Replacing 99mTc with 111In Improves MORF/cMORF Pretargeting by Reducing Intestinal Accumulation

Purpose  To reduce accumulation in the abdomen by MORF/cMORF pretargeting, ¹¹¹In was compared to ^99mTc as the radiolabel. Procedures  After receiving either ^99mTc (MAG3)-cMORF or ¹¹¹In (DTPA)-cMORF, normal mice were imaged and killed for pharmacokinetics. Thereafter, tumored mice were pretargeted with MORF-antibody, 48 h later were given an injection of ^99mTc- or ¹¹¹In-cMORF, and finally were imaged repeatedly. Results  The cMORF biodistribution in both normal and pretargeted tumored mice was influenced by its radiolabel. While excretion of both ^99mTc-cMORF and ¹¹¹In-cMORF was rapid and mainly through the kidneys, about 2% of ^99mTc accumulated in the intestines compared to essentially no intestinal accumulation for ¹¹¹In at any time. Tumor accumulation was unchanged. Conclusion  In applications of MORF/cMORF pretargeting intended to image organs deep within the abdomen such as the pancreas, radiolabeling with ¹¹¹In may be superior to ^99mTc.     

Uptake of a Fluorescent Deoxyglucose Analog (2-NBDG) in Tumor Cells

Purpose A new fluorescent analog of d-glucose was recently developed by [Yoshioka K, Takahashi H, Homma T, Sato M, Ki Bong O, Nemoto Y, Matsuoka H (1996) A novel fluorescent derivative of glucose applicable to the assessment of glucose uptake activity of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta 1289:5–9] and shown to be transported into normal cells. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the use of this fluorescent 2-deoxyglucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diaxol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG), as a sensitive probe for monitoring glucose uptake into malignant tumor cells. Procedures MCF-7 breast cancer epithelial cells were grown and plated on coverslips for analysis of 2-NBDG uptake via fluorescence imaging microscopy. Results Steady‐state fluorescence analysis of 2-NBDG uptake displayed rapid uptake for the first one to five minutes, then slowed, reaching an apparent maximum uptake near 20–30 minutes. Addition of 5 mM d-glucose to the media markedly reduced 2-NBDG uptake. Uptake of 2-NBDG in nonmalignant epithelial cells (M-1 epithelial cells) was slow, averaging less than 20% of that observed for tumorigenic cells, the MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the HepG2 liver cancer cell line. Conclusions The preliminary data clearly demonstrate a rapid uptake of 2-NBDG into tumor cells that can be monitored by fluorescence imaging analysis. The uptake displays saturation and competition with d-glucose, all properties expected for 2-NBDG uptake and retention in cancer cells. Additional studies, including comparisons among other malignant cell lines and control cells, will be needed to fully characterize the kinetic properties of 2-NBDG uptake and the potential use of this 2-DG analog as a probe for glucose uptake in malignant cells.     

光学相干断层扫描诊断黄斑部视网膜前膜的评价

目的　探讨黄斑部视网膜前膜的光学相干断层扫描 (OCT)图像特征及临床应用价值。方法　对特发性黄斑前膜 9例和继发性黄斑前膜 13例患者进行经黄斑中心凹的OCT线性扫描并测量膜厚度。结果　OCT图像能清晰显示与视网膜分离或部分分离的前膜 13例 ,并可显示与视网膜紧密粘连的前膜及其对视网膜的牵拉形态改变。结论　OCT能直接客观地显示黄斑前膜横断面特征及其与玻璃体视网膜的关系并能提供定量的分析。     

US-Guided Optical Tomography: Correlation with Clinicopathologic Variables in Breast Cancer

We tested the relat1ionships between total hemoglobin concentration (THC), as measured with ultrasound (US)-guided optical tomography, and clinicopathologic variables in invasive ductal cancers; and we evaluated the clinical significance of THC. Fifty-three patients with 65 invasive ductal carcinomas underwent US-guided biopsy and were scanned with a hand-held probe consisting of a co-registered US transducer and an NIR (near-infrared) imager. The lesion location provided by co-registered US was used to guide optical imaging. Light absorption was measured at two optical wavelengths. From this measurement, tumor angiogenesis was assessed on the basis of calculated THC. We investigated the relationships between maximum THC and clinicopathologic variables (tumor size [≤2 cm or >2 cm], metastasis to lymph node or distant organ, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, status of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67, and triple negativity). The mean maximum THC in the breast cancers was 223.3 ± 106.3 μmol/L. In univariate analysis, HER2 positivity, tumor size, and Ki-67 positivity showed significant correlations with maximum THC (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis including tumor size, and ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 status, HER2 positivity correlated with maximum THC significantly (p = 0.007, parameter estimate 76.44). Maximum THC correlated with HER2, Ki-67 and tumor size in this group of ductal breast carcinomas. Thus, US-guided diffuse optical tomography (US-DOT) may potentially be used to predict tumor aggressiveness in patients with invasive breast cancers.     

光学相干断层成像术检测视网膜厚度的误差研究

目的:探讨光学相干断层成像术(OCT)检测视网膜厚度的误差并对误差原因进行分析。方法:在1个月内随机5次对38例自愿者(共76眼)采用OTC进行视网膜神经上皮层厚度检测,测量结果采用"重复测量回归分析"方法进行统计分析。结果:各位点测量值的类内相关系数(ICC值)在0.53～0.72之间(均大于0.5),表明采用OCT测量视网膜厚度具有良好的可重复性;但各象限点视网膜厚度的ICC值略有差异,产生这些差异除了与OCT仪器的固有因素有关外,还与受检者的依从性等因素相关。结论:OCT是一种可靠的视网膜厚度定量检测工具,但还需克服诸多不利因素以提高检测的精确度。     

X线照片密度与图像灰度之间的关系

目的　研究X线照片密度与图像灰度之间的关系。方法　采用 2 4阶X线标准密度片作为实验对象 ,首先设置实验参数 ,选择不同的分辨率与γ值 ,把X线标准密度片经数字化仪扫描 ,相同扫描参数进行 5次扫描 ,输入计算机 ,在计算机上测量出X线标准密度片的各阶灰度值 ,取 5次扫描所得灰度值的平均值 ,作为最终各阶灰度值 ;然后 ,分析、比较灰度值与相应各阶密度值之间的关系 ,建立数学模型 ,通过计算均方误差最小 ,求X线照片密度与图像灰度之间的关系式。结果　在分辨率 ppi=40 0、γ =0 .9,密度范围 :0 .166～ 3 .2 0之间时 ,得到X线照片密度与图像灰度之间的关系式 ,其标准估计误差是 :0 .0 411。结论　应用本研究所得关系式 ,实现了X线照片密度与图像灰度之间的转换。本研究为X线照片密度测量及数字化像质评价提供了一种科学、有效的方法。     

病理性近视眼底病变的光相干断层扫描病理形态学改变

目的：观察病理性近视眼底病变的光相干断层扫描（OCT）病理形态学改变特征。方法：临床检查确诊为病理性近视患者100例（172眼）行OCT检查。用Macular Thickness Map、Fast Macular Thickness及Line程序扫描黄斑区、视乳头、颞侧大血管弓、色素改变及近视弧等部位。结果：将病理性近视眼底病变按部位不同分为4类，其中，玻璃体视网膜界面病变中89眼（51．7％）可见玻璃体后皮质黏附，黄斑全层裂孔15眼（8．7％），黄斑板层孔2眼（1．2％），黄斑前膜（EMR）11眼（6．4％）。视网膜神经上皮层改变中13眼（7．6％）发生无黄斑裂孔的后极部神经上皮层浅脱离，其中5眼（2．9％）可见后极部视网膜脱离周边部网膜外层劈裂，神经上皮层内层劈裂3眼（1．2％）。33眼（20％）发生视乳头颞侧近视弧处视网膜神经上皮层浅脱离。色素上皮厦脉络膜病变中140眼（81．4％）视网膜色素上皮不均匀萎缩，Fuchs斑10眼（5．7％），近视弧165眼（95．9％），后极部脉络膜广泛萎缩117（68．0％）眼。黄斑区脉络膜新生血管25眼（14．5％）。巩膜改变中后巩膜葡萄肿146眼（84．9％）。结论：OCT可活体观察病理性近视的眼底组织病理学改变，对分析其眼底病变特征及病程观察有重要价值。     

一种提高光学电压传感器温度稳定性的方法

光学电压传感器的测量精确度易受环境温度的影响。通过设计基准电压源,使基准电压源与被测电压源串联共同作用于同一个光学电压传感器,提出一种获取自校准系数的自校准算法,通过自校准系数对光学电压传感器测量结果进行修正,实现对光学电压传感器的温度补偿。基于该方法设计了自校准光学电压传感器,并对其进行了精确度测试。测试结果表明:在-40℃～+70℃的温度范围内,自校准光学电压传感器的测量误差小于±0.12%,其温度稳定性得到了显著提高。该方法简单有效,为实现实用化的高精确度光学电压互感器提供了解决方案。     

Diffuse Optical Tomography of the Breast: Initial Validation in Benign Cysts

Purpose  The purpose of this study was to validate a newly developed diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system on benign cysts in the breast. Procedures  Eight patients with 20 benign cysts were included. Study procedures consisted of optical breast imaging and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for comparison. A reconstruction algorithm computed three-dimensional images for each of the four near-infrared wavelengths used by our DOT system (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). These images were combined using a spectroscopic model to assess tissue composition and lesion size. Results  Twenty cysts were analyzed in eight patients. By using the spectroscopic information, 13 of 20 cysts (65%) were visualized with DOT, confirming their high water and low total hemoglobin content. Lesion size and location showed good agreement with MRI; Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.7 (p < 0.01). Conclusions  DOT can visualize benign cysts in the breast and elucidate their high water and low total hemoglobin content by spectroscopic analysis.     

Use of Optical Flow to Estimate Continuous Changes in Muscle Thickness from Ultrasound Image Sequences

Muscle thickness is one of the most widely used parameters for quantifying muscle function. Ultrasonography is frequently used to estimate changes in muscle thickness in both static and dynamic contractions. Conventionally, most such measurements are conducted by manual analysis of ultrasound images. This manual approach is time consuming, subjective, susceptible to error and not suitable for measuring dynamic change. In this study, we developed an automated tracking method based on an optical flow algorithm using an affine motion model. The goal of the study was to evaluate the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with the manual approach and by determining its repeatability. Real-time B-mode ultrasound was used to examine the rectus femoris during voluntary contraction. The coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) was used to quantify the level of agreement between the two methods and the repeatability of the proposed method. The two methods were also compared by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. The findings indicated that the results obtained using the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained using the manual approach (CMC = 0.97 ± 0.02, difference = −0.06 ± 0.22 mm) and were highly repeatable (CMC = 0.91 ± 0.07). In conclusion, the automated method proposed here provides an accurate, highly repeatable and efficient approach to the estimation of muscle thickness during muscle contraction.     

Optical diagnostics – State of the Art

Excellent results have been achieved in medical optical diagnostics within the last two to four years, the main focus being on the preclinical and laboratory diagnostic fields.In the preclinical field good progress has been made using fluorescence-based monitoring of both cutaneous and subcutaneous large burns. Further experimental results are now available in optical tomography using the latest HF-modulated MCP devices to implement the PDW basic principle. Excellent results have been gained in the animal experiments for fluorescence diagnostics on rheumatic joints and the data resulting from the application of the mathematical deconvolution-technique for tumour monitoring is very encouraging.In laboratory diagnostics the projects have involved the application of optical methods to target nanoparticles on hair follicles, fluorescence-based analysis of biochemical substrate combinations and fluorescence-optical analysis of the cell membrane behaviour under thermal stress. Each of these projects has made a significant contribution to the scientific understanding of the problem on hand.Finally, reference should be made to first results in fused imaging. Images generated by means of optical diagnostics have been fused with conventional radiographs for the first time ever, in such a way that a diagnostic gain was evident in ROC analyses.     

Fusion of [18F]FDG PET with Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography to Improve Validation of Probes and Tumor Imaging

Purpose

Given the progress of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (fDOT) technology, here, we study the additional benefits provided by multimodal PET/fDOT imaging by comparing the biodistribution of 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-d-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) in tumors with three fluorescent probes: a glucose analog, a protease activatable optical probe, and a ligand of αvβ3 integrin.

Procedures

Sequential fDOT/PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging of mice was performed with a custom multimodal mouse support that allows the subject to be transferred between the fDOT and the PET/CT scanners. Experiments were performed in xenografted tumor models derived from the human breast cancer line MDA-MB 231 and compared to ex vivo analysis.

Results

The three-dimensional signals showed that the fluorescent glucose analog is not colocalized with [¹⁸F]FDG, raising questions about its use as a surrogate probe of the PET tracer. Fusion of [¹⁸F]FDG with the other fluorescent probes showed evidence of high variability both for the protease activity and the αvβ3 integrin expression during tumor growth.

Conclusion

The added value of hybrid PET/fDOT over the two modalities was demonstrated for cross-validation of probes and for better characterization of tumor models.     

普通喉镜与视可尼硬质喉镜联用在外伤性颈椎手术气管插管中的效果

目的 评价视可尼硬质喉镜在颈椎外伤性手术中气管插管的效果及安全性.方法 选取48例颈椎骨折脱位手术患者,随机分成两组,单用视可尼喉镜组(S组),普通喉镜与视可尼喉镜联用组(C组),在麻醉诱导后分别以视可尼喉镜或与普通喉镜联用的方法实施气管插管,观察记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管开始时(T1),导管插入时(T2)及导管插入后5min(T3)的HR,SBP,DBP值,插管所用时间、次数及并发症发生情况.结果 最终S组有20例,C组有23例患者数据进入统计.所有病例在各时间点的HR,SBP差异未有显著性变化,而DBP呈现为一先上升后下降的进程,且在T2时,组间比较差异具有显著性.插入气管导管时间上C组显著快于S组,1次插管成功率C组显著高于S组.术后所有患者未见明显的插管相关并发症.结论 快速诱导下对颈椎损伤患者使用视可尼硬质喉镜进行插管安全性好、插管迅速、成功率高,在需缩短插管时间情况下,可以采取联用普通喉镜的方法.     

Optical Quantification of Harmonic Acoustic Radiation Force Excitation in a Tissue-Mimicking Phantom

Optical tracking was used to characterize acoustic radiation force-induced displacements in a tissue-mimicking phantom. Amplitude-modulated 3.3-MHz ultrasound was used to induce acoustic radiation force in the phantom, which was embedded with 10-μm microspheres that were tracked using a microscope objective and high-speed camera. For sine and square amplitude modulation, the harmonic components of the fundamental and second and third harmonic frequencies were measured. The displacement amplitudes were found to increase linearly with acoustic radiation force up to 10 μm, with sine modulation having 19.5% lower peak-to-peak amplitude values than square modulation. Square modulation produced almost no second harmonic, but energy was present in the third harmonic. For the sine modulation, energy was present in the second harmonic and low energy in the third harmonic. A finite-element model was used to simulate the deformation and was both qualitatively and quantitatively in agreement with the measurements.     

Mta-1在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系

【目的】探讨转移相关基因（Mta-1）蛋白在甲状腺肿瘤组织中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系。【方法】选择甲状腺肿瘤石蜡组织标本160例,其中甲状腺癌120例和甲状腺腺瘤40例,另选择正常甲状腺组织50例。采用免疫组织化学SP法检测上述标本中Mta-1蛋白的表达,并检测其肿瘤微血管计数（MVC）,分析Mta-1蛋白的表达与肿瘤血管生成的关系。【结果】甲状腺癌中Mta-1阳性表达和M VC值明显高于正常甲状腺组织和甲状腺腺瘤,其差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。在120例甲状腺癌组织中,Mta-1的阳性表达和MVC值均与是否有颈部淋巴结转移、包膜完整性及 TNM 分期密切相关（ P＜0．01）,而与其他临床病理特征指标无关（P＞0．05）。甲状腺癌组织中 Mta-1表达与MVC 值呈正相关（r＝0．625,P＜0．01）。【结论】Mta-1蛋白的异常表达与甲状腺癌的发生、浸润、淋巴转移等恶性潜能密切相关,其参与了甲状腺癌组织中肿瘤新生血管的生成。     

胃肠道间质瘤27例临床病理及肿瘤标记物分析

[目的]探讨胃肠道问质瘤(GIST)的临床表现及病理特征,分析多肿瘤标记物蛋白芯片(C12)在其诊断中的价值.[方法]27例GIST行常规病理检查和免疫组化染色,观察其临床病理形态及免疫组化特征.用C12检测系统测定分析病例组的12种常见肿瘤标志物的含量.[结果]GIST患者的Vimentin、CD117、CD34阳性表达率高,肿瘤恶性及潜在恶性占了绝大部分(88.9%),C12各项指标的阳性率均很低.[结论]GIST的恶性程度较高,但缺乏特异的临床表现,没有能早期诊断的特异性肿瘤标志物蛋白.CD117、CD34的阳性表达对GIST的诊断有重要意义.     

听神经瘤合并隐匿型脑血管畸形

原发性颅内肿瘤同时并存脑血管畸形的病例是十分罕见的，加上本文报告的一例听神经鞘瘤并隐匿型血管畸形共３１例。本文结合文献复习对其病源学和诊治问题进行了研讨。     

经鼻内窥镜垂体瘤切除术对垂体瘤患者应激因子水平的影响

[目的]探讨经鼻内窥镜垂体瘤切除术对垂体瘤患者应激因子水平的影响.[方法]回顾性分析2016年8月至2019年6月本院收治的62例垂体瘤患者的临床资料,根据手术方法不同将其分为观察组(鼻内窥镜下单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术)和对照组(显微镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术),每组各31例.分析两组患者治疗后的疗效及术后应激因子、...     

肿瘤患者深部真菌感染的临床分析

目的 :探讨肿瘤患者并发深部真菌感染的危险因素、诊断和治疗。方法 :回顾性分析肿瘤患者并发深部真菌感染 86例的临床特征。结果 :表明肿瘤患者并发深部真菌感染的危险因素为 :长期使用广谱抗生素治疗、糖皮质激素治疗、化疗和放射治疗、侵入性医疗操作 ,其中以老年病人和合并慢性基础疾病患者为多见。结论 :合理使用抗生素和糖皮质激素、合适的化疗和放疗、及时早期诊断和抗真菌治疗 ,是降低肿瘤患者深部真菌感染的重要措施     

microRNA在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的表达意义

目的:研究血microRNA的表达差异在上皮性卵巢肿瘤诊断中的作用和意义。方法:以上皮性卵巢癌患者、交界性上皮性卵巢肿瘤患者、正常妇女对照组的卵巢组织、外周血为实验材料,检测其中microRNA表达水平,根据表达差异筛选出具有基因指纹图谱潜能的microRNA簇,并进行诊断效能检验。结果:9个microRNA在上皮性卵巢癌、交界性卵巢肿瘤、正常卵巢组织中表达有显著差异,并且将其作为基因检测平台,诊断敏感性、特异性均达80%～90%。结论:血microRNA可能将广泛应用于肿瘤临床诊断。