高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定人血浆中的西替利嗪

建立了人血浆中西替利嗪的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法.血浆样品调至pH 6,经V(乙酸乙酯):V(CH2Cl2)＝4:1液-液提取后,以Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(2.1 mm×150 mm i.d.,3.5 μm)柱为色谱柱,流动相为V(乙腈):V(1%甲酸水)＝55:45溶液,流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温:25 ℃,进样量:5 μL,在Agilent 1100 LC/MSD XCT离子阱质谱仪上,以多重反应离子(MRM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z 389→201(西替利嗪)和m/z 515→497(替米沙坦,内标物).西替利嗪的检出限为0.50 μg/L(S/N=3),线性范围为2.5～400 μg/L,方法回收率在82.0%～86.7%之间(n=5),精密度与准确度符合生物样品分析要求.该法可用于西替利嗪临床血药浓度和药代动力学研究.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中福斯克林

建立了测定大鼠血浆中福斯克林的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS).血浆样品经液-液萃取后,以V(甲醇):V(10 mmol/L 醋酸铵):V(甲酸)=75:25:0.1为流动相,用Hypersil ODS柱分离,流速0.8 mL/min(柱后分流50%),通过电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,以多反应监测方式(MRM)检测.用于定量分析的离子分别为m/z 428/375(福斯克林)和m/z 494/369(格列本脲,内标).福斯克林血浆浓度测定方法的线性范围为0.8～800 μg/L; 日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于10%;准确度(RE)小于±9%.每个样品测试时间4.5 min.应用此法测试了大鼠口服或静注福斯克林后的血药浓度.     

奶粉中高氯酸盐的液相色谱-串联质谱测定

建立了奶粉中高氯酸盐的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法.奶粉样品用水-乙腈(体积比1:2)超声波振荡提取2次,于4 000 r/min离心后,上清液经Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化;采用离子交换色谱分离,色谱柱为METROSEP A Supp 5(150 mm×4.0 mm)阴离子交换柱,流动相为0.2 mol/L乙酸铵溶液-乙腈(体积比1 : 1),流速0.7 mL/min;电喷雾负离子模式电离,质谱多反应选择离子检测(MRM),检测离子对为 m/z 99→83和m/z 101→85,其中m/z 99→83为定量离子对.方法的相对标准偏差为3.59%,回收率为91% ～106%,检出限为1.0 μg/kg,定量下限为5.0 μg/kg.结果表明,该法简便快速、准确可靠,也适用于鲜牛奶、酸牛奶等其他乳制品中高氯酸盐的测定.     

微波辅助萃取法/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对减肥保健食品中非法添加药物奥利司他的测定

建立了测定减肥保健食品中非法添加药物奥利司他的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.减肥保健食品经微波辅助萃取后,经Waters Atlantis T3柱(3 μm,150 mm×2.1 mm)分离,采用多反应监测正离子模式检测,定性离子对为m/z 496.3＞319.2、m/z 496.3＞160.0,定量离子对为m/z 496.3＞160.0.结果表明,奥利司他的仪器检出限为0.2 μg/L;在0.2 ～500 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 7.在低、中、高3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为86% ～104%;日内精密度均小于6%,日间精密度均小于8%.方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于不同减肥保健食品中非法添加奥利司他的快速检测.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定奶粉中的双氰胺

建立了奶粉中双氰胺的高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定方法。实验优化了前处理条件、液相色谱条件和质谱参数。样品经水提取,乙腈分次沉淀蛋白后,采用亲水高效液相色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈(含0.2%甲酸)-0.1%甲酸(含10 mmol/L甲酸铵)(体积比95∶5),流速0.3 mL/min。采用正离子模式的电喷雾质谱检测,多反应(MRM)选择离子监测,检测离子对为m/z 85→68和m/z 85→43,检测周期为5 min。结果显示,双氰胺在0.2～100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 8。双氰胺的检出限为0.1μg/L,方法的定量下限为5μg/kg。低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为79%～83%,相对标准偏差为2.7%～6.5%。方法简便快速、准确可靠,已用于奶粉中双氰胺的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术同时检测大鼠血浆中蒿甲醚及其主要代谢产物双氢青蒿素

为了研究蒿甲醚在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为,应用液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-单四极杆-静电场轨道阱串联质谱技术,建立了高灵敏度的大鼠血浆中蒿甲醚及其主要代谢产物双氢青蒿素的分析方法.以青蒿素为内标(Internal standard,I.S.),在正离子Targeted-MS2检测模式下对蒿甲醚和双氢青蒿素进行定性和定量分析.检测离子对分别为m/z 316.2115/163.1117(蒿甲醚)、m/z 302.1958/163.1117(双氢青蒿素)和m/z300.1803/209.1536(I.S.);蒿甲醚和双氢青蒿素在2～200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2＞0.9990);检出限为0.8 μg/L;定量限为2.0μg/L;加标回收率分别为93.7％～103.7％和97.4％～ 104.7％;相对标准偏差均小于9％.本方法快速灵敏,重现性好,可用于蒿甲醚体内药代动力学研究.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定乳制品中光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮的残留量

建立了采用气相色谱（GC）-质谱(MS)检测由包装材料迁移到乳制品中的光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮残留量的方法。使用氘代蒽为内标,样品经Carrez试剂除蛋白质后用丙酮-正己烷(体积比为1∶1)提取,上层提取液用氟罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化。采用单四极杆质谱进行样品筛选和定量,选取的监测离子为m/z 184,m/z 224,m/z 239,m/z 254(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 80,m/z 94,m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。疑似样品采用离子阱串联质谱法进行确证,选取的母离子和子离子分别为m/z 254,m/z 239(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。本方法的测定低限(LOQ)分别为7.0 μg/L(GC-MS)和5.0 μg/L(GC-MS/MS),回收率为74.9%~89.6%。采用该方法对11种不同类型的乳制品进行了检测,发现了两例阳性样品。     

液相色谱－串联质谱法对小鼠血浆中远志皂苷元的测定

建立了小鼠血浆中远志皂苷元(senegenin,Se)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法.以RESTEK PinnacleⅡC18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-水(体积比51∶49)为流动相,流速200 μL·min-1;柱温20 ℃;质谱条件为气动辅助电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测方式为负离子多反应监测模式(MRM),用于定性分析的离子对为m/z 535/481和m/z 535/423,其中m/z 535/481为定量离子;生物样品采用固相萃取方法处理.远志皂苷元标准曲线的线性范围为0.5～1 000 μg·L-1,定量下限达0.5 μg·L-1,日内、日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%,回收率大于80%,精密度和准确度等均符合生物样品分析的要求.结果表明该法准确、灵敏、特异,适用于血浆中远志皂苷元的测定.该文还借助ABI4000 Q TRAP四极杆质谱仪特有的MS/MS/MS技术探讨了远志皂苷元碰撞活化裂解(collision-active dissociation,CAD)主要质谱碎片的产生机理.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中卡托普利的浓度

建立了测定人血浆中卡托普利的LC/MS/MS法。取血浆0.2 mL,用对溴苯甲酰甲基溴进行衍生化,经甲醇沉淀蛋白后,以甲醇-10 mmol/L乙酸铵-甲酸(80/20/0.4,V/V)为流动相,用Zorbax SB-C18柱分离,通过配有电喷雾离子化源的四极杆-线性离子阱质谱仪,以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测。用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z416→m/z216(卡托普利衍生物)和m/z28→m/z193(安定)。卡托普利的线性范围为2.5~1000μg/L,最低定量限为2.5μg/L,样品分析时间为2.0 m in。该法精密、准确,在灵敏度和分析速度上优于以往文献报道,适用于游离型卡托普利血药浓度的监测和药动学研究。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱分析饮用水中的高氯酸盐

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)分析饮用水中高氯酸盐的方法.以300Extend-C18为分析柱,10%甲醇水溶液为流动相,ESI MS/MS串联质谱为检测器,以多重反应监测(MRM)模式监测高氯酸盐m/z 99.5→82.9离子对.方法的线性范围为0.2 ～10 μg/L,相关系数为r2=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.15 μg/L,平均加标回收率为82%,相对标准偏差为4.4%.应用UPLC-ESI MS/MS法测定北京市部分城区饮用水中的高氯酸盐,其中5个水样中检出ClO-4,质量浓度为0.040 ～0.262 μg/L,但在安全阈值范围内,不会对居民健康构成威胁.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定兔血浆中的丝裂霉素C

建立了采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定兔血浆中丝裂霉素C的方法。以兔空白血浆为基质,通过添加标准溶液的方法配制含丝裂霉素C和内标物曲安奈德的样品,选用乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂,液-液萃取法处理血浆样品。采用Hypersil Gold C18分析柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(90:10, v/v),等度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,在3 min内实现了快速分离。采用电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,选择反应监测(SRM)模式检测,以曲安奈德作为内标物进行定量。用于监测的定量离子对分别为丝裂霉素C m/z 335.2→242.2和曲安奈德m/z 435.2→397.3/415.2,用基质匹配标准溶液法进行定量。结果表明: 兔血浆中丝裂霉素C的质量浓度在1～1000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9978,权重系数(weighting): 1/x2);血浆中丝裂霉素C的检出限(信噪比为3)为0.2 μg/L;其平均回收率为85%～ 115%;日内及日间的相对标准偏差(RSDs)均小于15%,满足生物样品检测的要求。该方法可用于兔气管外壁给药后的血浆样品中丝裂霉素C的检测。本方法选择性强、灵敏度高、操作简便快速、重现性好,适用于丝裂霉素C药代动力学等方面的研究。     

Rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of ziprasidone in human plasma

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of ziprasidone (ZIP) in human plasma was developed. ZIP and N-methyl ziprasidone as internal standard (IS) were extracted from alkalinized plasma using tert- butyl methyl ether. Separation was performed isocratically on a C8 column with 90% acetonitrile containing 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate as a mobile phase with a total run time of 2.5 min. MS/MS transitions of m/z 413 --> 194 and m/z 427 --> 177 of the analyte and internal standard were used for quantification. Confirmatory ions of m/z 413 --> 177 and m/z 427 --> 180 were collected as well. The calibration curve based on peak-area ratio was linear up to at least 200 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL. The method showed satisfactory reproducibility with a coefficient of variation of less than 5%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of ZIP in spiked human plasma.     

Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of ambroxol in human plasma

A sensitive, specific and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was described and validated for the quantification of ambroxol in human plasma using enalaprilat as the internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on a Lichrospher CN column with a mobile phase of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) (70:30, v/v). The total run time was 5.0 min for each sample. The analytes was detected by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source in positive selected reaction monitoring mode. The precursor-fragment ion reaction for ambroxol was m/z 378.9 --> 263.8, and for IS was m/z 349.0 --> 205.9. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 1.56-400.00 ng/mL. The inter-day and the intra-day precisions were all within 10%. A simple protein precipitation with methanol was adopted for sample preparation. The extraction recoveries of ambroxol and IS were higher than 90.80%. The validated method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of 90 mg ambroxol to 24 healthy volunteers.     

Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and its major metabolite, salicylic acid, in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetic study of Astrix in Korean healthy volunteers

The first liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for determination of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA) and one of its major metabolites, salicylic acid (SA), in human plasma using simvastatin as an internal standard has been developed and validated. For ASA analysis, a plasma sample containing potassium fluoride was extracted using a mixture of ethyl acetate and diethyl ether in the presence of 0.5% formic acid. SA, a major metabolite of ASA, was extracted from plasma using protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The compounds were separated on a reversed-phase column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid (8:2, v/v). The ion transitions recorded in multiple reaction monitoring mode were m/z 179 --> 137, 137 --> 93 and 435 --> 319 for ASA, SA and IS, respectively. The coefficient of variation of the assay precision was less than 9.3%, and the accuracy exceeded 86.5%. The lower limits of quantification for ASA and SA were 5 and 50 ng/mL, respectively. The developed assay method was successfully applied for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics of ASA and SA after single oral administration of Astrix (entero-coated pellet, 100 mg of aspirin) to 10 Korean healthy male volunteers.     

Rapid quantification of lisinopril in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

An assay based on protein precipitation and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of lisinopril in human plasma. After the addition of enalaprilat as internal standard (IS), plasma samples were prepared by one-step protein precipitation using perchloric acid followed by an isocratic elution with 10 mm ammonium acetate buffer (pH adjusted to 5.0 with acetic acid)-methanol (70:30, v/v) on a Phenomenex Luna 5 mu C(18) (2) column. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operating in positive ion and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with the precursor to product ion transitions m/z 406 --> 246 for lisinopril and m/z 349 --> 206 for enalaprilat. Calibration curves of lisinopril in human plasma were linear (r = 0.9973-0.9998) over the concentration range 2-200 ng/mL with acceptable accuracy and precision. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification in human plasma were 1 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. The validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study of lisinopril in Chinese healthy male volunteers.     

Validated LC-MS/MS method for quantification of gabapentin in human plasma: application to pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in Korean volunteers

A sensitive validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS) for gabapentin (GB) in human plasma has been developed and applied to pharmacokinetic (PK) and bioequivalence (BE) studies in human. In a randomized crossover design with a 1-week period, each subject received a 300 mg GB capsule. The procedure involves a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile and separated by LC with a Gemini C(18) column using acetonitrile-10 mm ammonium acetate (20:80, v/v, pH 3.2) as mobile phase. The GB and internal standard [(S)-(+)-alpha-aminocyclohexanepropionic acid hydrate] were analyzed using an LC-API 2000 MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The ionization was optimized using ESI(+) and selectivity was achieved using MS/MS analysis, m/z 172.0 --> 154.0 and m/z 172.0 --> 126.0 for GB and IS, respectively. The assay exhibited good linearity over a working range of 20-5000 ng/mL for GB in human plasma with a lower limit of quantitation of 20 ng/mL. No endogenous compounds were found to interfere with the analysis. The accuracy and precision were shown for concentrations over the standard ranges. This method was successfully applied for the PK and BE studies by analysis of blood samples taken up to 36 h after an oral dose of 300 mg of GB in 24 healthy volunteers.     

Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method with electrospray ionization for quantitation of zafirlukast, a selective leukotriene antagonist in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study

A highly sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the estimation of zafirlukast (ZFK) with 500 microL human plasma using valdecoxib as an internal standard (IS). The API-4,000 LC-MS/MS was operated under multiple reaction-monitoring mode using the electrospray ionization technique. The assay procedure involved extraction of ZFK and IS from human plasma with ethyl acetate. The resolution of peaks was achieved with 10 mm ammonium acetate (pH 6.4):acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) on a Hypersil BDS C(18) column. The total chromatographic run time was 2.0 min and the elution of ZFK and IS occurred at approximately 1.11 and 1.58 min, respectively. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 574.2 --> 462.1 for ZFK and 313.3 --> 118.1 for IS. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at a linearity range of 0.15-600 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of >or=0.999. The method was rugged with 0.15 ng/mL as lower limit of quantitation. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were found to be within the assay variability limits as per the FDA guidelines. The developed assay method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers following oral administration of 20 mg ZFK tablet.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法测定人血浆中的辛伐他汀

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆中辛伐他汀的浓度。血浆样品经乙醚-正己烷-异丙醇(体积比为80∶20∶3)提取,以洛伐他汀为内标,采用ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(体积比为85∶15)为流动相,流速为0.25 mL/min,通过电喷雾离子化,采用多反应监测(MRM)方式进行正离子检测。线性范围为0.051～20.4 ng/mL,日内及日间测定的相对标准偏差不高于10%,平均回收率为91.6%。方法灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作简便,适用于辛伐他汀药物动力学和生物等效性研究。     

Selective and sensitive determination of bis(7)-tacrine, a high erythrocyte binding acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The current study aims to develop a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of bis(7)-tacrine (B7T) in rat plasma. A 100 microL plasma sample was extracted with ethyl acetate. B7T and the internal standard (IS), pimozide, in the samples were then analyzed with LC-MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization condition. Chromatographic separation of B7T and IS was achieved in a C(18) reversed-phase HPLC column (150 x 2.1 mm i.d.) by isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed to measure the ion transitions: m/z 247 to 197 for B7T and m/z 462 to m/z 328 for IS, respectively. The method was linear over the studied ranges of 100-5000 and 10-100 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day variations of the analysis were less than 6.8% with standard errors less than 9.0%. The detection limit of B7T in rat plasma was 1 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of B7T after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg B7T and further proved to be readily utilized for determination of B7T in rat plasma samples.     

Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method with electrospray ionization for quantitation of rhein in human plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study

A highly sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the estimation of rhein with 100 microL human plasma using celecoxib as an internal standard (IS). The API-4,000 Q-Trap LC-MS/MS was operated under multiple reaction-monitoring mode using the electrospray ionization technique. The assay procedure involved extraction of rhein and IS from human plasma with acetonitrile, which yielded consistent recoveries of 36.01 and 65.85% for rhein and IS, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 5.0 min and the elution of rhein and IS occurred at approximately 1.60 and 3.96 min, respectively. The resolution of peaks was achieved with 0.01 m ammonium acetate (pH 6.0):acetonitrile:methanol (30:58:12, v/v) on an Inertsil ODS-3 column. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at a linearity range of 0.005-5.00 microg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of >or=0.995. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.005 microg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were found to be within the assay variability limits as per the FDA guidelines. Rhein was found to be stable in the battery of stability studies. The application of the assay to pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies confirmed the utility of the assay to derive pharmacokinetic parameters.