利用振幅光栅生成拉盖尔-高斯光束的实验研究

拉盖尔高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian,LG)光束由于其独特的相位结构和轨道角动量特性在微粒旋转操纵和信息处理等方面得到了越来越多的重视.对利用振幅型叉状衍射光栅产生LG光束进行了理论分析,采用计算全息图的方法制作了振幅型叉状衍射光栅,实验上获得了角量子数为±1的LG光束,并对光束变换过程中影响光束特性的主要因素进行了讨论. 关键词： 信息光学 拉盖尔高斯光束 计算全息光栅 光束轨道角动量     

掺Yb光纤激光器阵列谱合成系统的光束传输模型及光束特性分析

建立了由掺Yb光纤激光器阵列、变换透镜、闪耀光栅和输出耦合镜组成的光束谱合成系统的光束传输模型.在考虑光栅角色散、光栅刻槽倾角误差和光栅衍射效率情况下,利用光线追迹法、衍射积分方法、光束非相干叠加原理和强度二阶矩方法,推导出高斯光束非平行倾斜入射到闪耀光栅的相位变化公式以及谱合成光束的光强分布解析表达式.分析了高斯光束非平行倾斜入射到光栅后,光栅角色散、光栅衍射效率和光栅刻槽倾角误差对掺Yb光纤激光器谱合成系统输出光束特性的影响.研究结果表明,谱合成光束具有与单根光纤激光器几乎相同的光束质量;光栅角色散对合成光束特性的影响可忽略;随着光栅刻槽倾角误差的增大,谱合成光束的光束质量明显变差;当光栅刻槽倾角误差较大时,必须考虑光栅衍射效率对合成光束特性的影响. 关键词： 掺Yb光纤激光器 非平行倾斜入射 光束谱合成 光束质量     

部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的偏振特性和角相关研究

为了研究部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的衍射特性.利用部分偏振部分相干光的光束相干-偏振(BCP)矩阵,推导出了部分偏振部分相干光通过任意偏振光栅后,衍射场的偏振度及场中衍射级次角相关的一般解析表达式.以部分偏振的高斯-谢尔模型光束(PGSM)为例,数值分析了偏振光栅TE和TM波的复振幅透过率、入射光束的光学参量对衍射场偏振度和场中各衍射级次的角相关的影响.计算结果表明,部分相干光透过偏振光栅后的其衍射光场是一非均匀、周期变化的部分偏振相干光场;场中对称级次的角相干值对应相等,且随衍射级次序数的增大而缓慢递减至零.     

超短脉冲激光光束在一维反射型体全息光栅中的衍射

基于Kogelnik的耦合波理论,研究了在色散效应的影响下,超短脉冲激光光束在反射型体全息光栅中衍射的性质.研究给出了衍射光及透射光在频谱域及时间域的振幅及强度分布、光栅的光谱宽度及衍射效率随光栅参量及入射条件的变化.数值研究的结果表明,在光栅记录介质色散效应的影响下,衍射光束的光谱宽度减小,脉冲展宽,衍射效率降低.通过适当的选取光栅参量及入射条件,可以控制衍射和透射光束的频谱和时间强度分布,得到满意的衍射和透射光束的带宽和波形,从而可以将其应用于脉冲整形等技术中.     

涡旋光束与相位全息光栅不对准时的衍射特性研究

研究了涡旋光束与相位全息光栅不对准时衍射光束的解析特性.利用理论推导的方法得出涡旋光束经相位全息光栅接收后一阶衍射光束的解析表达式.然后通过仿真分析分别得出在发生正常对准、横向偏移、角向倾斜及横向偏移和角向倾斜两者同时出现时衍射光束的质心偏移特性和中心强度变化特性.研究表明: 拉盖尔-高斯光束经相位全息光栅衍射后得到的光场表达式为合流超几何函数形式.光束与相位全息光栅间的不对准会引起衍射光束质心的偏移,而且光束质心的偏移量随入射光束偏移距离和偏离角的增加而增加,与入射光束的偏移方向和方位角无关.角向倾斜时 关键词： 拉盖尔-高斯光束 相位全息光栅 横向偏移 角向倾斜     

谱合成光束特性的模拟分析

建立了光束谱合成的传输模型.应用光线追迹方法，将闪耀光栅引起的相位变化用槽间光程差和槽内光程差来表示，建立了光束倾斜入射到光栅时相位变化的计算模型.利用衍射积分方法，给出了阵列光源各子光束经谱合成系统后输出光场的解析表达式.依据光束非相干叠加的原理，计算得到合成光束的光强分布.在此基础上，利用强度二阶矩方法，分别计算了阵列光束和合成光束的M²因子，并定量分析了谱合成系统参数对合成光束特性的影响.研究结果表明：通过谱合成系统合成光束的M²关键词： 光束谱合成 阵列光源 闪耀光栅 光束质量     

线偏振高斯光束通过复合型衍射光栅的传输特性

提出一种集合浮雕和折射率周期分布调制的复合型衍射光栅,并利用角谱表示和严格的模式理论研究了线偏振高斯光束通过这种复合型衍射光栅的传输特性.数值计算结果表明,在光栅的同一透射深度处复合型衍射光栅光强的起伏频率要比浮雕型光栅光强的起伏频率小.最后使用复合型衍射光栅模型,研究了亚波长体积相位全息光栅的表面起伏和入射光束的束腰宽度对衍射效率的影响. 关键词： 复合型衍射光栅 亚波长体积相位全息光栅 高斯光束 严格模式理论     

基于多层介质膜光栅的谱合成系统光束特性分析

针对多层介质膜光栅在光束谱合成系统中的应用, 利用光线追迹方法, 建立了基于多层介质膜光栅的谱合成系统光传输模型. 多层介质膜光栅引入的相位调制包括浮雕表面上光程差与浮雕结构光程差两部分, 且受到光栅槽深、占空比和光束入射角等因素的影响. 利用衍射积分方法和光束非相干叠加原理, 计算模拟了基于多层介质膜光栅的谱合成系统的合成光束光强分布. 在此基础上, 利用强度二阶矩方法分析了合成光束的光束质量, 并讨论了多层介质膜光栅的槽深、占空比和制作误差等因素对合成光束特性的影响. 结果表明: 改变多层介质膜光栅的槽深和占空比以及中心光束入射角会影响合成光束能量, 但不会影响合成光束的光束质量, 合成光束的光束质量始终保持与单个子光束的光束质量相当; 多层介质膜光栅的制作误差对合成光束的光束质量和能量均存在明显影响.     

近场拉盖尔-高斯光束传输参数的双缝干涉测量实验

拉盖尔-高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian,LG)光束具有轨道角动量,分析近场条件下LG光束通过含光阑光学系统传输的解析公式,对不同阶LG光束通过双缝时双缝间的相位差变化进行了计算。利用计算机生成叉形衍射光栅显示在空间光调制器上,基模高斯光束产生衍射,得到不同阶次LG涡旋光束,通过CCD采集LG空心光束的光斑及双缝干涉后的图样,实现对LG光束传输轨道角动量特性的实验测量。在确定光束束径下,分析了叉形衍射光栅密度、空心光束宽度半径比、双缝宽度等参数对双缝干涉条纹的影响,在距离激光器1m处的SLM上显示4mm×5mm叉形衍射光栅,光栅密度约为16lines/mm,可产生暗斑尺寸在0.5mm~0.9mm之间、宽度半径比为0.2的LG空心光束。LG光束通过双缝宽度0.2mm,双缝间距0.5mm的光栅,可以得到清晰的干涉条纹。研究结果为近场光通信中利用光学涡旋轨道角动量编码信息提供了理论依据。     

光谱色散后的相位调制光束衍射特性研究

用数值方法研究了激光驱动器系统中使用光谱色散平滑单元后光束的衍射特性.模拟结果表明，光谱色散会使光束衍射光斑变大，近场空间强度均匀性改善，而远场光斑内部存在光强接近于均匀分布的区域.进一步分析了光谱色散平滑单元中相位调制器的调制深度、调制频率及光栅色散系数等主要元件参数对光束传输特性的影响，发现在一定情况下光斑内部会出现较强的强度调制. 关键词： 光谱色散平滑 光束衍射 近场 远场     

Effect of Comatic Aberration on the Propagation Characteristics of Laguerre--Gaussian Beams

Seidel comatic aberration is an important cause of deformation for a Laguerre--Gaussian (LG) beam. In addition, mono-axial comatic aberration, whose phase modulation depends only on one transverse coordinate, is also an important cause of beam deformation. Deformation of an LG beam by such aberrations is analyzed through numerical simulation based on the angular spectrum method. It is also shown that for holographically generated LG beams quadratic spatial variation of grating pitch can produce seidel and mono-axial comatic aberrations. An example of an experimentally generated LG beam with mono-axial comatic aberration is reported.     

Generation and detection of linearly polarized axially symmetric beam by an amplitude computer-generated hologram

A novel beam combination scheme was proposed to generate high order linearly polarized axially symmetric beam (LPASB) by superposing two Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams with opposite azimuthal quantum numbers. An amplitude computer-generated hologram (CGH) was not only used to generate two LG beams but also used in the combination scheme. Amplitude CGH was also used to detect the order of the LPASB.     

Rotation of laser beams with zero of the orbital angular momentum

We show that among the multitude of rotating light beams whose complex amplitude can be represented as a linear superposition of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with definite numbers there are light beams with zero orbital angular momentum (OAM) and vice versa, multi-mode LG beams that show no rotation and are lacking the radially symmetric intensity distribution can possess the non-zero OAM. Also, we give examples of the rotating light beams with zero OAM, represented as a superposition of the Bessel and new hypergeometric modes. Using an SLM, we generate a rotating Bessel beam with zero OAM for the first time.     

Quadrant detector calibration for vortex beams

This Letter reports an experimental and theoretical study of the response of a quadrant detector (QD) to an incident vortex beam, specifically a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam. We have found that the LG beam response depends on the vorticity index ?. We compare LG beams with hard-ringed beams and find that at higher ? values, the QD response to LG beams can be approximated by its response to hard-ringed beams. Our findings are important in view of the increasing interest in optical vortex beams.     

Field properties and vacuum electron acceleration in a laser beam of high-order Laguerre–Gaussian mode

The electric field intensity distribution and the phase velocity distribution of high-order Laguerre–Gaussian (LGρ?) mode laser beams are analyzed. Using three-dimensional test particle simulation, the numerical results of electrons accelerated by LG00, LG40 and LG41 mode laser beams are presented. Compared with the LG00 mode (the fundamental mode) laser beam, low-energy injection electrons can be more favorably accelerated in a high-order LG mode laser beam. Contrary to anticipation, a high-order LG mode laser beam with intense axial electric field distribution is inferior to the LG00 mode in capture acceleration for electrons with high injection energy.     

Four wave mixing spectroscopy and additional boundary conditions: A proposal

A nonlinear spectroscopic method for the direct measurement of amplitude ratios among various polariton modes in spatially dispersive media is proposed and theoretically analyzed. In this method four wave mixing among three laser beams is used. Two beams have the same frequency higher than the longitudanal exciton, but different angles of incidence, and excite various polariton modes in the crystal. The third is the probe beam whose frequency can be chosen in the transparent region of the crystal. The probe beam is elastically diffracted from the grating generated by the interference between some appropriate pair of excited modes. The phase matching condition and hence the exit angle of the diffracted beam depend sensitively on the wave-vector of the grating. Thus the contribution from each polariton branch can be measured separately, by selectively tuning the angle of incidence of the probe beam; from the measured ratio the amplitude ratio, and hence the ABC can be obtained.     

Partially coherent Lorentz Gaussian beam and its scintillations

We study the scintillation aspects of partially coherent Lorentz Gaussian (LG) beams via numerically integrating the average and average squared intensity expressions. Within the examined range of input and propagation medium parameters, the LG beams are generally found to offer less and less scintillations against the pure Gaussian beam, particularly when the Lorentzian feature of the beam is emphasized more. This lower scintillation property is exhibited for collimated coherent beams with different Lorentz widths and at on-axis and off-axis positions of the receiver plane. When focusing is introduced, at shorter propagation distances the ordering of the beams remains as described above, but at longer propagations distances a complete reversing of the beam order is observed. Raising the turbulence levels by increasing the structure constant inevitably causes rises in scintillations, while preserving the advantage of LG beams over the pure Gaussian beam. Partial coherence reduces scintillations as expected, at the same time nearly eliminating the scintillation differences between the beam types.     

Airy beam laser

A method to design lasers that emit an arbitrary beam profile is studied. In these lasers, output-coupling is performed by a diffraction grating that imposes a phase and amplitude distribution onto the diffracted light. A solid-state laser emitting beams with a two-dimensional Airy intensity profile is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. In this case, the diffraction grating adds a transverse cubic phase to the diffracted light. An Airy beam is obtained by performing optical Fourier transform of the out-coupled light. The laser beam profile and power characteristics are shown to agree with theory.     

Displacements and deformations of a vortex light beam produced by the diffraction grating with embedded phase singularity

Properties of vortex light beams produced by a diffraction grating with groove bifurcation (“fork” structure) are studied in the case of small diffraction angles. Analytical expressions are derived for the amplitude distribution of a diffracted beam generated from an incident Gaussian beam with arbitrary radius and wavefront curvature, transversely shifted and inclined with respect to the nominal axis (normal to the grating crossing it at the bifurcation point). In such situations, the output beam becomes asymmetric; the optical vortex core and the intensity maximum displace orthogonally to the incident beam shift direction. The nearest vicinity of the vortex core preserves its circular symmetry and the optical vortex remains locally isotropic. The effects of misalignment depend on the incident beam characteristics, the diffraction order and the propagation distance behind the grating. Experimental measurements support the results of calculations.