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城市绿化规划是城市生态规划的基本内容。本文以长沙市雨花区为例,运用景观生态学原理,分析了城市绿地系统建设存在的问题,提出了城市生态绿地系统规划的基本内容和生态对策,可为一些城市的生态建设提供参考依据。 相似文献
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基于压力论的城市生态环境质量定量评价模型及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从压力源-压力流-压力汇的角度构建城市生态环境质量评价指标体系,并对上海闵行区的生态环境质量进行了评价,结果表明闵行区城市生态环境质量的压力源虽然逐年来有所增加,但是其城市生态环境质量的支持力则呈现逐年增大的趋势,故闵行区城市生态环境质量总体向较为理想的趋势在发展。 相似文献
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周巍 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,22(3):30-33
以秦皇岛市经济技术开发区为研究样区,基于ADMS-LP计算了秦皇岛经济技术开发区的大气环境容量,并从工程减排、管理减排和结构减排三个方面提出了总量控制措施,以期为在城市规划中确定合理的建设用地布局以及工业企业类型提供依据。 相似文献
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Toronto is among the fastest-growing urban regions in North America. Regional efforts to preserve rural landscapes and remnant
habitat have had variable success. In the 1990s, significant conflict emerged over proposals to build large housing developments
on portions of the Oak Ridges Moraine, a 160-km stretch of environmentally sensitive land along the city’s northern edge.
After years of planning conflict, Ontario’s provincial government created the Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan, an Act
of the Ontario Legislature. The Plan represents a dramatic change in Ontario’s approach to conservation planning. We examine
the development and implementation of the Conservation Plan as an example of environmental planning policy in a complex urban
setting. Data from interviews with policy actors, planning agency documents, and geospatial sources are used to construct
an analysis and discussion of the Plan and its implementation. From a policy research perspective, the evolution and implementation
of the Plan require analysis and monitoring to better understand how such approaches can best be implemented. The Conservation
Plan marks a change in policy in Ontario, and the implementation process highlights challenges in putting conservation plans
into practice. 相似文献
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Urban sprawl and air quality in large US cities 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Stone B 《Journal of environmental management》2008,86(4):688-698
This study presents the results of a paper of urban spatial structure and exceedances of the 8-h national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 45 large US metropolitan regions. Through the integration of a published index of sprawl with metropolitan level data on annual ozone exceedances, precursor emissions, and regional climate over a 13-year period, the association between the extent of urban decentralization and the average number of ozone exceedances per year, while controlling for precursor emissions and temperature, is measured. The results of this analysis support the hypothesis that large metropolitan regions ranking highly on a quantitative index of sprawl experience a greater number of ozone exceedances than more spatially compact metropolitan regions. Importantly, this relationship was found to hold when controlling for population size, average ozone season temperatures, and regional emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, suggesting that urban spatial structure may have effects on ozone formation that are independent of its effects on precursor emissions from transportation, industry, and power generation facilities. 相似文献
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Managing Urban Trees and Their Soil Envelopes in a Contiguously Developed City Environment 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jim CY 《Environmental management》2001,28(6):819-832
Urban Hong Kong is covered by high building, road, and population densities. Its urban morphology is inherently not conducive
to extensive or high-grade greening. Recent renewal of old areas has squeezed out some limited interstitial plantable space,
although in new development areas modest spaces have been earmarked for greenery. The study aims at evaluating the major constraints
to urban trees and their companion urban soil envelopes and at providing specific recommendations to improve tree management
in the city. The analysis covers the above-ground confinements that dampen tree performance, the less tangible but rather
difficult institutional restrictions that impose a somewhat unnecessary lid on tree planting, the multiplicity of players
and stakeholders involved in urban-tree management that militates against coordination and cooperation, the widespread occupation
of underground space by utility lines often to the exclusion of trees, and the extremely poor quality of urban soils that
are often used without amelioration to support tree growth. The management recommendations furnish practical suggestions and
hints to improve the short- and long-term welfare of trees in terms of quality, quantity, and spatial distribution. The conclusion
enumerates some concrete measures for consideration by decision-makers to upgrade the city's greenery to close the gap between
science and policy. 相似文献
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日本是亚洲最先城市化的国家,目前已有86%的人口生活在城市行政区范围内。在城市化的进程中,日本曾出现过各种各样的环境问题,经过半个多世纪的努力,现在的城市生活环境不仅得到根本改善,而且在资源循环利用和低碳社会建设等方面也做出引人注目的成绩。本文从日本城市规划制度和环境政策演变角度,分阶段介绍自1950年以来的城市环境问题、环境法律和有关城市规划建设的政策,逐步展开日本改善城市生活环境、保护地球自然环境的过程,尤其注重从生态城市到低碳社会转型发展的最近政策动向。 相似文献
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S. Edwards-Jones 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1997,40(1):125-142
Legislation and institutional structure have restricted opportunities for the integrated planning and management of Scotland's water resources. There is growing recognition that a more holistic and integrated approach to river management may enable progress in solving some of the problems facing Scottish freshwaters. The River Valleys Project established case studies of participatory integrated catchment planning for two rivers in Lothian Region, the Water of Leith and the River Almond. Nine stages were identified in the development of participatory integrated catchment plans. These involved all agencies and individuals with an interest in river management and a high degree of community participation.The developmentof plans for the Water of Leith and River Almond revealed a wide variety of benefits that can be derived from an integrated approach to river management. 相似文献
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Many cities' municipal governments have made some version of “sustainability” an explicit policy goal over the past two decades. Previous research has documented how the operationalisation and conceptualisation of sustainability in urban sustainability plans vary greatly among cities, particularly with respect to environmental justice. This article reports on whether and how large American cities incorporate environmental justice into their urban sustainability indicator projects. Our findings suggest that while there has been an increase in the number of cities incorporating environmental justice elements into sustainability plans since the early 2000s, their conceptualizations and implementations of sustainability remain highly constrained. The paucity of evaluative tools suggests that environmental justice efforts are potentially losing traction in public debate over macro-scale sustainability concerns (e.g. climate change) or the need for regionally competitive environmental amenities (e.g. parks). This paper concludes with suggestions for revising existing sustainability plans to better reflect environmental justice concerns. 相似文献
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Janne Rinne 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2016,18(3):286-305
The concept of ecosystem services is entering the agenda of land-use planning and scientists optimistically expect it to inform planners and decision-makers about the benefits that ecosystems provide. While tools and methods have been developed for mapping and valuing ecosystem services, only little attention has been paid to the practical application of the approach or its institutional preconditions and implications. We empirically analysed two urban planning processes for building residential areas in the outskirts of growing population centres in Finland. Our analysis of documents and interviews with planners focused on the benefits provided by ecosystems as well as the associated rights and responsibilities. We found that the concept ‘ecosystem service’ was not used, yet various benefits were identified. The rights of different stakeholders to ecosystem services were not explicitly identified, but many ecosystem services were perceived as public goods and particularly access to recreation was highlighted as an important justification for green areas. The results show that while the ecosystem services approach introduces new insights to land-use planning, it is still not embedded in the current practices or institutions. Operationalizing ecosystem services requires institutional adaptation, case-specific tailoring of methods, and deliberation among practitioners and stakeholders. 相似文献
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The literature guides environmental planning and, specifically, how to use ecological rehabilitation projects to achieve long-term
planning goals and landscape-scale environmental sustainability. There is, however, a perceived gap between principles in
the literature and the use of them by practitioners involved in smaller-scale ecological rehabilitation projects. Using interviews
with practitioners involved in 11 projects within the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, we tested whether
practitioners used five principles for effective planning and implementation of ecological rehabilitation that we derived
from the literature. These five principles were: establishing political and ecological context, using ecologically appropriate
objectives and practices, using comparative multidisciplinary and cross-scale approaches, using adaptive planning and implementation,
and establishing good communication within and external to projects. Few projects followed all five principles, and practitioners
indicated that they used three more project-specific principles: obtaining political/social support, promoting projects and
changing attitudes about projects, and securing sufficient and persistent funding to maintain a project's life. While the
literature emphasizes that ecological rehabilitation is only effective if projects are coordinated on a watershed basis, most
practitioners focused solely on the goals of their specific project. The gap between literature and practice may arise because
most practitioners are new to the field of ecological rehabilitation and still are focused on the methods involved. Time pressures
force practitioners to obviate the literature and get projects started quickly, lest support evaporate. Complicating these
difficulties is decreased support from federal and provincial governments for large-scale environmental planning. It is unclear
whether ecological rehabilitation projects in Waterloo Region (at least) will ever become effective at promoting landscape-scale
ecological goals or remain smaller-scale stop-gaps. 相似文献
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环保大数据结合地理信息系统是实现城市环境总体规划空间化、促使环境管理转型的重要举措。城市环境总体规划是我国环境规划制度中的一项尝试,实现环境管理由末端治理转向前端控制的基础性、空间性、综合性、战略性规划。本文在分析GIS在环境规划领域的技术优势基础上,提出城市环境总体规划中生态保护红线划定、环境(生态)功能区划、要素空间管控、环境风险防控、产业布局调控五大技术需求。总结GIS在城市环境总体规划中的五大技术应用:空间基础数据处理与评价模型应用、标准化制图与空间信息表达、信息系统管理平台建设、专业软件数据转换、衔接"多规合一"平台等。最后,提出GIS支持下的环境功能区划和生态保护红线评估等功能模块开发、城环总规信息系统上的环境影响评价模块开发以及环境详细规划控制图则编制方法等探索方向。 相似文献
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伴随着生态环境保护和生态文明建设工作不断发展,中国的生态环境规划经过近45年的探索发展,规划理念与时俱进,规划层级不断提升,规划体系不断优化,规划技术方法不断探索实践,生态环境规划的发展对促进生态文明建设工作、系统谋划环境污染治理,改善生态环境质量发挥了重要作用,但还存在着五年综合规划统领作用未有效发挥、规划实施管理较为薄弱、规划技术支撑不足等问题。在生态文明建设进入到以降碳为重点战略方向、推动减污降碳协同增效、促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型、实现生态环境质量改善由量变到质变、美丽中国建设起步开局的关键时期,生态环境规划要健全规划体系、强化规划空间属性、建立全过程实施管理体系,提升规划编制实施管理水平,进一步发挥规划的基础性、统领性、战略性和创新性作用,促进美丽中国建设目标早日实现。 相似文献
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Animal production, especially pork production, is facing growing international criticism. The greatest concerns relate to the environment, the animals’ living conditions, and the occupational diseases. But human and animal conditions are rarely considered together. Yet the living conditions at work and the emotional bond that inevitably forms bring the farm workers and the animals to live very close, which leads to shared suffering. Suffering does spread from animals to human beings and can cause workers physical, mental, and also moral suffering, which is all the more harmful due to the fact that it is concealed. The conceptual tools used to conceal suffering (“animal welfare,” stress, pain) suggest that the industrial system can be improved, whereas for farmers it is by definition incompatible with animal husbandry. 相似文献