共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
In this paper, analysis of an open type flat plate collector for tannery effluent treatment is presented. The effects of parameters like orientation of collector, film thickness, insolation, ambient temperature and relative humidity on the effluent evaporation rate are studied. It is found that the collector facing south at an inclination of 12.68° and having a solution film thickness of 5 mm gives maximum year round performance. The performance of this open type flat plate collector is compared with that of the conventional pond. 相似文献
3.
The bioethanol industry exerts a significant demand on water supplies. Current water consumption rate in corn dry grind ethanol plants is (11–15) dm3 m−3 of ethanol produced and (23–38) dm3 m−3 for cellulosic ethanol plants. The main goal of this study was to examine the feasibility of use of treated wastewater effluent in place of potable freshwater for cellulosic ethanol production. The effects of using two different types of filtered treated effluent; Bloomington- Normal, IL (Residential type) and Decatur, IL (Industrial/Residential Mix type); on the rate of fermentation and final ethanol yield from a pure cellulosic substrate were evaluated. Characterization analysis of both effluent water samples indicated low concentration of toxic elements. Final ethanol concentrations obtained with Bloomington- Normal and Decatur effluent and with a control treatment using de-ionized water were similar, resulting in 360 g kg−1 (0.36 g g−1), 370 g kg−1 (0.37 g g−1) and 360 g kg−1 (0.36 g g−1), respectively. These findings suggest that with proper characterization studies and under appropriate conditions, the use of treated effluent water in cellulosic ethanol production is feasible. 相似文献
4.
5.
Cong Wang Guoqing Zhang Like Meng Xinxi Li Wenfu Situ Youfu Lv Mumin Rao 《国际能源研究杂志》2017,41(15):2468-2479
To achieve safe, long lifetime, and high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is indispensable. This is especially required for enabling fast charging‐discharging and in aggressive operating conditions. In this research, a new type of battery cooling system based on thermal silica plates has been designed for prismatic lithium‐ion batteries. Experimental and simulations are combined to investigate the cooling capability of the BTMS associated to different number of cooling channels, flow rates, and flow directions while at different discharge C‐rates. Results show that the maximum temperature reached within the battery decreases as the amount of thermal silica plates and liquid channels increases. The flow direction had no significant influence on the cooling capability. While the performance obviously improves with the increase in inlet flow rate, after a certain threshold, the gain reduces strongly so that it does not anymore justify the higher energy cost. Discharged at 3 C‐rate, an inlet flow rate of 0.1 m/s was sufficient to efficiently cool down the system; discharged at 5 C‐rate, the optimum inlet flow rate was 0.25 m/s. Simulations could accurately reproduce experimental results, allowing for an efficient design of the liquid‐cooled BTMS. 相似文献
6.
A periodic thermal model for an evaporative cooling system over the roof has been presented. Open roof pond, water film and flowing water layer are the the special cases of the analysis. The time dependency of solar radiation, ambient air, sol-air and room air temperatures has explicitly been taken into account by expressing as a Fourier series of time for a 24 h cycle. Experimentally observed air temperature of rooms, treated with and without evaporative cooling over the roof, has been found in good agreement with theoretical results. 相似文献
7.
Napoleon Enteria Hiroshi Yoshino Akira Satake Akashi Mochida Rie Takaki Ryuichiro Yoshie Seizo Baba 《Applied Energy》2010
This paper reports the development and construction of the novel solar cooling and heating system. The system consists of the thermal energy subsystem and the desiccant cooling subsystem. The system utilizes both the cheaper nighttime electric energy and the free daytime solar energy. The system is conceptualized to produce both cooling during summer daytime and hot water production during winter. Testing and evaluation of the system had been done to determine its operational procedure and performance. Based on the results, the thermal energy subsystem functioned to its expected performance in solar energy collection and thermal storage. The desiccant cooling subsystem reduced both the temperature and the humidity content of the air using solar energy with a minimal amount of back-up electric energy. The system however, needs further investigation under real conditions. 相似文献
8.
The gas turbine power output and efficiency decrease with increasing ambient temperature. With compressor inlet air cooling, the air density and mass flow rate as well as the gas turbine net power output increase. The inlet cooling techniques include vapor or absorption refrigeration systems, evaporative cooling systems and thermal energy storage (TES) systems. In this paper the thermoeconomic analysis of ice (latent) thermal energy storage system for gas turbine inlet cooling application was performed. The optimum values of system design parameters were obtained using genetic algorithm optimization technique. The objective function included the capital and operational costs of the gas turbine, vapor compression refrigeration system, without (objective function I) and with (objective function II) corresponding cost due to the system exergy destruction. For gas turbines with net power output in the range of 25-100 MW, the inlet air cooling using a TES system increased the power output in the range of 3.9-25.7%, increased the efficiency in the range 2.1-5.2%, while increased the payback period from about 4 to 7.7 years. 相似文献
9.
Enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic treatment of effluent similar to that generated in the fish processing industry were evaluated at 30 °C and 50 °C. Hydrolysis used lipase produced by fungus Penicillium simplicissimum in solid state fermentation with babassu cake as substrate, which has optimal activity at 50 °C. Hydrolysis kinetics was conducted with mixtures of effluent (containing 1500 mg oils and greases/L) and different lipase activities (0–0.67 U/ml of effluent), verifying that with 0.16 U/ml of effluent, 9.69 μmol/ml of free acids were produced after 4 h at 50 °C. Anaerobic biodegradation assays were conducted with effluent submitted to three different treatments: thermophilic (hydrolysis and anaerobic treatment at 50 °C), mesophilic (hydrolysis and anaerobic treatment at 30 °C) and hybrid (hydrolysis at 50 °C and anaerobic treatment at 30 °C). The best results (97.5% of chemical oxygen demand [COD] removal and 105.4 ml CH4/g CODremoved) were obtained with the hybrid treatment in only 68 h. The thermophilic hydrolysis not only reduced the amount of enzyme and the hydrolysis time but also reduced the time and the cost of mesophilic anaerobic treatment, favoring the application of this treatment on an industrial scale. 相似文献
10.
主要对低温热水地板辐射与低温电热地膜辐射供热方式进行分析。分析了低温热水地板辐射与低温电热地膜辐射两种供热系统的节能特性及其适应性;两种供热系统存在的问题及及其在集中供热中的应用发展前景。 相似文献
11.
光伏系统在运行时,冷却太阳能光伏电池板使其达到更高的效率是一个关键因素。适当的冷却可以提高电力效率,并随着时间的推移降低电池退化的速度,从而使光伏组件的寿命最大化。综述了传统冷却技术中自然循环对流冷却、强制对流循环冷却和液冷技术,新型冷却技术浮动跟踪集中冷却系统、混合PV/T系统冷却、混合PV/TE系统采用散热器冷却以及通过使用相变材料来提高太阳能光伏电池板的性能。根据研究的重点、贡献和实际应用分析各技术的优缺点、适合应用的领域及各自技术的经济特点。未来的技术发展方向应是无论选择何种技术来冷却光伏板,都应该保持工作表面温度较低且稳定、简单可靠、能够利用提取的热能来提高整体的转换效率。 相似文献
12.
总结了国内外太阳能制冷低温储粮的研究进展,介绍了太阳能吸收式制冷和吸附式制冷的工作原理及系统组成,分析了太阳能制冷低温储粮的优点、应用前景及尚待解决的问题。 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Xiao Chen Guoqiang Zhang Jianguo Peng Xuanjun Lin Tingting Liu 《Applied Thermal Engineering》2006,26(17-18):2255-2261
A district heating and cooling (DHC) system that utilizes lake water as heat source–sink of heat pumps has been constructed in Xiangtan, a city in Hunan province in south China. An initial analytical study had been carried out before the construction. In this paper, a simplified two-dimensional model is developed to simulate the steady lake water temperature (LWT) distribution during continuous operation. The simulation results indicate that the impacts of the discharge on entering water temperatures (EWT) and the ecological environment of lake are acceptable. Field test results showed that the COP values of the system were, respectively, 0.7–0.85 higher in cooling season and about 0.46 higher in heating season than those of the air-source heat pump (ASHP) units at the same sink and source temperatures. An acceptable payback period of 5.6 years was found through an economic analysis based on the comparison between the initial and operating costs of the system and those of the distributed ASHP units that would have been installed according to initial scheme. 相似文献
18.
An advanced control concept, Predictive Functional Control (PFC), is applied for temperature control of a bench-scaled batch reactor equipped with monofluid heating/cooling system. First principles process models are developed. Based on achieved models, significant process variables, which are difficult or impossible to measure online, are estimated from easily measured variables, and cascade PFC control strategy has been projected and implemented in Matlab RI 4. The dynamics of individual subunits is explicitly taken into consideration by internal model in the control algorithms, and model uncertainty, various process disturbances are compensated by modifi- cation of internal model. The experimental results present an excellent capability of tracking the set point, and the success of PFC technique as a process control paradigm is illustratively demonstrated. 相似文献
19.
20.
Thermodynamic analysis and parametric study of a closed Brayton cycle thermal management system for scramjet 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A closed Brayton cycle thermal management system is proposed for a regeneratively cooled scramjet to reduce the hydrogen fuel flow for cooling, through converting part of the heat from fuel to other forms of energy to decrease the heat that must be taken away by hydrogen fuel. Fuel heat sink (cooling capacity) is thus indirectly increased. Instead of carrying excess fuel for cooling or seeking for any new coolant, the fuel flow for cooling is reduced, and fuel onboard is adequate to satisfy the cooling requirement for the whole hypersonic vehicle. A parametric study of an irreversible closed Brayton cycle thermal management system for scramjet has been performed with external as well as internal irreversibilities. It is known through performance analyses that closed Brayton cycle thermal management system has excellent potential performance over conventional regenerative cooling, due to the reduction in fuel flow for cooling and additional power output. 相似文献