基于人工鱼群优化的直推式支持向量机分类算法

提出基于人工鱼群优化的直推式支持向量机分类算法。该算法使直推式学习思想的优势得到充分的展现,在部分UCI标准数据集和20-Newgroups文本实验数据集上的对比实验表明,该算法较经典支持向量机算法和基于蚁群算法的直推式支持向量机算法具有更高的分类性能。     

基于Map Reduce的Bagging贝叶斯文本分类

集中式系统框架难以进行海量文本数据分类。为此,提出一种基于Map Reduce的Bagging贝叶斯文本分类算法。介绍朴素贝叶斯文本分类算法,将其与Bagging算法结合,运用Map Reduce并行编程模型,在Hadoop平台上实现算法。实验结果表明,该算法分类准确率较高,运行时间较短,适用于大规模文本数据集的分类学习。     

基于朴素贝叶斯的问诊推荐系统的设计与实现

面对繁杂的医疗文本信息,有效的管理与储存、快速和准确的分类,并提取出有用信息是目前的研究热点。针对此热点问题,以文本挖掘和推荐算法为背景,对文本分类技术展开研究。对医疗咨询文本进行疾病分类,将病情描述进行文本预处理;通过TF-IDF算法对经过预处理的文本进行特征提取;构建基于贝叶斯分类算法的模型。对自然语言处理、通过贝叶斯分类算法处理数据,实现医疗咨询文本的疾病分类和预测。     

用于能耗数据分析的改进并行BP算法

基于Map Reduce框架的传统BP神经网络算法收敛缓慢,训练易陷入局部极小点,使迭代次数过多,极大浪费资源。为此,提出并实现改进的并行BP算法,采用动态调节学习率、动量因子调整权重修正值,提升BP网络并行训练效率,利用预处理数据和最大分类概率增强分类的准确性。实验结果表明,改进的并行算法能提高分类准确率,缩短近17/18的训练时间。     

基于背景知识和主动学习的文本挖掘技术研究

为了达成好的文本分类和文本挖掘效果,往往需要使用大量的标识数据。然而数据标识不但操作复杂,而且成本昂贵。为此,在基于支持向量机的分类技术框架下,在文本分类和文本挖掘中引入未标识数据,具体的执行通过基于背景知识和基于主动学习两种方法展开。实验结果表明,基于背景知识的文本挖掘方法在基线分类器性能较强的情况下可以发挥优秀的文本挖掘性能,而基于主动学习的文本挖掘方法在一般的情况下就可以改善文本挖掘的性能指标。     

基于非迭代训练层次循环神经网络的快速文本分类算法

基于神经网络的文本分类算法需要较长的训练时间,难以满足在线文本分类的需求.针对这种情况,提出基于非迭代训练层次循环神经网络的快速文本分类算法.为循环神经网络设计了对抗训练模型,缓解层次注意力网络的过拟合问题.给出一种循环神经网络的非迭代训练算法,对激活函数进行线性逼近,快速地学习网络连接的权重.实验结果表明,在英文和中文文本的情况下,采用该算法均获得了理想的分类准确率,并且大幅度地减少了训练时间.     

一种提高文本分类效果的改进流形学习算法

流形学习算法在模式识别领域有着重要应用,针对文本分类数据的特点,提出一种基于邻域选取进行修正的局部线性嵌入算法,用带有权值的欧式距离来构造文本数据的局部邻域,提高文本分类的识别率;同时,利用文本数据的类别信息,运用半监督局部线性嵌入算法构造分类器,提高文本分类的效果。实验表明,本文基于文本分类改进的流形学习算法,能够有效地对文本进行分类。     

Spark平台下的高效Web文本分类系统的研究

针对KNN分类算法在面对海量Web文本处理情况时在单机上训练和测试效率低下的问题,提出基于Hadoop分布式平台以及Spark并行计算模型的无中间结果输出的改进型Web文本分类系统。同时为了充分利用Spark的迭代计算能力,在文本向量化阶段,在传统TFIDF文本特征加权算法的基础上充分考虑特征项在类内和类间的信息分布,提出一种改进的特征加权算法。实验结果表明,该文本分类系统结合Spark计算模型在提高文本预处理、文本向量化以及KNN文本分类算法的性能上有着优异的表现。     

基于Boosting算法集成遗传模糊分类器的文本分类

提出一种新颖的基于Boosting模糊分类的文本分类方法。首先采用潜在语义索引(LSI)对文本特征进行选择;然后提出Boosting算法集成模糊分类器学习,在每轮迭代训练过程中,算法通过调整训练样本的分布,利用遗传算法产生分类规则。减少分类规则能够正确分类样本的权值,使得新产生的分类规则重点考虑难于分类的样本。实验结果表明,该文本分类算法具有良好分类的性能。     

多标签文本分类研究进展

文本分类作为自然语言处理中一个基本任务,在20世纪50年代就已经对其算法进行了研究,现在单标签文本分类算法已经趋向成熟,但是对于多标签文本分类的研究还有很大的提升空间。介绍了多标签文本分类的基本概念以及基本流程,包括数据集获取、文本预处理、模型训练和预测结果。介绍了多标签文本分类的方法。这些方法主要分为两大类：传统机器学习方法和基于深度学习的方法。传统机器学习方法主要包括问题转换方法和算法自适应方法。基于深度学习的方法是利用各种神经网络模型来处理多标签文本分类问题,根据模型结构,将其分为基于CNN结构、基于RNN结构和基于Transfomer结构的多标签文本分类方法。对多标签文本分类常用的数据集进行了梳理总结。对未来的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).