党参乙醇总提物的抗辐射作用研究

目的探讨党参乙醇总提物（total ethanol extract from Codonopsis pilosula,TEC）对60Coγ射线损伤的防护及其治疗作用。方法 70只小鼠受60Coγ射线7.5 Gy照射前后,实验组用2种不同浓度的TEC灌胃,照射对照组小鼠用蒸馏水灌胃,观察不同处理组小鼠的存活率及血像变化情况,在此基础上优选出最佳保护方式;另外对40只小鼠给予8.0 Gy致死剂量照射,观察TEC对小鼠的辐射保护作用。结果 （1）致伤前预防给药,两个剂量TEC均明显提高了30 d存活率以及外周血白细胞计数（WBC）和血小板计数（PLT）;（2）致伤后给药两个剂量均没有显示出显著的治疗效果;（3）给予8.0 Gy致死剂量照射,TEC较照射对照组提高存活率50%,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论 TEC具有较强的辐射预防作用,能显著提高受60Coγ射线致死剂量照射小鼠的存活率,降低辐射对小鼠外周血WBC和PLT的损伤作用。     

白藜芦醇对60Coγ射线照射小鼠氧化损伤的防护

目的研究白藜芦醇对60Coγ射线照射小鼠氧化损伤的防护作用。方法 30只♂ICR小鼠随机分成5组,正常对照组、照射对照组以及白藜芦醇低、中、高剂量(50、100、200 mg.kg-1)照射组,照射前3 d至照后第7天灌服给药,每天1次,共10次。除正常对照组外,所有小鼠60Coγ射线全身6 Gy辐照1次,照射后第7天小鼠取外周血和肝组织标本,测定血清和肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与正常对照组比较,照射对照组小鼠血清和肝组织匀浆中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著下降,MDA含量显著上升。与照射对照组比较,白藜芦醇50 mg.kg-1照射组小鼠血清和肝组织匀浆中SOD和GSH-Px活力有升高趋势,MDA含量有降低趋势;白藜芦醇100 mg.kg-1照射组小鼠血清和肝组织匀浆中SOD和GSH-Px活力显著升高,MDA含量有降低趋势;白藜芦醇200 mg·kg-1照射组小鼠血清和肝组织匀浆中SOD和GSH-Px活力显著升高,MDA含量显著降低。随着白藜芦醇给药剂量的增大,SOD和GSH-Px活力升高,MDA含量降低。结论白藜芦醇可以对60Coγ射线照射小鼠外周血和肝脏产生保护作用,防护效果与给药剂量相关,其作用机制可能与抗氧化损伤有关。     

大剂量rhG-CSF早期单次给药对60Co γ射线照射小鼠的治疗作用

目的观察大剂量rhG-CSF早期单次给药对60Coγ射线照射小鼠的治疗作用,为细胞因子治疗急性放射病提供实验依据。方法雄性C57小鼠,经8.0Gy60Coγ射线全身照射后于0.5、24h各皮下注射一次不同剂量rhG-CSF(2、1mg/kg和0.5mg/kg),观察致死剂量照射小鼠的30d存活率及平均生存时间。小鼠经6.0Gy60Coγ射线全身照射后,通过不同给药方案及不同剂量rhG-CSF早期干预,观察亚致死剂量照射小鼠的外周血象和骨髓有核细胞数的变化。结果大剂量rhG-CSF早期干预明显提高致死剂量照射小鼠的30d存活率,延长受照射小鼠的平均生存时间。照射后0.5h单次给予大剂量rhG-CSF(1mg/kg)为最佳给药方案。大剂量rhG-CSF早期单次给药可以明显改善6.0Gy照射小鼠外周血中白细胞、红细胞、血小板及骨髓有核细胞的恢复。结论大剂量rhG-CSF早期单次给药对60Coγ射线照射小鼠有良好的治疗作用。     

阿多拉扶正霖对钴辐射诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的影响

目的 观察小鼠受钴(~(60)Co)γ射线照射前后,分别口服阿多拉扶正霖(ADL)冲剂,对诱发骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的影响。方法 将昆明种小鼠随机分成对照组、~(60)Coγ射线照射A组、ADL预防组、~(60)Coγ射线照射B组和ADL治疗组,每组16只,雌雄各半。以ADL 6g/kg体重每天灌胃1次,连续8天。ADL预防组与A组于第9天照射,第10天处死;ADL治疗组与B组于第1天照射,第10天处死。~(60)Coγ射线照射剂量为2.0Gy,全身1次照射。小鼠处死后制作骨髓片,常规染色与计数。结果 无论是ADL预防组还是治疗组,微核率均比相应的~(60)Coγ射线照射组低,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),两个~(60)Coγ射线照射组之间和两个ADL组之间,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论 ADL可在短期内恢复由~(60)Coγ射线造成的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的上升,提示ADL有抗辐射损伤的作用。     

扇贝多肽对(60)Co γ射线诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡的影响

目的评价扇贝多肽对^60Coγ射线诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡的作用。方法昆明小鼠胸腺细胞^60Coγ射线3Gy照射，吸收剂量率0．6Gy／min。实验分空白对照组，模型组，扇贝多肽不同浓度(0．5，0．2．5和0．125mg／m1)预处理为实验组，通过受照细胞形态、生化、DNA和相关酶变化来进行评价。结果经扇贝多肽预处理的实验组细胞有较低的细胞毒性，细胞凋亡受到抑制，细胞脂质过氧化(MDA)水平有所降低而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性可以维持在正常水平。结论扇贝多肽对^60Coγ射线照射所致昆明小鼠胸腺细胞的损伤有保护作用。     

复合抗氧化剂对局部荷瘤大鼠放疗肾脏损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨荷瘤大鼠6 0 Coγ射线局部辐射引起的肾脏氧化损伤以及复合抗氧化剂的保护作用。方法　采用Walker 2 5 6肿瘤细胞株接种大鼠皮下 ,得到实体瘤 ,摘除实体瘤分割成小块植入大鼠的右后腿皮下 ,制成大鼠荷瘤模型 ,将荷瘤大鼠随机分成 3组 ,分别为肿瘤模型组、单纯放疗组和抗氧化剂保护组 ,同时选取正常大鼠作为阴性对照组。抗氧化剂保护组每日给予复合抗氧化剂灌胃 ,分次对单纯放疗组和抗氧化剂保护组的荷瘤大鼠进行6 0 Coγ射线局部照射 4次 ,每次间隔 1周 ,累计剂量为 4 7Gy ,最后一次照射后 7d ,解剖大鼠 ,取肾脏制成组织匀浆 ,分别检测丙二醛(MDA)、总超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和总抗氧化力 (TAC)。结果　与阴性组相比单纯放疗组的MDA含量显著升高 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1) ,抗氧化剂保护组MDA较单纯放疗组显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )。单纯放疗组SOD活性和TAC显著低于非照射组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1) ,而抗氧化剂保护组SOD和TAC显著高于单纯放疗组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)。结论　6 0 Coγ射线局部放疗可以引起肾脏的氧化损伤 ,高效的复合抗氧化剂可以起到有效的保护作用。     

雪莲培养细胞提取物对~(60)Co γ射线照射后小鼠外周血细胞的保护作用

目的研究雪莲培养细胞提取物对被60Coγ照射小鼠外周血细胞指标的影响。方法取100只昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分成5组,除空白对照组外,其余各组给予2.5 Gy60Coγ射线全身照射处理(包括模型组和雪莲培养细胞提取物低、中、高剂量组),定时检测外周血白细胞数、淋巴细胞数、血红蛋白含量、血小板含量以及红细胞相关指标,考察雪莲培养细胞提取物对被辐射小鼠的保护作用。结果小鼠被2.5 Gy60Coγ射线照射后的外周血白细胞数,淋巴细胞数,红细胞数、血红蛋白及血小板含量均显著下降。小鼠灌服雪莲培养细胞提取物后,显著促进了这些指标的回升。结论雪莲培养细胞提取物对辐射小鼠外周血细胞相关指数的恢复具有显著的促进作用。     

白蛋白融合型G-CSF对3.0 Gy ~（60）Co γ射线照射恒河猴造血损伤的作用

目的：观察重组人血清白蛋白-粒细胞集落刺激因子融合蛋白（HSA-G-GSF）对3.0Gy 60 Coγ射线照射恒河猴造血系统损伤的作用。方法：18只成年恒河猴给予3.0Gy 60 Coγ射线照射,随机分为照射对照,HSA-G-CSF,吉粒芬对照3组。吉粒芬对照组动物照射后0~13d每天1次皮下注射吉粒芬5μg/kg。HSA-G-CSF组动物分别于照射后0和7d皮下注射HSA-G-CSF 150μg/kg。观察各组动物外周血象、造血祖细胞数、造血组织病理学。结果：HSA-G-CSF可显著提高照射后恒河猴外周血中白细胞、中性粒细胞、网织红细胞和造血祖细胞的数量,可促进骨髓造血功能恢复,有效保护脾脏和淋巴结组织结构和细胞完整。结论：HSA-G-CSF融合蛋白可明显促进急性辐射损伤猴造血功能恢复,与吉粒芬相比,对3.0Gy 60 Coγ射线照射恒河猴造血损伤有更显著的治疗作用。     

红毛五加多糖对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用及其机制

目的研究红毛五加多糖（AGP）对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法小鼠腹腔注射（ip）AGP125—250ms／kg，^60Coγ射线全身均匀照射，观察小鼠30d存活率，检测AGP对外周血WBC、PLT、网织红细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数、血清ALT、AST、SOD、全血GSH-PX活性、血清和肝MDA含量以及肝、脾DNA、RNA含量的影响。结果辐射损伤后小鼠体重减轻、脱毛明显、尾部出现多个出血斑，30d存活率明显降低；外周血WBC、PLT、网织红细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数明显减少，ALT、AST活性增强，SOD、GSH-PX活性降低，MDA含量增加，DNA、RNA含量减少。AGP可促进上述指标的恢复。结论AGP对辐射损伤小鼠有明显保护作用，其机理可能与抗氧化作用及减轻DNA、RNA损伤有关。     

三羟异黄酮对照射小鼠造血系统损伤的防护作用

目的　探讨三羟异黄酮 (Genistein)对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统的防护作用。方法　 6 0Gyγ射线全身照射BALB c雄性小鼠 ,分 4组 ,照射前 2 4h给予genistein灌胃 ,观察小鼠照射后 30d存活情况及不同时相点有关造血指标的变化 ,同时HE染色观察骨髓病理学改变。结果　Genistein处理组小鼠骨髓照后损伤较R组轻 ,外周血WBC、骨髓有核细胞数和CFU S下降幅度小且恢复较快(P <0 .0 5 ) ,同时genistein能明显延长辐射损伤小鼠的平均存活天数、提高小鼠 30d存活率 (P <0 0 5 ) ,以上结果均与已烯雌酚处理组相似 ,而且genistein对小鼠脾重系数的恢复也有一定的促进作用 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Genistein能降低辐射对小鼠造血系统的损伤 ,具有一定的辐射保护作用。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme