Magnetic Properties of γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation

A new method of preparing nanoparticles by pulsed-laser ablation of a tiny wire was reported, and pure maghemite （ γ-Fe2 O3 ） nanoparticles were synthesized by this method in a mixed gas flux of N2 and O2 at atmospheric pressure. The obtained γ-Fe2 O3 nanopartiles were in the range of 5 to 80 run in diameter and largely spherical in shape. Structural characteristics and morphologies of the nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and TEM , respectively. Moreover, magnetic properties of the obtained 7- Fe, O3 nanopartiles in the temperature range of 300 to 773 K were investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the squareness value of the hysteresis loop decreases with increasing temperature. Both the coercivity and the saturation magnetization of the γ-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles show a constantly decrensing trend with increasing temperature up to the occurrerwe of the transformation from γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3. Especially, at the temperature of 773 K, the γ-Fe, O3 begins to transform to the α-Fe2 O3 phase and the hysteresis loop becomes unclosed .     

表面修饰铂的铜纳米颗粒的制备及催化性能

为探索表面修饰铂的铜纳米颗粒的催化性能,分别以硫酸铜、氯铂酸为前驱物、硼氢化钾为还原剂制备了溶剂稳定的铜和铂纳米颗粒;并以铜纳米颗粒为种子、将氯铂酸溶解其中,在以硼氢化钾为还原剂的基础上制备了表面修饰了铂的铜纳米颗粒。所制备的三种纳米颗粒均为球形,粒径分别为1.7 nm、2.1 nm、2.4 nm.在30℃、1.01×105Pa的条件下,所制备的表面修饰了铂的铜纳米颗粒在环己烯的催化加氢反应中具有比铂纳米颗粒和铜纳米颗粒更高的催化活性。     

The effect of cyclic hardening on fatigue properties of modified asphalt

The phenomenon of cyclic hardening is observed in fatigue tests of modified asphalt controlled by low strain/stress level and it is not clear how the phenomenon affects the fatigue properties of binders. The special time weep tests were performed to investigate the point. Tests results indicate that the cyclic hardening is caused by the rearrangement of molecules in binders, and it can make the inner structure of binders getting stable and increase the fatigue properties of asphalt binders. But fatigue damage occurs when fatigue tests start, no matter the phenomenon of cyclic hardening happens or not. If the controlled load is low, the effect of rearrangement of molecules on material is beyond the effect of fatigue damage so that the cyclic hardening can be observed. When the load conditions get worse, the effect of slight fatigue damages produced in hardening stage will show.     

纳米粒子对复合化学镀镍层性能的影响

在化学镀镍溶液中添加银纳米粒子,在钢铁基体上制备Ni-P／Ag纳米复合镀层。研究了添加银纳米粒子前后镀液的镀速、镀层的厚度、镀态和热处理态的硬度变化,分析了银纳米粒子对镀层性能的影响。研究结果表明,银纳米粒子使得镀层的沉积速率加快,厚度增加,硬度提高。镀层的表面形貌也由于银纳米粒子的存在而发生了改变。     

Aggregation of gold nanoparticles and DNA damage by atomic force microscopy

The plasmid DNA binding and cleavage activities with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were investigated by the integrated tools of UV-vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and DNA electrophoresis. The results showed that the absorbance of Au-NPs decreased at 520 nm and a new absorption peak at 570 nm was found, as the DNA concentration increased, which indicated the particle aggregation. AFM experiments showed that DNA-induced particle aggregation originated from the strong interactions between DNA and Au-NPs, that is, the adsorption of DNA onto the Au-NPs surface would result in particle aggregation. After a short period of time, the Au-NPs were easier to aggregate in the presence of the higher concentration of DNA. At the early stage of incubation, the DNA double helix conformation was substantially changed by particles. The electrophoresis manifested the absorption and damage appeared on the native DNA molecules. With a longer treating time, the molecules were broken into fragments. The DNA damage was deemed to be a gradual process. The nonspecific interactions between DNA and Au-NPs resulted in the binding of DNA to the Au-NPs surface. Consequently, not only Au-NPs were aggregated but also DNA was damaged.     

改性胶粉对聚苯乙烯结构及力学性能的影响

将微波辐射改性胶粉与聚苯乙烯（PS）共混,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、衰减全反射红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、拉伸和冲击试验等研究改性胶粉/PS共混材料的结构和力学性能。结果表明,当改性胶粉质量分数为8%时,改性胶粉/PS材料的冲击强度比PS的强度提高了183%,共混材料中改性胶粉以橡胶相分散在PS基体中,二者之间界面粘结良好。     

葡萄糖改性水性聚氨酯的制备及性能研究

以二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、葡萄糖(PG)为亲水扩连剂和交联剂制备一系列改性阴离子水性聚氨酯自乳化乳液,并制备了改性聚氨酯的固化膜.通过FT-IR对聚合物结构及其膜性能进行了表征,通过动态激光光散射法(DLLS)测定了乳液粒径,并分析了乳液的稳定性、流变性能及固化膜的耐水性、力学性能.FT-IR分析表明葡萄糖已引入聚氨酯主链.随着PG用量的增加,乳液稳定性略有下降.乳液体系的弹性模量G′,损耗模量G″均随着振荡频率的增加而增大.聚氨酯胶膜的耐介质性、力学强度均得到改善.当PG的用量由0%增加至4.68%时,膜的吸水率和吸溶剂率下降,拉伸强度从10.9MPa增加至24.2MPa.     

Morphologies and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resin modified with TDI

The morphology, mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester（UP） resin modified with TDI were studied via dynamic FT-1R spectra, SEM, DMA and mechanical property testing. Results show that companying with the cured cross-linking reaction of UP resin, TDI can firstly react with UP and produce polyurethane（PU）, and then UP and PU form the cross-linking nets together. The impact fracture section morphology of modified UP resin manifested the typical sea- islands structure. Testing of mechanical properties showes that for introducing of PU, the TDI has an obvious effect on the toughness and strength of UP resin. When the ratio of TDI/UP （w/w） was 7.5%, the modified UP resin exhibited the best mechanical properties with flexural strength of 125 MPa, impact strength of 18 kJ·m^-2 and tensile strength of 72 MPa.     

Investigation of rheological properties of TPS modified bitumen

Rheological properties of the virgin bitumen and TPS modified bitumen binders with several percentages of TPS additives were studied.All TPS modified bituminous binders were prepared on a laboratory scale.Dynamic shear rheometer(DSR) strain sweep test was made to measure the linear viscoelasticity areas of various bitumen binders at -20-70 ℃,then temperature sweep test and frequency sweep test were made in the linear viscoelasticity areas.Complex modulus master curves were drawn to analyze and compare various bitumen binders’ rheological properties.Based on the test results,the ideal percentage of TPS additive was brought forward.The results show that TPS modified bitumen binders have more excellent properties at high,medium and low temperatures compared with original bitumen.The dosages of TPS additive are vital to their properties.     

三相悬浮液中SiO_2粒子的表面吸附特性

为了研究高固含量悬浮液制备中稀释液的选配及影响,利用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了纳米Si O2在两相与三相悬浮液中的光学特性,并通过对悬浮液吸光度的分析,研究了纳米Si O2对PEG(200)的吸附特性随体积浓度与制备工艺的变化。结果发现,Si O2/PEG悬浮体系对220~300 nm的紫外光有强烈的吸收;随着乙醇的加入,吸收峰展宽至400 nm,同时对400~800 nm的可见光也有一定吸收作用。以Si O2/PEG悬浮体系的吸收峰为参照,体积浓度低时,三相体系中的Si O2粒子对PEG的吸附受乙醇加入工艺的影响显著;随着Si O2粒子体积浓度的升高,Si O2粒子对PEG的吸附受乙醇加入工艺的影响明显趋弱。经过旋转蒸发后,3种工艺的Si O2/PEG的吸收峰强度位置变化不大,说明乙醇对Si O2粒子吸附特性的影响是可逆的,其他吸收峰的存在说明有一定量的残留乙醇。     

改性果酸粉体的大分子明胶法制备及其缓释作用

采用大分子明胶制备改性果酸粉体,比较了不同干燥方式下得到的果酸粉体的缓释作用,并用红外光谱对不同干燥方式下得到的果酸粉体进行了表征.结果表明,经过明胶改性后制得的果酸粉体,能够有效延长果酸粉体的果酸释放时间.喷雾干燥得到的果酸粉体,其缓释作用优于真空干燥和冷冻干燥得到的果酸粉体.当喷雾干燥的进口温度为140℃,出口温度为110℃时,制得的果酸粉体缓释作用较好.经过大分子明胶改性,通过不同干燥方式得到的果酸粉体,并没有改变果酸的化学结构,不会影响果酸的使用效果.     

SBS改性沥青防水卷材耐热度分析

通过相应的实验,对SBS改性沥青防水卷材耐热度进行分析,讨论了沥青组分及配比,SBS改性剂,卷材结构对耐热度的贡献。根据实验数据探讨各影响因素,通过机理分析,给出提高其耐热度的一般方法。     

丙酮酸壳聚糖的合成及其吸附性能

将壳聚糖与丙酮酸反应,用NaBH4还原制备出丙酮酸壳聚糖(PCTS),并采用红外光谱、场发射扫描电镜及元素分析仪对其结构进行表征.实验结果表明,PCTS最佳工艺条件为:反应时间4.5 h,反应体系pH值为4.5,丙酮酸与壳聚糖上氨基摩尔比为2∶1,取代度为90.6%;在pH为5.4时,1.67 g/L PCTS对30 mL质量浓度为10μg/mL的Pb2+的吸附平衡时间为1.5 h,最大吸附量为27.1 mg/g,优于壳聚糖.     

稀硫酸改性花生壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

研究稀硫酸改性花生壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,探讨了吸附时间、初始浓度、pH值、温度等因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了花生壳的再生和重复使用率.结果显示：改性花生壳对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附率为94.53%,最大吸附量为18.53 mg/g;吸附行为满足Langmuir吸附等温式;花生壳可再生使用.     

改进的UNIFAC模型在萃取精馏回收环已烷中的应用

为了快速有效地选择溶剂,从油田轻烃萃取精馏中获取高纯度环己烷,运用改进的基团贡献法研究了备选溶剂的分离效果,计算了w=85%的环己烷-正庚烷体系在三甘醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、环己醇、四甘醇4种溶剂中的相对挥发度,且计算值和实验值的相对误差〈5%;在单溶剂的基础上,研究了双组分溶剂的分离性能,当（φ溶剂）（∶φ油）=71∶时,环己醇和三甘醇双组分溶剂可以将正庚烷对环己烷的相对挥发度由单溶剂时（〈1.0）提高（1.1596）,说明表示该方法准确有效.     

UV法测定聚甲基丙烯酸酯纳米粒中胰岛素的包封率

建立一种简便易行的测定聚甲基丙烯酸酯胰岛素纳米粒中游离胰岛素含量方法.用Nanosep OD100C33超滤膜分离纳米粒和游离药物,在276 nm处测定药物的吸光度,建立胰岛素含量测定方法,并对线性、回收率、精密度等指标进行考察,最后测定各种胰岛素和载体比例混合的纳米粒的包封率.结果发现,该超滤膜能较好地分离纳米粒和游离的药物,在0.11～1.10 u/mL范围内,药物在276 nm的吸光度和浓度存在良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8),线性方程为A=0.868 8C-0.001 6,高、中、低3种浓度的回收率和精密度良好.该方法操作简单、结果可靠,可用于胰岛素纳米粒中药物包封率的测定.     

石墨烯增强传统砂岩文物修复材料性能研究

川渝地区分布有8000余处石窟和摩崖造像,大部分凿刻于砂岩中,长期环境作用导致砂岩性能劣化,对赋存文化遗产的安全造成威胁.为了提升传统砂岩文物修复材料的性能,将石墨烯纳米片加入传统修复材料中,运用传统工艺制备出"CH@G"灰浆.结果表明,加入石墨烯纳米片的CH@G灰浆的力学性能和体积稳定性较传统材料明显提高.当石墨烯纳...     

Characteristics of non-magnetic nanoparticles in magnetically fluidized bed by adding coarse magnets

The fluidization behavior of SiO₂, ZnO and TiO₂ non-magnetic nanoparticles was investigated in a magnetically fluidized bed (MFB) by adding coarse magnets. The effects of both the amount of coarse magnets and the magnetic field intensity on the fluidization quality of these nanoparticles were investigated. The results show that the coarse magnets added to the bed lead to a reduction in the size of the aggregates formed naturally by the primary nanoparticles. As the macroscopic performances of improved fluidization quality, the bed expansion ratio increases whilst the minimum fluidization velocity decreases with increasing the magnetic field intensity, but for TiO₂ nanoparticles there exists a suitable magnetic field intensity of 0.059 6 T. The optimal amounts of coarse magnets for SiO₂, ZnO and TiO₂ non-magnetic nanoparticles are 40%, 50% and 60% (mass fraction), respectively. The bed expansion results analyzed by the Richardson-Zaki scaling law show that the exponents depend on both the amount of coarse magnets and the magnetic field intensity.     

Microstructural and mechanical properties of A1-4.5wt% Cu rein- forced with alumina nanoparticles by stir casting method

The microstructure and mechanical properties of A1-4.5wt% Cu Mloy reinforced with different volume fractions （1.5vo1%, 3vo1%, and 5vo1%） of alumina nanoparticles, fabricated using stir casting method, were investigated. CMculated amounts of alumina nanoparticles （about ~50 nm in size） were ball-milled with aluminum powders in a planetary ball mill for 5 h, and then the packets of milled powders were incorporated into molten Al-4.5wt% Cu alloy. Microstructural studies of the nanocomposites reveal a uniform distribution of alumina nanoparticles in the A1-4.5wt% Cu matrix. The results indicate an outstanding improvement in compression strength and hardness due to the effect of nanoparticle addition. The aging behavior of the composite is also evaluated, indicating that the addition of alumina nanoparticles can accelerate the aging process of the Mloy, resulting in higher peak hardness values.