On separable Banach subspaces

We show that any infinite-dimensional Banach (or more generally, Fréchet) space contains linear subspaces of arbitrarily high Borel complexity which admit separable complete norms giving rise to the inherited Borel structure.     

Norming Subspaces Isomorphic to l_1

Norming subspaces are studied widely in the duality theory of Banach spaces. These subspaces are applied to the Borel and Baire classifications of the inverse operators. The main result of this article asserts that the dual of a Banach space X contains a norming subspace isomorphic to 1 provided that the following two conditions are satisfied:(1) X*contains a subspace isomorphic to 1;and(2) X*contains a separable norming subspace.     

Lindelöf type of generalization of separability in Banach spaces

We will introduce the countable separation property (CSP) of Banach spaces X, which is defined as follows: X has CSP if each family E of closed linear subspaces of X whose intersection is the zero space contains a countable subfamily E₀ with the same intersection. All separable Banach spaces have CSP and plenty of examples of non-separable CSP spaces are provided. Connections of CSP with Marku?evi?-bases, Corson property and related geometric issues are discussed.     

Norming subspaces isomorphic to ℓ 1

Norming subspaces are studied widely in the duality theory of Banach spaces. These subspaces are applied to the Borel and Baire classifications of the inverse operators. The main result of this article asserts that the dual of a Banach space X contains a norming subspace isomorphic to l₁ provided that the following two conditions are satisfied: (1) X^* contains a subspace isomorphic to l₁; and (2) X^* contains a separable norming subspace.     

On almost Chebyshev subspaces

A closed subspace F in a Banach space X is called almost Chebyshev if the set of x ε X which fail to have unique best approximation in F is contained in a first category subset. We prove, among other results, that if X is a separable Banach space which is either locally uniformly convex or has the Radon-Nikodym property, then “almost all” closed subspaces are almost Chebyshev.     

Convergence of minimum norm elements of projections and intersections of nested affine spaces in Hilbert space

We consider a Hilbert space, an orthogonal projection onto a closed subspace and a sequence of downwardly directed affine spaces. We give sufficient conditions for the projection of the intersection of the affine spaces into the closed subspace to be equal to the intersection of their projections. Under a closure assumption, one such (necessary and) sufficient condition is that summation and intersection commute between the orthogonal complement of the closed subspace, and the subspaces corresponding to the affine spaces. Another sufficient condition is that the cosines of the angles between the orthogonal complement of the closed subspace, and the subspaces corresponding to the affine spaces, be bounded away from one. Our results are then applied to a general infinite horizon, positive semi-definite, linear quadratic mathematical programming problem. Specifically, under suitable conditions, we show that optimal solutions exist and, modulo those feasible solutions with zero objective value, they are limits of optimal solutions to finite-dimensional truncations of the original problem.     

Borel properties of linear operators

Given an injective bounded linear operator T:X→Y between Banach spaces, we study the Borel measurability of the inverse map T−1:TX→X. A remarkable result of Saint-Raymond (Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 26 (1976) 211-256) states that if X is separable, then the Borel class of T⁻¹ is α if, and only if, X∗ is the αth iterated sequential weak∗-closure of T∗Y∗ for some countable ordinal α. We show that Saint-Raymond's result holds with minor changes for arbitrary Banach spaces if we assume that T has certain property named co-σ-discreteness after Hansell (Proc. London Math. Soc. 28 (1974) 683-699). As an application, we show that the Borel class of the inverse of a co-σ-discrete operator T can be estimated by the image of the unit ball or the restrictions of T to separable subspaces of X. Our results apply naturally when X is a WCD Banach space since in this case any injective bounded linear operator defined on X is automatically co-σ-discrete.     

Ergodic Banach spaces

We show that any Banach space contains a continuum of non-isomorphic subspaces or a minimal subspace. We define an ergodic Banach space X as a space such that E₀ Borel reduces to isomorphism on the set of subspaces of X, and show that every Banach space is either ergodic or contains a subspace with an unconditional basis which is complementably universal for the family of its block-subspaces. We also use our methods to get uniformity results. We show that an unconditional basis of a Banach space, of which every block-subspace is complemented, must be asymptotically c₀ or ?_p, and we deduce some new characterisations of the classical spaces c₀ and ?_p.     

The finite-dimensional decomposition property in non-Archimedean Banach spaces

A non-Archimedean Banach space has the orthogonal finite-dimensional decomposition property（OFDDP） if it is the orthogonal direct sum of a sequence of finite-dimensional subspaces.This property has an influence in the non-Archimedean Grothendieck＇s approximation theory,where an open problem is the following： Let E be a non-Archimedean Banach space of countable type with the OFDDP and let D be a closed subspace of E.Does D have the OFDDP？ In this paper we give a negative answer to this question; we construct a Banach space of countable type with the OFDDP having a one-codimensional subspace without the OFDDP.Next we prove that,however,for certain classes of Banach spaces of countable type,the OFDDP is preserved by taking finite-codimensional subspaces.     

A note on non-support points, negligible sets, Gâteaux differentiability and Lipschitz embeddings

This paper first presents a characterization of three classes of negligible closed convex sets (i.e., Gauss null sets, Aronszajn null sets and cube null sets) in terms of non-support points; then gives a generalization of Gâteaux differentiability theorems of Lipschitz mapping from open sets to those closed convex sets admitting non-support points; and as their application, finally shows that a closed convex set in a separable Banach space X can be Lipschitz embedded into a Banach space Y with the Radon–Nikodym property if and only if the closure of its linear span is linearly isomorphic to a closed subspace of Y.     

Some isomorphically polyhedral orlicz sequence spaces

A Banach space is polyhedral if the unit ball of each of its finite dimensional subspaces is a polyhedron. It is known that a polyhedral Banach space has a separable dual and isc ₀-saturated, i.e., each closed infinite dimensional subspace contains an isomorph ofc ₀. In this paper, we show that the Orlicz sequence spaceh _M is isomorphic to a polyhedral Banach space if lim _t→0 M(Kt)/M(t)=∞ for someK<∞. We also construct an Orlicz sequence spaceh _M which isc ₀-saturated, but which is not isomorphic to any polyhedral Banach space. This shows that beingc ₀-saturated and having a separable dual are not sufficient for a Banach space to be isomorphic to a polyhedral Banach space.     

Multivalued linear projections

A multivalued linear projection operator P defined on linear space X is a multivalued linear operator which is idempotent and has invariant domain. We show that a multivalued projection can be characterised in terms of a pair of subspaces and then establish that the class of multivalued linear projections is closed under taking adjoints and closures. We apply the characterisations of the adjoint and completion of a projection together with the closed graph and closed range theorems to give criteria for the continuity of a projection defined on a normed linear space. A new proof of the theorem on closed sums of closed subspaces in a Banach space (cf. Mennicken and Sagraloff [9, 10]) follows as a simple corollary. We then show that the topological decomposition of a space may be expressed in terms of multivalued projections. The paper is concluded with an application to multivalued semi-Fredholm relations with generalised inverses.     

Minimal subspaces and isomorphically homogeneous sequences in a Banach space

If a Banach space is saturated with subspaces with a Schauder basis, which embed into the linear span of any subsequence of their basis, then it contains a minimal subspace. It follows that any Banach space is either ergodic or contains a minimal subspace.     

Isometric embeddings of compact spaces into Banach spaces

We show the existence of a compact metric space K such that whenever K embeds isometrically into a Banach space Y, then any separable Banach space is linearly isometric to a subspace of Y. We also address the following related question: if a Banach space Y contains an isometric copy of the unit ball or of some special compact subset of a separable Banach space X, does it necessarily contain a subspace isometric to X? We answer positively this question when X is a polyhedral finite-dimensional space, c₀ or ?₁.     

Strong Subdifferentiability of Convex Functionals and Proximinality

Using strong subdifferentiability of convex functionals, we give a new sufficient condition for proximinality of closed subspaces of finite codimension in a Banach space. We apply this result to the Banach space K(l₂) of compact operators on l₂ and we show that a finite codimensional subspace Y of K(l₂) is strongly proximinal if and only if every linear form which vanishes on Y attains its norm.     

On the Chebyshev Center and the Nonemptiness of the Intersection of Nested Sets

Mathematical Notes - We show that if every bounded set in a Banach space has a Chebyshev center, then the intersection of nested closed bounded sets in this space is nonempty in the case of a...     

Separable Determination of the Fixed Point Property of Convex Sets in Banach Spaces

In this paper, we first show that for every mapping $f$ from a metric space $Ω$ to itself which is continuous off a countable subset of $Ω,$ there exists a nonempty closed separable subspace $S ⊂ Ω$ so that $f|_S$ is again a self mapping on $S.$ Therefore, both the fixed point property and the weak fixed point property of a nonempty closed convex set in a Banach space are separably determined. We then prove that every separable subspace of $c_0(\Gamma)$ (for any set $\Gamma$) is again lying in $c_0.$ Making use of these results, we finally presents a simple proof of the famous result: Every non-expansive self-mapping defined on a nonempty weakly compact convex set of $c_0(\Gamma)$ has a fixed point.     

线性算子的摄动定理

该文利用Mbekhta M于1987年引入的两个子空间来研究线性算子的摄动. 证明了如下结论：设X=K(T)+W, 其中K(T), W均闭, dim［K(T)∩N(T)］< ∞. 若TWW, TW闭, 且存在闭子空间N, 使W=［W∩N(T)］N, 则： 当S∈B(X)可逆, ST= TS, SWW, 且‖S‖充分小时， T-S为上半Fredholm算子. 在上条件下, 若dimN<∞, K(T′)闭, 则T-S为Fredholm算子, 且R(T-S)=X.     

Operations on approximatively compact sets

In the paper, the problem of preserving the property of approximative compactness under diverse operations is considered. In an arbitrary uniformly convex separable space, we construct an example of two approximatively compact sets whose intersection is not approximatively compact. An example of two linear approximatively compact sets for which the closure of their algebraic sum is not approximatively compact is constructed. In an arbitrary Banach space, we construct two nonlinear approximatively compact sets whose algebraic sum is closed but not approximatively compact. We also prove that any uniformly closed Banach space contains an approximatively compact cavity.     

Banach空间上闭线性子空间强正交可补的充分必要条件

证明了闭的极大线性子空间是强正交可补的充分必要条件是,空间X是自反严格凸的.