带通欠采样技术及在数字中频软件接收机中的工程应用

对无混叠带通信号的均匀采样定理进行了讨论,分别指出了经典的低通信号均匀采样定理和最小无混叠带通信号采样定理均是该定理的特例,整数频带位时两倍带宽采样率的潜在危险,大于四倍带宽的采样率并不能保证带通信号的无混叠采样,无混叠采样率的降低与对信号保护带和采样时钟精度要求之间的矛盾,以及欠采样区间的选取与欠采样后原信号正负频谱错位之间的关系.之后,结合作者的工程实践,论文给出了该技术在数字中频软件接收机中的具体应用实例.根据实际中需要考虑的几个制约因素对采用的欠采样率进行了精确选择,使得系统可以采用一款廉价的DSP芯片,并成功地使用了该芯片所集成的低速ADC和有限的DSP运算资源,大幅降低了接收机的生产成本.其中还对带通信号欠采样后的频谱结构进行了讨论,指出利用欠采样实现免混频解调法存在的不安全性,为此,论文提出了在欠采样后再进行低频混频和低通滤波的解决办法.     

任意通带信号的采样定理与频带整体适应性数据表示

本文建立了任意通带信号的采样定理,对附有直流分量的带通信号、几个带通的组合、或者若干个带通与带限组合等等这类组合带信号,给出最低采样率的算法,可直接用于数据表示和数据压缩等相关问题。     

一种新的带通信号采样方法

本文提出一种新的带通信号采样方法,实现对带通信号的“等效”低通信号采样。带通信号实际采样率仅为输出端所获同相分量和正交分量采样率的两倍,可以直接确定采样频率和设计低通抗混叠滤波器。该采样方法使用滤波器的多相结构实现,这种实现方法特别适合于线性相移FIR滤波器。     

基带采样率内任意带通信号的正交采样

提出了一种在基带采样率内对任意带通信号的正交采样技术。载频位于ADC(模/数转换器)基带采样率内的任意带通信号,经1/2抽取和(-1)n调制,再由全通线性多相滤波器内插后,得到其复包络的调制输出XI(n)和XQ(n)。     

复包络的等效正交条件及其在OQAM信号中的应用

本文指出了一般文献中阐述的复信号常规正交条件并不是通信系统中实带通信号复包络正交的必要条件。作者根据等效低通法，利用实带通信号复包络的复互相关函数导出了两个实带通信号复包络的等效正交条件。它可广泛地应用于通信系统带通信号正交性分析。本文着重从同一子信道和相邻子信道两个方面全面地分析ＯＱＡＭ信号的正交性。     

二阶非均匀带通采样信号的快速恢复

本文讨论了实带通信号在二阶非均匀采样下的快速频域搬移、恢复,即用FFT方法将实带通信号恢复到两倍带宽(2B)内的复解析信号,而幅度和相位保持不变,最后经过简单的运算,得到原始频率。计算机模拟证实了上述方法。     

基带采样率内任意带通信号的正交采样

提出了一种在基带采样率内对任意带通信号的正交采样技术。载频位于ＡＤＣ（模／数转换器）基带采样率内的任意带通信号，经１／２抽取和（－１）＾ｎ调制，再由全通线性多相滤波器内插后，得到基复包络的调制输出ＸＩ（ｎ）和ＸＱ（ｎ）。     

带通信号采样定理的教学浅析

现有＂信号与系统＂及＂信号处理＂两门课程的教材对带通信号的采样定理未给出详细讨论,在一定程度上影响了学生对带通信号采样定理的理解。笔者根据多年的教学体会,从带通信号采样定理的引入、推导及举例等几个基本环节,对带通信号采样定理作简要描述,供读者参考。     

欠采样带通信号时延估计算法

本文研究了带通信号的时延估计问题。由于带通信号载波的高频振荡,已有的时延估计算法在欠采样条件下无法得到精确的估计结果,尤其当延时真值不是采样间隔整数倍时,将出现无法克服的误差平台。本文通过分析,对这一问题给出了合理的解释,并提出了一种欠采样条件下的带通信号时延估计新算法。新算法利用相关函数的复包络估计时延很好地解决了上述问题,进而利用带通信号的特点提高了算法对噪声的鲁棒性。仿真结果说明,新算法的性能优于已有的时延估计算法。     

宽带带通信号的直接采样定理

对起、止频率为ｆｓ_ｆｅ_的带通信号的直接采样,传统上要求信号是窄带的９即ｆ≥ｆ_ｅ／２）,否则只能用经典的Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ采样定理,以不低于２ｆ_ａ的采样率来采样才能恢复信号。本文采取半均匀采样技巧,突破了这一限制。对满足ｆ_ｓ≥ｆ_ｅ／３的宽带带通信号,建立了精确的恢复公式,采样率为４ｆｅ／３,低于Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ率;如果ｆ_ｓ＜ｆ_ｅ／３,用ｔｉｌｉｎｇ分析技术可以证明无论是均匀还是半均匀采样,最低采样率必然是２ｆ_ｅ。这表明本文所给出的宽带条件是最优的。     

Complex bandpass sampling and direct downconversion of multiband analytic signals

The kernel concept of the software defined radio architecture is to eliminate the analogue mixers and to place analogue-to-digital converters as near the antenna as possible. Bandpass sampling can be used for direct downconversion without analogue mixers. In this paper, we report an efficient method to find the ranges of valid bandpass sampling frequency for direct downconverting multiple bandpass analytic signals (single-sideband RF signals). The algorithm results in the ranges of valid bandpass sampling frequency for the complex signals in terms of bandwidths and band positions of the single-sideband RF signals. Compared to real bandpass sampling, the valid sampling frequency ranges are easier to find and the ranges thus obtained having much wider interval than those of real sampling. As a consequence, the complex sampling scheme is more flexible in choosing sampling frequency and more robust to the sampling frequency variation. Furthermore, if spectral inversion is not permitted, then in some cases there will have no applicable sampling frequency under Nyquist rate for real sampling.     

The theory of bandpass sampling

The sampling of bandpass signals is discussed with respect to band position, noise considerations, and parameter sensitivity. For first-order sampling, the acceptable and unacceptable sample rates are presented, with specific discussion of the practical rates which are nonminimum. It is shown that the minimum sampling rate is pathological in that any imperfection in the implementation will cause aliasing. In applying bandpass sampling to relocate signals to a base-band position, the signal-to-noise ratio is not preserved owing to the out-of-band noise being aliased. The degradation in signal-to-noise ratio is quantified in terms of the position of the bandpass signal. For the construction of a bandpass signal from second-order samples, the cost of implementing the interpolant (dynamic range and length) depends on Kohlenberg's sampling factor (1953) k, the relative delay between the uniform sampling streams. An elaboration on the disallowed discrete values of k shows that some allowed values are better than others for implementation     

A generalization of nonuniform bandpass sampling

Nth-order nonuniform sampling is described for generalized bandpass signal frequency position, bandwidth, sampling rate, frequency-shift and phase-shift. A bandpass extension to the Nyquist criterion is derived, showing that restrictions on bandpass frequency position for odd orders of nonuniform sampling tend to zero as N tends to infinity. Bandpass interpolants based on the sinc function are derived for the generalized Nth-order sampled bandpass signals. It is shown that, for minimum (Nyquist) rate sampling, these interpolants are comprised of N bandpass filters, each with independent phase. The number of bandpass filters comprising the interpolant is found to decrease as the sample rate increases. The advantage of describing Nth-order sampling as the Nth replication and uniform sampling of a signal is demonstrated. Finally, digital implementation of the Nth-order bandpass sampling interpolants is discussed. It is established that it is not practicable to attempt to perform nonuniform bandpass sampling at the theoretical minimum rate, where the interpolation is to be performed digitally     

Direct downconversion of multiband RF signals using bandpass sampling

Abstract-Bandpass sampling can be used by radio receivers to directly digitize the radio frequency (RF) signals. Although the bandpass sampling theory for single-band RF signals is well established, its counterpart for multiband RF signals is relatively immature. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method to find the ranges of valid bandpass sampling frequency for direct downconverting multiband RF signals. Simple formulas for the ranges of valid bandpass sampling frequency in terms of the frequency locations of the multiple RF bands are derived. The result can be used to design a multiband receiver for software defined radios.     

Identification of cubically nonlinear systems excited by bandpass inputs

Identification of cubically nonlinear systems excited by bandpass inputs using discrete-time samples of the input and output signals is investigated. When excited by a bandpass signal, a nonlinear system may generate an output signal which occupies multiple frequency bands. Therefore, although the input signal can be bandpass sampled without causing aliasing by following the well known bandpass sampling theorem, the output signal must obey more sophisticated bandpass sampling criteria to avoid aliasing. Specifically, when a cubically nonlinear system is excited by a bandpass input signal whose highest frequency is larger than three times its bandwidth, a proper bandpass sampling frequency without causing aliasing in the sampled output signal must be at least 18 times the bandwidth of the input signal. First, a method for identifying the cubically nonlinear system using properly bandpass sampled data is developed. Then, a novel method is proposed, which allows identification of the cubically nonlinear system using data sampled at about twice the bandwidth of the input signal, even though aliasing exists in the sampled output under these circumstances. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed methods have the advantage of requiring a lower sampling rate. This makes the proposed methods highly appreciated in situations where high-speed sampling is unattainable.     

A Novel Receiver Architecture for DBF Antenna Array

The developments of the high speed analog to digital converters （ADC） and advanced digital signal processors （DSP） make the smart antenna with digital beamforming （DBF） a reality. In conventional M-elements array antenna system, each element has its own receiving channel and ADCs. In this paper, a novel smart antenna receiver with digital beamforming is proposed. The essential idea is to realize the digital beamforming receiver based on bandpass sampling of multiple distinct intermediate frequency （IF） signals. The proposed system reduces receiver hardware from M IF channels and 2M ADCs to one IF channel and one ADC using a heterodyne radio frequency （RF） circuitry and a multiple bandpass sampling digital receiver. In this scheme, the sampling rate of the ADC is much higher than the summation of the M times of the signal bandwidth. The local oscillator produces different local frequency for each RF channel The receiver architecture is presented in detail, and the simulation of bandpass sampling of multiple signals and digital down conversion to baseband is given. The principle analysis and simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the new proposed receiver.     

A novel method for down-conversion of multiple bandpass signals

Simultaneous down-conversion of multiple band-pass signals is desirable for a number of wireless applications. Bandpass sampling technique can be used for this purpose, but it is difficult to implement and has several drawbacks. In this paper we propose a novel front-end technique to directly down-convert multiple frequency- division multiplexed (FDM) signals separated by certain minimum frequency. A special downconversion function is derived to achieve simultaneous downconversion of the received signals. The technique requires simpler bandpass filters and the ADC has a baseband input as compared to bandpass sampling, which imposes strict requirements on bandpass filters and requires an ADC which can handle RF inputs. The performance of the method has been evaluated by simulating a BPSK receiver employing this technique.     

强干扰情况下用于CDMA系统的时空域联合处理

本文提出了一个时空域联合处理技术来对抗码分多址通信系统中的多址干扰.它由智能天线和多用户联合检测结合而成,智能天线可以压制与有用信号来向不同的干扰,余下的与用户信号来向相同的干扰可以被多用户联合检测系统消除.这种结构在干扰严重的信道仍能得到令人满意的效果.     

一种新的数字阵列雷达接收机技术

高速ADC和先进DSP器件的进展使数字波束形成智能天线的实现成为现实。在传统的M单元天线阵系统中,每一单元都有各自的接收通道和ADC,设备量大。文中提出了一种适合于多通道数字阵列雷达接收系统的新型数字接收机结构,其主要思想是基于多个不同信号的带通采样原理实现数字阵列雷达接收机,新接收机结构使IF接收通道和基带采样ADC显著减少,功耗大大降低。阐述了数字阵列接收的数据模型和工作原理,分析了多信号带通采样信号频率和采样率的关系,给出了采样率选取的约束条件。新接收机在降低设备量的同时,还减小了接收系统通道间幅一相不一致性失真。