flow behaviour above an underground bin and the design of an innovative dust mitigation system

To mitigate dust contamination in the mine intake roadway, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study was first conducted to understand the ventilation and respirable dust flow behaviour above the bin. Based on the modelling results, two possible solutions were proposed for dust control, one is modifying the ventilation system to dilute the respirable dust particles, and the other is using water mist dust droppers to suppress and capture the majority of the dust particles. Modelling results indicated that respirable dust particles could be significantly diluted at the operators’ breathing level by increasing the ventilation volume from the horizontal air intake, where 10–13 m³/s of air flow rate was suggested to be a preferable quantity. The mechanism of respirable dust capture using water mist was investigated from classical theory and two phase flow theory, respectively, both of which demonstrated a good dust mitigation effect was achievable. CFD models were employed to investigate the flow behaviour of water mists when sprays were oriented at different directions above the bin. An innovative design of dust control system employing water mist technology with four nozzles was proposed and subsequently built for field implementation. An independent field dust evaluation demonstrated that a reduction up to 68% of respirable dust particles has been achieved in the vicinity of the underground bin, and an average of 40% respirable dust reduction along the belt roadway. The successful application of the new dust mitigation system also demonstrates its potential use in underground longwall faces, roadway development and subsurface tunnel excavations by roadheader.     

复杂地质长大黄土隧道施工技术研究

以西平铁路1标黄土隧道施工为例,从洞口开挖及边仰坡临时防护、洞身开挖及初期支护、通风防尘及施工运输等几方面介绍了复杂地质条件下黄土隧道的施工技术,为今后同类隧道工程积累了一定经验。     

The ventilation and climate modelling of rapid development tunnel drivages

The extraction of minerals and coal at greater depth, employing higher-powered machinery to increase production levels has imposed an increased burden on ventilation systems to maintain an acceptable working environment. A deterioration in the climate experienced within these workings may also adversely affect the health and safety of the workforce. In the UK, mineral extraction is now being practiced at depths of over 1000 m. In addition, the adoption of continuous miner and tunnel bolting support methods has permitted improved development rates to be achieved at the cost of increased emissions of dust, gas and heat and humidity. There is a recognized need to improve the efficiency in the design and operation of auxiliary ventilation systems to maintain an adequate underground environment and climate. Any improvement achieved in the quality, quantity and control of the delivered ventilation will assist in the provision of improved gas and dust dilution and climatic control. Due to the constraints imposed by the mining method, there may be an economic or practical limit to the climatic improvement that may be obtained by the sole use of ventilation air. Where this limit is identified, there may be the need to consider the selective application of air-cooling systems. The paper details the construction of a computer based climatic prediction tool developed at the University of Nottingham. This work builds upon earlier research (Ross et al., 1997, Proceedings of 6th International Mine Ventilation Congress, SME, Littleton, CO, pp. 283–288) that developed a prototype model for short tunnel developments. The current model predicts the psychrometric and thermodynamic conditions within long rapid development single entry tunnel drivages. The model takes into account the mass and heat transfer between the strata, water, machinery and the ventilation air. The results produced by the model have been correlated against ventilation, climatic and operational data, obtained from a number of rapid tunnel developments within UK deep coalmines. The paper details the results of a series of correlation and validation studies conducted against the ventilation and climate survey data measured within 105s district Tail Gate tunnel development at Maltby Colliery, UK. The paper concludes by presenting the results of a case study that illustrate the application of the validated model to the design and operation of an integrated mine ventilation and cooling system. The case study illustrates the effect that an increased depth and hence increased virgin strata temperature has on the climate experienced within rapid tunnel developments. Further investigations were performed to identify the optimum cooling strategy that should be adopted to maintain a satisfactory climate at the head of the drivage.