前、后入路腹股沟疝修补术的疗效观察

目的探讨腹股沟疝前、后入路修补术的疗效及特点。方法回顾性分析应用巴德补片前(40例)、后(27例)入路修补腹股沟疝67例的临床资料。结果40例前入路单侧手术平均时间(58.90±6.54)min,平均住院天数(5.21±0.86)d。阴囊血肿1例,髂腹股沟神经痛2例,自觉手术区牵拉感5例,无一例切口感染。术后随访3~26个月,无一例复发,并发症发生率7.5%。27例后入路单侧手术平均时间(40.59±5.81)min,平均住院天数(4.73±0.71)d。无切口感染、阴囊血肿和髂腹股沟神经痛病例,无手术区牵拉感。术后随访3~12个月无一例复发,并发症的发生率为0。结论后入路Kugel疝修补术是一种全新的无张力、微创、全腹股沟修补技术,较前入路疝环填塞式修补术具有创伤更小、恢复更快、学习曲线短、并发症更少的特点。     

自膨式Kugel补片在老年复发性腹股沟疝中的应用

目的探讨自膨式Kugel补片在老年复发性腹股沟疝中的应用价值。方法对2004年2月~2007年2月37例老年复发性腹股沟疝病例按手术方式分为两组。Kugel组21例,其中单侧斜疝17例,双侧斜疝1例,直疝1例,斜疝合并股疝1例,斜疝合并直疝1例,均采用美国巴德Kugel补片后入路修补;TAPP组(腹腔镜经腹腹膜前补片植入术)16例,其中单侧斜疝15例,直疝1例。结果Kugel组手术时间短于TAPP组[(23.2±5.8)min和(40.5±5.2)min,t=-9.392,P=0.000)]。Kugel组无手术区疼痛或牵拉感,TAPP组有2例(χ2=0.869,P=0.351)。术后住院时间Kugel组较短[(5.7±0.7)d和(6.3±0.8)d,t=-2.429,P=0.020]。两组术后随访3~36个月,无一例复发。结论Kugel补片后入路修补术是治疗老年复发性腹股沟疝的一种全新、无张力、安全、微创、优势显著的方法,值得推广。     

善愈补片前入路微创化手术修补腹股沟疝108例

目的探讨前入路使用善愈D10补片腹膜前修补腹股沟疝效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年6月间，应用善愈（D10）补片，采用前入路微创化腹膜前修补腹股沟疝108例次，观察麻醉效果、手术时间及术后并发症、复发情况。结果手术时间（60．18±20．35）min，术后2d出院。全组伤口均一期愈合，无伤口感染，2例术后阴囊血肿。术后随访1—30个月，平均随访18个月，无复发。结论国产善愈补片前入路修补腹股沟疝是一种针对耻骨肌孔修补的微创手术，恢复快．效果满意．特别适合腹横筋膜缺损较大的腹股沟斜疝和直疝．以及复合疝、股疝的修补。     

腹腔镜手术治疗腹股沟疝140例临床体会

目的:总结腹腔镜手术治疗腹股沟疝的临床经验。方法:回顾分析2011年2月至2014年2月为140例腹股沟疝患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。其中斜疝116例(9例为嵌顿疝),直疝24例,120例行经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP),20例行全腹膜外疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal,TEP)。结果:手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹。TAPP手术时间30~61 min,平均(42.6±4.3)min;术后住院3~7 d,平均(3.5±1.3)d。TEP手术时间33~58 min,平均(41.3±5.2)min;术后住院3~6 d,平均(3.4±1.5)d。术后发生血清肿或积液6例,暂时性神经感觉异常2例,未发生切口感染等其他并发症。随访4~48个月,中位时间16个月,无一例复发。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗腹股沟疝具有操作简便、切口小、康复快等优点,手术安全、可靠,长期效果良好。     

充填式无张力疝修补术治疗复发性腹股沟疝15例体会

目的总结充填式无张力疝修补术治疗复发性腹股沟疝体会。方法对15例复发性腹股沟疝患者采用充填式无张力疝修补术治疗,回顾分析患者的临床资料。结果 15例患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间40~75 min,平均(56.20±6.78)min,术后下床活动时间6.5~128 h,术后住院时间3~7 d,平均(5.00±0.60)d。随访6~18个月,1例复发(6.67%),余均恢复良好。结论充填式无张力疝修补术治疗复发性腹股沟疝,损伤小、恢复快、并发症少,复发率低,疗效肯定。     

腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术临床应用研究

目的:探讨腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2012年2月至2014年2月收治的130例腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,其中斜疝92例,直疝38例;单侧疝110例,双侧疝20例,复发疝12例;均行腹腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术。结果:130例手术均获成功。手术时间平均(33.4±14.2)min,单侧疝手术时间平均(31.4±10.2)min,双侧疝平均(36.4±9.2)min;术后6 h下床活动;术后平均住院(3.96±1.14)d;无切口感染、髂腹股沟神经痛发生,术后切口轻微疼痛,2~3 d消失;3例术后发生切口下积液,经局部穿刺抽取积液后治愈。术后随访0.5~2.0年,均无复发及异物感。结论:腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术操作简单、学习曲线短、费用低、安全性高、术后复发率低、并发症发生率低,效果良好,尤其适合双侧疝、复发疝及基层医院。     

腹膜前间隙腹股沟疝修补术后疼痛分析

目的分析开放式腹膜前间隙疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝修补术后疼痛的原因。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2015年1月,河北省赤城县妇幼保健院腹股沟疝63例患者的临床资料,均行腹膜前间隙腹股沟疝修补术,观察患者术后疼痛发生情况。结果本组63例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间45~120 min,平均(55±3)min;住院时间3~7 d,平均(5.0±1.0)d。术后疼痛9例,其中切口疼痛7例,均发生于术后24 h内,术后3 d内疼痛均缓解。长期疼痛2例,分别于术后4、6个月缓解。随访3~12个月,无复发,无慢性疼痛。结论开放式腹膜前间隙无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝是一种较为理想的手术方式。     

经腹直肌入路改良Kugel疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝

目的探讨经腹直肌入路改良Kugel疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的应用价值。方法采用经腹直肌入路改良Kugel疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝18例,其中腹股沟斜疝12例,腹股沟直疝5例,股疝1例。结果全部治愈,手术时间20～60 min,平均40 min;住院时间3～8 d,平均4 d。未见皮下血肿、阴囊积液、异物感等并发症。随防6个月无病例复发。结论经腹直肌入路改良Kugel疝修补术操作简便,安全,效果确切,术后恢复快,副反应少,值得临床偿试。     

肾移植术后腹股沟疝患者12例临床诊治分析

目的探讨应用不同补片进行无张力修补术治疗肾移植术后腹股沟疝的临床应用体会。方法对温州医科大学附属第一医院2008年7月至2014年7月期间收治的12例肾移植术后腹股沟疝患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 12例患者肾移植术后出现腹股沟疝的中位时间为72个月;腹股沟疝类型包括斜疝9例,直疝2例,斜疝合并直疝1例,均为单侧。患者均在疝确诊后6~12个月内手术治疗,10例使用聚丙烯疝补片行Lichtenstein平片修补术,2例使用超普疝修补装置(UHS)行疝环充填式无张力修补术,平均手术时间(54±26)min。1例UHS修补斜疝合并直疝术中损伤移植输尿管,行移植输尿管膀胱再植。术后切口疼痛3例,阴囊积液1例。截至2014年7月,术后随访12~32个月,肾功能均无明显变化,未观察到切口感染、疝复发、异物不适感、睾丸萎缩、射精痛及慢性疼痛等并发症。结论肾移植术后腹股沟疝患者使用传统聚丙烯疝补片行Lichtenstein平片修补术对移植肾影响较小,应用UHS行疝环充填式无张力修补术中易损伤移植输尿管。     

开放式完全腹膜外疝修补术在成人腹股沟疝中的临床应用

目的探讨开放式完全腹膜外疝修补术(TEP)在成人腹股沟疝治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 2011年1月至2013年12月,天津市第一中心医院收治52例成人腹股沟疝患者,采用开放式TEP治疗,现对本组患者的手术时间、术后并发症、住院时间及复发情况进行回顾性分析。结果双侧腹股沟疝手术时间46~75 min,平均(55±9)min;单侧腹股沟疝手术时间25~40 min,平均(30±5)min。52例患者术后住院时间3~7 d,平均(4.1±1.3)d,并发症发生率3.8%(2/52),随访6个月至3年,无复发。结论采用开放式TEP治疗成人腹股沟疝,符合疝修补理念及微创手术原则,具有操作简单,手术创伤小,恢复快,费用低等优点,适宜临床推广。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

Intraoperative autotransfusion is associated with modest reduction of allogeneic transfusion in prosthetic hip surgery

Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r²=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.     

缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响

目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    （1）常氧（21% O₂）及缺氧（1% O₂）分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK-52E）48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。（2）在共培养实验中,以不同浓度（1、10、50、100、300 mg/L）的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、诱导型氮氧化物合酶（iNOS）水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化（p）STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1（SOCS1）的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA（microRNA,miR）的表达差异。 结果    （1）离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。（2）缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌（均P＜0.01）,同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达（均P＜0.01）;对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高（P＜0.05）。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。     

In Vitro Function and Durability Assessment of a Novel Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.     

Negative pressure ventilation vs. spontaneous assisted ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy: A controlled randomised trial

Background: Ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB) under general anaesthesia (jet ventilation, positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous assisted ventilation) may offer some difficulties. This study compares the effectiveness during IRB of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) and spontaneous assisted ventilation (SAV). Methods: Thirty-eight patients submitted to IRB were randomised into two groups: SAV or INPV. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia; INPV patients were paralysed. Pre-and intra-operative arterial blood gases and O₂ flow through a rigid bronchoscope were assessed. The endoscopist applying a subjective score evaluated the operating conditions. Results: Patients of the INPV group, as compared to the SAV group, required a lower dosage of fentanyl (2.6 ± 1.8 (μg · kg^?1· h^?1 vs. 6.6 ± 4.8 μg · kg^?1· h^?1), a lower O₂ supply (3.3 ± 2.8 1/min vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 1/min), a shorter recovery time (5.4 ± 2.9 min vs. 9.8 ± 7.1 min) and no manually assisted ventilation (0 ± 0 vs. 1 ± 1.1 nd?/procedure). Intraoperative PaCO₂ was higher in the SAV (8.1 ± 1.3 kPa) than in the INPV group (5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) and intraoperative pH differed in the two groups (7.26 ± 0.05, SAV vs. 7.47 ± 0.08, INPV). Operating conditions, as assessed by a subjective score, were considered better with INPV than with SAV (4.9 vs. 4.3). Conclusions: As compared to SAV, INPV in paralysed patients during IRB reduces administration of opioids, shortens recovery time, prevents respiratory acidosis, excludes the need for manually assisted ventilation, reduces 02 need and affords optimal surgical conditions. INPV appears a safe, non-invasive and effective ventilatory management during IRB.