初发型溃疡性结肠炎致中毒性巨结肠五例分析

目的 探讨发型溃疡性结肠炎致中毒性巨结肠的临床表现及诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析2003年6月至2008年10月收治的5例初发型UC致中毒性巨结肠患者的临床资料.结果 5例患者首发症状均为腹痛、腹胀,因口服泻剂而诱发中毒性巨结肠,2例发生肠穿孔.4例女性患者出现神志异常,4例行磁共振检查,3例示腔隙性脑梗塞.该5例患者均接受手术探查,且在术前均未确立溃疡性结肠炎的诊断.5例均行部分结肠切除及肠造口术,平均手术2.4次.术后死亡1例.吻合口瘘1例,吻合口狭窄1例.结论 腹痛、腹胀及服用导泻剂后临床症状加重是初发型溃疡性结肠炎致中毒性巨结肠常见的临床表现.     

食管癌术后早期并发症及死亡原因分析

目的探讨食管癌患者术后早期常见并发症的发生、死亡原因及其防治措施。方法根据收治的不同年代,将2085例食管癌患者分为3组。A组:1963～1983年收治的332例食管癌患者;B组:1984～1993年收治的727例食管癌患者;C组:1994～2003年收治的1026例食管癌患者。对其术后影响吻合口瘘、心肺并发症发生的因素等进行分析。结果2085例食管癌患者中手术切除肿瘤1894例,手术切除率90.84%(1894/2085);术后并发症发生率11.61%(242/2085),手术死亡率1.82%(38/2085),肺部并发症发生率3.93%(82/2085),吻合口瘘发生率3.12%(59/1894),心血管并发症发生率1.29%(27/2085)。B组和C组手术切除率高于A组(P<0.05),并发症发生率和手术死亡率低于A组(P<0.05);C组手术切除率高于B组,除肺部并发症外,其他并发症发生率和病死率均低于B组。结论肺部并发症和吻合口瘘是食管癌术后常见的并发症和主要死亡原因,随着近年来麻醉和手术技术的提高,围手术期治疗经验的积累,术后并发症发生率和病死率已在逐步降低。     

溃疡性结肠炎穿孔四例

目的 探讨非腹部手术导致溃疡性结肠炎穿孔的救治措施.方法 总结4例因非腹部手术导致溃疡性结肠炎穿孔病例,回顾性分析其临床资料.结果 4例中痊愈2例,丧失劳动能力1例,死亡1例.结论 非腹部手术致溃疡性结肠炎穿孔病情危重,及时剖腹探查,大量腹腔冲洗是救治成功的关键.     

食管癌术后吻合口瘘的预防

胸内食管胃吻合口瘘是食管癌根治术中最严重的并发症之一，其发病率平均为5％～10％，死亡率可高达28．5％～71％。吻合口瘘发生率的高低与手术方式、方法、技术等有一定的关系，颈部吻合比胸内吻合瘘的发生率高数倍。1999年9月～2003年8月，应用国产吻合器（WGW-2—26型）连续施行食管癌及食管胃胸内吻合术33例，无吻合口瘘发生，疗效满意。现报告如下。     

溃疡性结肠炎的临床处理

溃疡性结肠炎为临床较难处理的慢性疾病，虽病人大多在内科就诊，但外科手术可以根治之。对如何判断手术时机及比较内科长期用药与外科术后肠功能不良间的矛盾．尚需进一步讨论。     

溃疡性结肠炎并多发息肉与下消化道大出血及癌变关系的探讨（附205例分析）

溃疡性结肠炎并多发息肉与下消化道大出血及癌变关系的探讨（附２０５例分析）中国医科大学第一临床学院（１１０００１）宗士群自１９８２～１９９３年，我科共收治资料完整，诊断明确的溃疡性结肠炎（ＵＣ）病人２０５例，现做一回顾性分析。１临床资料本组２０５例，男...     

端侧吻合与反式侧侧吻合在腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术后近期并发症中的比较

目的比较分析回结肠端侧吻合与反式侧侧吻合在腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术中的并发症发生情况。方法选择郑州大学附属肿瘤医院普外科在2018年3月-2019年10月同一医疗组收治的104例右半结肠癌患者作为研究对象,采用抽签法将所有患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各52例,观察组采用回结肠端侧吻合,对照组采用回结肠反式侧侧吻合,统计两组患者手术时间、吻合口瘘、肠梗阻及吻合口狭窄例数、术后首次排气时间、排便时间等,比较分析两种不同吻合方式术后相关并发症发生情况。应用统计软件SPSS22.0进行统计学分析,计数资料以例(%)表示,计量资料以均数±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,两组比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料比较采用χ^2检验。结果对两组患者手术治疗后的情况进行比较,观察组与对照组患者在手术时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间和术中出血量方面,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术以后观察组患者吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、吻合口出血、肠梗阻等并发症的总发生率为3.84%(2/52),对照组的并发症发生率为15.38%(8/52),两组在术后总并发症方面有统计学意义(χ^2=3.983,P=0.046)。结论在腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术中,选择采用回结肠端侧吻合为主的吻合方式术后并发症发生率较低,为使患者能获得更好的治疗效果,可优先考虑此术式。     

溃疡性结肠炎的治疗（附193例分析）

为了解炎性肠病的治疗变迁，本文随访分析了该院１９５８～１９９４年间收治的溃疡性结肠炎１９３例，对比了前２０年和近１７年的发病情况和治疗效果。发现近１０余年诊治该病由年平均４例．上升达６．６例；但重症或转外科治疗的病例明显减少，未再出现合并肠穿孔或中毒性巨结肠病例。近９０％病人经内科治疗痊愈或好转，外科手术死亡率前２０年为４３％（９／２１），１９７８年后无１例死亡（０／６）。作者认为，近年治疗效果的提高，除一般病人体质改善外，与抗菌药物趋向完善，充分的静脉营养支持和选择恰当的手术方式有关。     

Appraisal of surgical treatment for distal ulcerative colitis

Most patients with ulcerative colitis respond well to medical treatment, however surgical treatment may be required in cases with severe clinical symptoms. We treated eight patients with distal ulcerative colitis (DUC), limited to the rectum and distal sigmoid colon, who were treated at St. Mark's Hospital by excision of the rectum and sigmoid colon with permanent colostomy. Four who did not respond to medical treatment and had severe and intermittent symptoms of long-standing, three with no control of the distressing diarrhea with a shorter history, and those with a severe dysplasia evidenced by rectal biopsy were surgically treated. Two of eight had a recurrence at the proximal colon within 6 and 10 years respectively but responded well to conservative management. From these observations it concluded that the procedure for patients with DUC may be one of adequate operations. Histological features of the resected specimens did not relate to the postoperative outcome of these patients.     

Restorative proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis having a recto-vaginal fistula

OBJECTIVE: Recto-vaginal fistula is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis. There are few reports of restorative proctocolectomy carried out in patients with ulcerative colitis having a rectovaginal fistula. We report our experience with this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1 January 1976 and 31 December 2001, 838 patients underwent restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis at one hospital. These included 400 women of whom 4 (1%) had an already present rectovaginal fistula. We reviewed all patients who presented with a rectovaginal fistula. These patients were contacted by telephone to establish function and satisfaction. RESULTS: The mean age was 30.0 years (range 19-39 years). The mean age at onset of ulcerative colitis was 21.5 years (range 13-34 years). One patient was asymptomatic, the fistula being discovered at operation. In the other three patients the recto-vaginal fistula had occurred at a mean of 108 months (range 72-192 months) after the onset of ulcerative colitis. Three of four patients had had previous episodes of acute severe disease. Three patients had a narrow rectum with deep ulceration. The mean distance between the anorectal junction and the site of fistulation was 2.7 cm (range 0-7 cm). Three patients had a three-stage and one patient a two-stage procedure. Mean follow-up after closure of the loop ileostomy was 107 months (range 17-276 months). All patients were treated successfully but 2 (50%) had a recurrence at 156 and 40 months after the closure of the loop ileostomy. One patient was diverted and the fistula was closed by a subsequent transanal repair and the other patient was treated with success by temporary loose seton technique. Two patients had excellent functional results whereas two other had some difficulties in continence. Nevertheless all patients were satisfied with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ulcerative colitis and a recto-vaginal fistula can be successfully treated by restorative proctocolectomy, nevertheless they are at risk of late recurrence of the fistula.     

溃疡性结肠炎32例手术治疗分析

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)手术治疗的指征、时机、方式及转归。方法回顾性分析32例接受手术治疗的UC患者的住院病历资料,记录患者的临床表现、诊疗过程、手术方式及转归,并对患者术后情况进行随访。结果 71.9%(23/32)手术病例为重型UC;初发型占21.9%(7/32),慢性复发型78.1%(25/32);广泛结肠病变占93.8%(30/32),其中全结肠受累占81.3%(26/32)。手术原因:药物治疗不能达到或维持缓解26例(81.3%);UC相关结直肠癌(UC-CRC)/上皮内瘤变(IEN)5例(15.6%);并发肠穿孔1例(3.1%)。手术方式:全结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术(IPAA)19例(59.4%),回肠永久造瘘术或长期保留造瘘口7例(21.9%),全结肠或次全结肠切除、肠吻合术6例(18.8%)。术后并发症发生率69.6%(16/23),分别为肠梗阻9例、吻合口狭窄2例、盆腔感染2例、直肠阴道瘘1例、切口疝1例、储袋炎2例、残余直肠UC复发2例。25例(78.1%)患者接受随访2个月~22年,21例UC治愈,2例因残余直肠UC复发继续药物治疗,2例因UC-CRC广泛转移死亡。结论手术是药物难治性及出现并发症UC的治疗选择,多数患者手术效果满意,术后并发症发生率较高,手术时机、术式及术后并发症的预防及随访有待进一步规范。     

Rectal pressure and rectal compliance in ulcerative colitis

Anorectal manometry, coupled with measurement of rectal compliance, was carried out on 11 healthy subjects and 9 patients with ulcerative colitis. Resting pressure profile of the anorectum but basal rhythmic contraction of the anal canal was normal in most of the patients and rectoanal reflex was positive in all. Rectal compliance was, however, significantly decreased in 7 of 9 patients. These results suggest that distensibility of the rectum may be decreased in cases of ulcerative colitis and that measurements of resting pressure profile, rectoanal reflex, and rectal compliance may be helpful in selecting patients suitable for elective surgery to preserve sphincter function.     

Outcomes following two-stage surgical approaches in the treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis

IntroductionSurgery for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) can be performed in one-, two-, or three-stage procedures [1]. The more traditional approach is a total proctocolectomy and creation of an ileo pouch-anal anastomosis and diverting stoma at the initial operation, followed by ileostomy closure several weeks later (TIPPA) [1]. An alternative is an initial subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy [2]. In this alternative approach (NIPAA), a completion proctectomy and definitive ileo pouch-anal anastomosis can be performed without a diverting stoma. We hypothesize that functional outcomes following a NIPAA approach when performed in children, in our experience, are likely similar or improved when compared to those treated by TIPAA.MethodsAfter IRB approval, a review of patients who underwent a two-stage Laparoscopic IPAA from 2004 to 2017 occurred. Data included demographics, diagnosis, surgical intervention time to full diet, level of continence, use of antidiarrheals and complications.ResultsN = 41 (NIPAA = 14, TIPAA = 27). After establishment of bowel continuity, no significant differences in appetite recovery, continence, or complications were noted. The number of antidiarrheals prescribed were significantly higher in the TIPAA group (p = 0.01). Thirteen patients (31.7%) had pouchitis: 4 NIPAA and 9 TIPAA (p = NS). Of the 41 patients, 11 required subsequent surgery; 2 patients (18.2%) received NIPAA and 9 (81.8%) received TIPAA (p = 0.20). Two TIPAA patients received a diverting ileostomy owing to chronic anal pain and failure to achieve continence.ConclusionThis study suggests children with medically refractory UC treated by NIPAA or TIPAA have similar outcomes. Minimal differences in overall outcome were noted following either approach. However, NIPAA may reduce reliance on antidiarrheals to achieve satisfactory defecation outcomes.Level of evidenceIII Retrospective comparative study.     

Discontinuous appendiceal involvement in ulcerative colitis: Pathology and clinical correlation

Continuous mucosal involvement from the rectum proximally is one of the hallmarks of ulcerative colitis. However, recent pathologic series report appendiceal ulcerative colitis in the presence of a histologically normal cecum, representing a "skip" lesion. The clinical significance of this rinding has not been established. Eighty patients, 54 males and 26 females, average age 37.9 years (range 14 to 82 years) who underwent proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis from January 1990 to September 1995 were examined to determine the rate of discontinuous appendiceal involvement. Excluded were 12 patients with prior appendectomy and 11 with fibrotic obliteration of the appendiceal lumen. Of the remaining 57 patients, seven (12.3%) had clear appendiceal involvement in the presence of a histologically normal cecum. These seven patients clinically were indistinguishable from the 50 patients without skip involvement of the appendix in terms of age at surgery, pretreatment medications, type of surgery, interval from diagnosis to definitive procedure, complications, functional results, and clinical course. Discontinuous appendiceal involvement was found in 12.3% of patients undergoing proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, and clinically these patients behave as those without this feature.     

Long term follow-up of surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis—With special reference to recurrence and the quality of life—

From 1961 to 1984, fifty-one patients with ulcerative colitis were surgically treated at Tohoku University Hospital. The results of various types of surgical treatments for ulcerative colitis were analysed and discussed with special reference to recurrence and the quality of life at the time of follow-up. Total colitis and left-sided colitis were observed in 42 and 9 patients, respectively. There were five operative deaths. Thirteen patients received total proctocolectomy and 38 patients received various types of conservative operations at thefirst operation. In seven patients there was a recurrence of the disease in the retained colon or rectum and proctocolectomy with ileostomy was carried out. Forty-six patients were followed. Four died of other diseases and two were lost to follow-up. The periods of follow-up after the final operation ranged from 3–29 years. The types of operative procedures were ileostomy in 19, ascendicostomy in 14, ileoproctostomy in 6 and ascendicoproctostomy in 1 patient. Following treatment of recurrence of the disease, in most patients who had undergone various surgical treatments, favorable results of quality of life were attained, even in those with ileostomy. These results indicate that it is important to select the most proper types of operative procedures for surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis by individualizing each case.