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1.
目的 探讨金昌队列人群BMI、血压与新发糖尿病的关系,为该人群防治糖尿病提供参考。方法 采用巢式病例对照研究,以金昌队列第一次随访(2013-2015年)期间新发1 021例糖尿病患者作为病例组,在同期随访期间未新发糖尿病、循环系统及内分泌系统疾病者中,按照性别相同、年龄±2岁进行1:1匹配,选取1 021例对照组,最终共纳入2 042名研究对象。采用多因素条件logistic回归模型、相加及相乘交互模型探讨BMI、血压与新发糖尿病的关系。结果 调整职业、饮酒、糖尿病家族史、高尿酸血症、高TC血症、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症、高LDL-C血症等因素后,多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病的发生风险随BMI、血压的递增呈上升趋势(趋势检验P<0.05)。高血压与超重/肥胖对糖尿病的发生存在相乘交互作用,男性、女性超重/肥胖的高血压患者糖尿病的发生风险分别是体重及血压正常人群的2.04倍(95%CI:1.54~2.69)、3.88倍(95%CI:2.55~5.91)。肥胖且SBP≥160 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)者糖尿病发生风险是体重及SBP正常者的4.57倍(95%CI:2.50~8.34),肥胖且DBP≥90 mmHg者糖尿病发生风险是体重及DBP正常者的3.40倍(95%CI:2.19~5.28)。结论 超重/肥胖及高血压可增加金昌队列人群糖尿病的发生风险,应加强该人群体重及血压健康教育,降低糖尿病发生风险。  相似文献   

2.
目的 分析1991-2015年中国9省份18~64岁成年男性居民吸烟状况与肥胖患病风险的关系。方法 利用"中国健康与营养调查"1991-2015年9轮调查资料,选取参加两轮及以上、有完整人口统计学特征、吸烟状况和体格测量数据的18~64岁成年男性居民作为研究对象,共计32 169名。依据研究对象是否吸烟以及吸烟者每日吸烟数量将研究对象分为不吸烟、轻度吸烟(1~14支/d)、中度吸烟(15~24支/d)和重度吸烟(≥ 25支/d)组。观察不同吸烟程度下研究对象的BMI、腰围、全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖的分布情况,利用两水平混合效应线性回归模型和logistic回归模型分析男性吸烟状况与肥胖患病风险的关系。结果 不同吸烟程度下调查对象的BMI、腰围、全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖的患病率呈现逐年上升的趋势。在校正混杂因素后,轻、中和重度吸烟者BMI分别比不吸烟人群减少了0.19 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.27~-0.10)、0.40 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.49~-0.31)和0.36 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.53~-0.19);腰围分别减少了0.49 cm (95%CI:-0.76~-0.21)、0.80 cm (95%CI:-1.08~-0.51)和0.79 cm (95%CI:-1.38~-0.36)。男性轻、中和重度吸烟者患全身性肥胖的风险分别是不吸烟者的0.70倍(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.62~0.79)、0.61倍(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.55~0.69)和0.78倍(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.65~0.96);患中心性肥胖的风险分别是不吸烟者的0.78倍(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.73~0.84)、0.74倍(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.70~0.79)和0.84倍(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.76~0.95)。结论 1991-2015年间,男性不吸烟与吸烟(轻、中和重度)居民的BMI、腰围和肥胖患病率均呈现显著上升趋势。成年男性居民吸烟与肥胖患病风险呈显著性负向关联。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨BMI和腰围对成年人糖尿病发病的影响。方法 使用"中国慢性病前瞻性研究"(CKB)浙江省桐乡市数据,剔除基线时自报患有恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病患者后,纳入分析30~79岁53 916人。采用Cox比例风险模型计算糖尿病发病风险比(HR)。结果 调查对象累计随访391 512人年(平均随访7.26年)。随访期间,男性944人和女性1 643人被新诊断为糖尿病。多因素调整后,与BMI正常组的人群相比,男性超重和肥胖组糖尿病发病的HR值(95%CI)分别为2.72(95%CI:2.47~2.99)和6.27(95%CI:5.33~7.36)。女性超重和肥胖组HR值(95%CI)分别为2.19(95%CI:2.04~2.36)和3.78(95%CI:3.36~4.26);与腰围正常组的人群相比,男性Ⅰ级(85.0~89.9)和Ⅱ级中心性肥胖(≥ 90.0)组糖尿病发病的HR值(95%CI)分别为2.56(2.22~2.95)和4.66(4.14~5.24)。女性Ⅰ级(80.0~84.9)和Ⅱ级中心性肥胖(≥ 85.0)组HR值(95%CI)分别为1.99(1.80~2.21)和3.16(2.90~3.44)。结论 超重/肥胖以及中心性肥胖人群糖尿病发病风险均会升高。在开展控制体重预防糖尿病的同时,更应控制腰围。  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析不同肥胖类型、不同BMI和腰围水平与成年人糖尿病患病风险的关联。方法 利用2018年中国健康与营养调查数据,依据《成人体重判定》(WS/T 428-2013)重新划分肥胖定义,包括非肥胖、单纯一般性肥胖、单纯中心性肥胖和复合型肥胖。应用两水平logistic回归模型及限制性立方样条模型分析不同肥胖类型、不同BMI和腰围水平与糖尿病患病风险的关联。结果 共纳入7 030名18~65岁居民,其中一般性肥胖率、中心性肥胖率分别为男性16.29%(502/3 082)和42.28%(1 303/3 082);女性14.41%(569/3 948)和37.87%(1 495/3 948);其中复合型肥胖率男、女性分别为14.70%和12.97%。糖尿病患病率为11.28%,其中男、女性复合型肥胖人群糖尿病患病率分别为18.98%和22.07%,高于单纯中心性肥胖人群(16.24%,15.26%)和非肥胖人群(9.65%,5.18%)。男性单纯中心性肥胖、复合型肥胖患糖尿病的可能性分别是非肥胖人群的1.61(95%CI:1.24~2.08)和2.11(95%CI:1.56~2.86)倍;女性单纯一般性肥胖、单纯中心性肥胖和复合型肥胖患糖尿病的可能性分别是非肥胖人群的2.70(95%CI:1.16~6.28)、2.62(95%CI:2.01~3.40)和4.47(95%CI:3.35~5.98)倍。限制性立方样条模型显示:BMI水平与糖尿病患病风险间呈近乎线性正关联;腰围水平与糖尿病患病风险呈显著正关联,其中女性呈非线性升高(非线性P=0.024)。男性BMI≥22.5 kg/m2、女性BMI≥23.0 kg/m2;男性腰围≥85.0 cm、女性腰围≥80.0 cm时,糖尿病患病风险显著上升。结论 复合型肥胖人群患糖尿病的风险更高。BMI处于正常高值、腰围水平处于中心性肥胖前期时,糖尿病患病风险明显上升。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解颈动脉斑块(CP)在江苏省心血管病高危人群中的流行概况及相关影响因素。方法 2015-2016年依托中国心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目,以江苏省6个项目点筛查出的11 392名心血管病高危人群作为研究对象,进行问卷调查、身体测量、实验室检测以及颈动脉彩色超声检测,探讨CP的流行概况,对CP发生的影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果 研究对象年龄为(59.4±8.9)岁,男性4 821例(42.3%)。颈动脉异常5 971例(52.4%),其中颈动脉内中膜增厚1 782例(15.6%),CP 3 811例(33.5%),颈动脉狭窄378例(3.3%)。高龄(OR=2.253,95%CI:2.127~2.386)、城市居民(OR=2.622,95%CI:2.375~2.895)、高血压(OR=1.439,95%CI:1.195~1.732)、吸烟(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.259~1.650)、脉压差增大(OR=1.270,95%CI:1.198~1.347)、FPG升高(OR=1.109,95%CI:1.059~1.161)、LDL-C/HDL-C升高(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.164~1.288)增加心血管病高危人群发生CP的风险,女性(OR=0.558,95%CI:0.494~0.630)、高BMI(OR=0.948,95%CI:0.904~0.994)、较高的文化程度(OR=0.708,95%CI:0.531~0.945)和较高的家庭年收入(OR=0.773,95%CI:0.669~0.894)则降低其风险。结论 江苏省超一半心血管病高危人群颈动脉异常,高血压、高血糖、高血脂和吸烟是相关影响因素。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨职业人群饮酒行为与高血压及SBP、DBP的关联, 分析体质指数(BMI)和血脂水平的中介作用,为职业人群的高血压预防提供参考。方法 基于西南地区职业人群队列,通过问卷调查、体格和血生化检查收集人口学特征、行为生活方式、血压和血脂等情况。采用logistic回归分析和线性回归分析饮酒行为与高血压及SBP、DBP的关联,采用因果中介分析估计BMI、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG和TC的独立和联合中介效应,并结合网络分析探索饮酒行为、BMI、血脂水平与高血压之间的相互关联。结果 共纳入22 887名研究对象,其中新发高血压1 825名。Logistic回归分析发现, 与从不饮酒人群相比,现在饮/既往饮酒可使高血压风险增加33%(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.19~1.48);饮酒行为可使SBP(β=1.05,95%CI:0.69~1.40)和DBP(β=1.10,95%CI:0.83~1.38)增加。联合中介分析发现, BMI和血脂介导了饮酒行为与高血压及SBP、DBP间21.91%、28.40%和22.64%的效应,其中BMI和TG为主要的中介因素,也是饮酒行为、BMI、血脂水平和血压网络中边权和桥强度中心性最高的2个中介节点。结论 饮酒行为与患高血压风险升高有关,BMI和TG是重要的中介因素和网络中关键节点,提示应重点关注饮酒行为、BMI和TG,有助于职业人群的高血压预防。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中入院后血压最大值与出院预后的关系.方法 2014年2-12月在哈尔滨医科大学附属二院神经内科病房采用队列研究方法连续收集471例缺血性脑卒中患者,跟踪测量其入院6 d的血压值.取每例患者6 d血压最大值作为血压水平的指标,将患者出院时生活自理能力Rankin评分量表(mRs)评分作为评判预后结局的指标.数据分析采用χ2、t检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析.结果 以SBP最大值140~159 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)为基准,调整年龄、性别、文化程度、体力活动、人均月收入、吸烟、饮酒、高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、脑卒中史、入院mRs评分、血脂异常、同型半胱氨酸和血糖后,SBP达到的最大值越大,患者出院不良预后的风险越大,SBP最大值为160~179 mmHg的OR值(95%CI)=2.51(1.30~4.85),SBP最大值> 180 mmHg的OR值(95%CI)=2.68(1.27~5.65).以DBP最大值90~99 mmHg为基准,调整多因素后发现DBP达到最大值越大,患者出现预后不良的风险增加,DBP最大值为100~109 mmHg的OR值(95%CI)=1.92(1.00~3.67),最大值> 110 mmHg的OR值(95%CI)=2.78(1.35~5.69).结论 缺血性脑卒中患者入院后血压达到最大值与出院不良预后有关.  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨BMI与全死因死亡和缺血性心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病等死因别死亡的前瞻性关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究队列的10个地区人群数据,剔除基线时自报患有冠心病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺病和糖尿病的个体后,纳入基线时30~79岁的研究对象共428 593人。利用Cox比例风险模型计算9组BMI人群死亡风险比值(HR)及其95%CI结果 研究人群累计随访3 085 054人年(平均随访7.2年)。随访期间男性7 862人、女性6 315人死亡。多因素调整后,与BMI(kg/m2)为20.5~22.4的人群相比,BMI<18.5(HR=1.40,95%CI:1.31~1.50)、BMI为18.5~20.4(HR=1.11,95%CI:1.05~1.17)和BMI≥35.0(HR=2.05,95%CI:1.60~2.61)的人群全死因死亡风险升高。各疾病死亡风险相对较低的BMI(kg/m2)范围:缺血性心脏病为18.5~23.9,脑血管病为<26.0,恶性肿瘤为26.0~34.9,呼吸系统疾病为24.0~25.9。结论 低体重和肥胖人群的全死因死亡与死因别死亡风险升高。人群队列更长期的随访以及更多关于BMI与主要慢性病发病风险的评估,将有助于全面了解BMI对人群健康的影响。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨不同BMI水平对新发急性胰腺炎(AP)发病风险的影响。方法 观察人群来自开滦研究队列,按基线BMI水平分为:正常体重组(BMI<24 kg/m2),超重组(BMI 24~28 kg/m2)和肥胖组(BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2),观察不同BMI组人群新发AP发病密度。经Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,计算累积发病率,以log-rank法进行检验,并采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析基线BMI水平对新发AP事件的影响。结果 共纳入统计分析者123 841人,随访(11.94±2.13)年,共发生AP 395例,总人群AP发病密度为2.67例/万人年,正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组AP发病密度分别为2.20、2.72和3.58例/万人年,累积发病率分别为0.32%、0.40%和0.49%。经log-rank检验,累积发病率的组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.17,P<0.01)。校正多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,与正常体重组比较,肥胖组AP发病风险增加,HR=1.45(95%CI:1.10~1.92)。对年龄及性别进行分层,年龄<60岁时,肥胖组发生AP的HR=1.58(95%CI:1.14~2.19);男性肥胖组发生AP的HR=1.40(95%CI:1.03~1.90)。排除随访2年内发生的AP病例,肥胖组发生AP的HR=1.60(95%CI:1.18~2.15)。结论 肥胖是新发AP的危险因素,中青年男性肥胖人群发病风险更高。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解我国≥18岁居民体重和腰围知晓率及其影响因素,为制定相关防治政策和干预效果评价提供参考。方法 2018年中国慢性病及危险因素监测在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的298个县(区),采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取≥18岁常住居民194 779人,通过问卷调查和身体测量获取研究对象人口学特征。本研究将完成调查且体重和腰围知晓信息完整的179 045人作为研究对象,以性别分层,年龄、城乡、文化程度等分组计算体重和腰围知晓率。采用多因素logistic回归模型,分析≥18岁居民体重、腰围知晓情况相关的影响因素。结果 2018年我国成年居民体重知晓率为45.4%(95%CI:41.9%~48.9%),男性[46.2%(95%CI:42.5%~49.8%)]高于女性[44.6%(95%CI:41.1%~48.2%)],城市[54.3%(95%CI:49.3%~59.3%)]高于农村[35.8%(95%CI:32.1%~39.4%)],低体重居民体重知晓率最高[49.9%(95%CI:44.3%~55.6%)],中心性肥胖、高血压、糖尿病未确诊居民体重知晓率均高于确诊居民,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。成年居民腰围知晓率为11.6%(95%CI:9.7%~13.4%),女性[12.8%(95%CI:10.8%~14.8%)]高于男性[10.3%(95%CI:8.6%~12.0%)],城市[14.6%(95%CI:11.7%~17.4%)]高于农村[8.3%(95%CI:6.5%~10.2%)],糖尿病确诊居民腰围知晓率高于未确诊居民,差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。体重和腰围知晓率均随文化程度、家庭人均年收入的增加呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析提示我国城市、文化程度高、家庭人均年收入高和进行健康体检的居民可能拥有较高的体重和腰围知晓率。结论 我国成年居民中知晓自身体重状况者不到一半,知晓腰围者仅有约十分之一。农村、文化程度和家庭人均年收入低以及肥胖居民需要重点关注。政府有关部门应加强普及体重、腰围对身体健康的重要性,提高我国居民对自身腰围和体重的认识情况。  相似文献   

11.
Little is known about the natural course of fatigue among employees. An adequate understanding of its development and risk factors is important to prevent chronic health complaints and absenteeism. This longitudinal study investigated associations between positive changes in perceived work characteristics (ie, a decrease in job demands, an increase in decision latitude, and an increase in social support) and changes in fatigue by performing hierarchical regression analyses. The work characteristics of the demand-control-support model were selected as predictors. The outcome measures emotional exhaustion and psychologic distress were investigated as secondary outcomes. The results showed that, compared with a stable work situation, positive changes in perceived social support, decision latitude, and psychologic job demands went together with a decrease in fatigue. Similar results were found for the secondary outcomes emotional exhaustion and psychologic distress.  相似文献   

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Previous studies have indicated that obesity is related to a variety of psychosocial problems. Unfortunately, the literature on the relationship between weight status and psychosocial functioning has primarily utilized clinical samples and cross-sectional designs. The current study prospectively explored the relationship between weight gain and changes in psychosocial functioning. Subjects were 195 women and 204 men recruited as part of a larger longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factors, who attended assessment sessions once per year for 2 consecutive years. Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Family Environment Scale (FES) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale 3rd Edition (FACES-III). Subjects were categorized based on their weight status at each year so the effect of a change in weight status on changes in psychosocial functioning could be evaluated. Multivariate measures indicated no changes in psychosocial functioning as a result of change in weight status over a 1-year period for either men or women. It appears that shifts in body weight, at least in a sample of subjects with generally good levels of psychological functioning, are not associated with changes in the measured levels of psychosocial functioning.  相似文献   

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several body composition changes are known to occur with aging. The purpose of this review is to evaluate recent literature examining body composition changes with aging and how these relate to changes in physical function and metabolic risk. RECENT FINDINGS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have observed increases in fat mass and decreases in muscle mass or lean tissue mass in older adults, often in the absence of differences or changes in body weight. Cross-sectional studies have also reported increases in intramyocellular lipid and liver fat in older versus younger adults and related changes in body composition with changes in physical function and metabolic risk, but few longitudinal data are available. Furthermore, most longitudinal studies lack precise methods of assessing body fat distribution and muscle and organ quality, resulting in a lack of detailed and precise information on body composition changes with aging and their relationship to health. SUMMARY: Research to date has outlined a need for more detailed body composition measurements of aging adults. Absence of change in a total body compartment may mask a change in subcompartments that may impact health. Furthermore, intervention studies to determine ways to maintain body composition are consistent with healthy living throughout the aging process.  相似文献   

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In many service organizations, rosters must be constructed weekly or monthly as demand and available personnel change. Once the permanent workforce is fixed, it may not be possible to alter its composition easily, implying that expensive contract labor may be the only option to cover shortages. With respect to nursing resources, this means calling in part-timers, casuals, or agency nurses on a daily basis, or hiring travelers for up to several months at a time. This paper addresses the latter option and presents two models that can be used to solve what we call the nurse addition problem. The first was originally developed to solve the midterm preference scheduling problem and is based on a pattern-view formulation. The second is derived from a shift-view formulation and is solved with a branch-and-price algorithm. In either case, the objective is to hire up to some predetermined number of nurses and assign them midterm schedules that minimize the maximum amount of uncovered shifts per day in the planning horizon. Each roster selected for a new nurse must satisfy a set of hard constraints related to the total working hours, workstretches, time between shifts, and weekend requirements, and a set of soft constraints related to days-on and days-off patterns and transitions from one shift type to another. Extensive testing with data provided by a 400-bed hospital indicated that most instances could be solved in a matter of minutes. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant DMI-0218701.  相似文献   

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I would like to announce to our readership that the currentissue, the last of this year, is the final issue of my ChiefEditorship of Alcohol and Alcoholism. The end of my tenure asthe Medical Council on Alcohol (MCA) Chief Editor marks theculmination of a 26-year association with this journal in variouscapacities, as Assistant Editor for 2 years (from 1978), DeputyEditor for 14 years (from 1980) and finally as Chief Editorfor 10 years (from 1994). During this long and happy association,I have been privileged to witness and participate in eventsand activities which saw the transformation of this publicationfrom essentially a newsletter aimed primarily at the  相似文献   

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