基于MRF和神经网络的三维运动参数估计

为解决非刚体三维运动中运动参数估计的问题,结合了马尔科夫随机场(MRF)和神经网络的方法.其中,MRF用于建立各个特征点的局部运动相关性模型,求出各个特征点的三维坐标;神经网络方法用于对特征点进行聚类,并求出运动参数;最后根据求出的运动参数修正各个特征点的邻域系,实验结果表明该算法能够正确估计出非刚体的运动参数.     

一种三维运动参数的鲁棒估计方法

本文提出了一种估计三维运动参数的线性算法,利用两帧图象之间点匹配的信息,算法给出了鲁棒性较好的解。该算法的关键之处是引入必要的先验知识,使得先验知识直接参与数值计算,以解决所谓不适定问题,实验结果表明:本文的算法在多方面优于现存的算法。     

基于频谱参数估计和神经网络的运动模糊图像恢复

提出了一种运动模糊图像恢复模型,运动模糊图像经傅立叶变换后在频域有频谱零点进行参数估计,通过霍变换初步求得运动模糊图像的点扩展函数,当估计出运动模糊图像的点扩展函数的参数后,用神经网络方法进行恢复。这种恢复模型可以对任意角度的匀速运动模糊图像的恢复取得恢复效果。该方法具有操作简单和全局搜索收敛的优点,实验证明这是一种比较好的运动模糊图像恢复方法。     

基于扩展的Kanade-Lucas的背景运动参数估计

复杂背景下运动分析首先需要进行背景运动参数估计。提出一种采用KLT算子并结合Kanade．Lucas跟踪算法来计算帧间特征点的匹配，然后利用帧间特征点间的匹配关系采用RANSAC算法来进行背景运动参数估计。实验结果证明这种方法具有计算量小，能实时实现并提供可靠的背景运动模型估计。     

双视三维重建的高精度运动参数估计方法

从两幅透视图像恢复被摄目标的三维结构是计算机视觉最基本的任务之一,其中,运动估计算法的性能决定了最终的三维重建精度。首先讨论了双视成像的基本数学模型,并介绍了几种现有运动参数估计方法的基本原理和不足。随后,基于投影误差最小判决函数,提出了用于双像运动估计的改进非线性迭代优化方法。数值仿真结果表明,在大平移小旋转角及小平移大旋转角2种运动条件下,采用文中提出的方法,运动估计精度均有所提高。此外,根据运动参数的估计值对真实目标进行三维重建实验,结果表明尺度重建误差小于2%且角度误差在3°以内。     

刚体空间运动参数估计

本文发展了一种模型匹配估计算法,它具有较高的鲁棒性.根据已做的总数达一千二百万个不同空间点的实验显示:在采样总数N≤30时,只要有4到5对匹配正确的点就可以准确地估计出刚体空间运动的参数.这种高鲁棒性使得该方法能够用于多个刚体运动的分析.     

基于Radon变换的运动模糊图像参数估计

运动模糊图像的参数估计直接影响图像的去模糊效果。提出了基于Radon变换的参数估计算法,结合运动模糊图像的频谱特性和Radon变换的数学含义,通过计算运动模糊图像二维频谱的Radon变换值,有效地估计出运动模糊的方向角θ和长度L两个参数。实验表明,该方法简单可行,参数估计准确,最终的图像去模糊效果良好。     

两个三维点集的非精确匹配方法

本文提出了两种高效率的用于匹配两个三维点集的方法,第一种方法是对文献[1]所提出的方法的改进,但第一种方法需要知道三个匹配点,为了放宽条件,我们提出了第二种方法,第二种方法具有更好的适用性,它可以解决任意两个三维点集的匹配问题,这两种方法都是基于先分别对两个点集中的全部点进行排序,然后进行小范围的局部匹配的思想;假定两个点集中都有几个点,它们的计算复杂性是O(n log n),而其它的方法都是O(n~2)。在点集较大的情况下(大于20个点),这两种方法将获得快速而有效的结果,并且容易逼近总体上的最佳匹配。     

基于长序列立体图象的运动参数LS估计

将目标的运动表示为一个匀速旋转且旋转中心做匀加速平移的模型,由此构造出一个由长序列立体图象、基于反对称矩阵分解(SSD)求解模型参数的线性最小二乘(LS)算法.文中给出了计算机模拟的结果.     

基于神经网络的项目参数估计方法

针对题库建设中项目参数估计的实际问题,提出了一种全新的基于神经网络的参数估计方法;并以二值记分的3PLM为项目反应理论模型,以广义回归神经网络为网络模型,根据Monte Cado实验法进行了模拟实验研究,最后将神经网络方法与传统的数理统计估计方法进行了比较.结果表明,在小样本测验情况下,神经网络方法具有一定的优势,尤其是当去掉对项目参数的先验概率分布的限制时,神经网络方法的优势更加明显,说明本文提出的方法具有一定的价值. ,     

Facial expression recognition system based on rigid and non-rigid motion separation and 3D pose estimation

This study presents a facial expression recognition system which separates the non-rigid facial expression from the rigid head rotation and estimates the 3D rigid head rotation angle in real time. The extracted trajectories of the feature points contain both rigid head motion components and non-rigid facial expression motion components. A 3D virtual face model is used to obtain accurate estimation of the head rotation angle such that the non-rigid motion components can be precisely separated to enhance the facial expression recognition performance. The separation performance of the proposed system is further improved through the use of a restoration mechanism designed to recover feature points lost during large pan rotations. Having separated the rigid and non-rigid motions, hidden Markov models (HMMs) are employed to recognize a prescribed set of facial expressions defined in terms of facial action coding system (FACS) action units (AUs).     

Neural networks for nonlinear state estimation

Estimating the state of a nonlinear stochastic system (observed through a nonlinear noisy measurement channel) has been the goal of considerable research to solve both filtering and control problems. In this paper, an original approach to the solution of the optimal state estimation problem by means of neural networks is proposed, which consists in constraining the state estimator to take on the structure of a multilayer feedforward network. Both non-recursive and recursive estimation schemes are considered, which enable one to reduce the original functional problem to a nonlinear programming one. As this reduction entails approximations for the optimal estimation strategy, quantitative results on the accuracy of such approximations are reported. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Multi-contour initial pose estimation for 3D registration

Reliable manipulation of everyday household objects is essential to the success of service robots. In order to accurately manipulate these objects, robots need to know objects’ full 6-DOF pose, which is challenging due to sensor noise, clutters, and occlusions. In this paper, we present a new approach for effectively guessing the object pose given an observation of just a small patch of the object, by leveraging the fact that many household objects can only keep stable on a planar surface under a small set of poses. In particular, for each stable pose of an object, we slice the object with horizontal planes and extract multiple cross-section 2D contours. The pose estimation is then reduced to find a stable pose whose contour matches best with that of the sensor data, and this can be solved efficiently by cross-correlation. Experiments on the manipulation tasks in the DARPA Robotics Challenge validate our approach. In addition, we also investigate our method’s performance on object recognition tasks raising in the challenge.     

应用神经网络隐式视觉模型进行立体视觉的三维重建

针对传统的基于精确数学模型的立体视觉方法过程繁琐的不足,提出一种应用BP神经网络隐式视觉模型进行三维重建的算法。该算法将多个标定平面放置在有效视场内,用神经网络模拟立体视觉由两个二维图像重建三维几何的过程,经过网络训练建模后,无须摄像机标定即可进行三维重建。仿真实验结果证明,该算法比较简单,且能保持较高的精度。     

利用共享动态隐变量模型估计三维人体运动

可视媒体中的基于学习的三维人体运动分析是计算机视觉领域中非常有挑战性的课题.本文在Gauss动态隐变量模型与共享隐结构的基础上,给出一种新的共享动态隐变量模型用于三维人体运动跟踪.该模型针对高维非线性动态系统,可以计算出高维状态向量和高维观测向量的共享动态低维隐变量,同时也能计算出隐变量对高维状态向量、高维观测向量的双向映射、以及隐变量自身的动态关系.使用该模型可以将传统的高维人体运动估计分层为先估计低维隐变量状态,再重建高维人体运动.在实验结果中,用仿真图像序列与真实图像序列证明了方法的有效性.     

3D motion estimation of bubbles of gas in fluid glass,using an optical flow gradient technique extended to a third dimension

To solve the problem of estimating velocities of gas bubbles in melted glass, a method based on optical flow constraint (OFC) has been extended to the 3D case. A single camera, whose distance to the fluid is variable in time, is used to capture a sequence of frames at different depths. Since objects are not static, we cannot obtain two frames of different height values at the same time, and to our knowledge, this prevents the use of common 3D motion estimation techni ques. Since the information will be rather sparse, our estimation takes several measures around a given pixel and discards the erroneous ones, using a robust estimator. Along with the exposition of the practical application, the estimation proposed here is first contrasted in the 2D case to common benchmarks and then evaluated for a synthetic problem where velocities are known. Received: 9 July 2001 / Accepted: 5 August 2002 Published online: 3 June 2003 This work has been supported by Saint Gobain Cristaleria S.A., under contract FUO-EM-034-01 with Oviedo University, Spain.     

Camera Calibration for 3D Color Scanning System Using Virtual 3D Model

Instead of traditionally using a 3D physical model with many control points on it, a calibration plate with printed chess grid and movable along its normal direction is implemented to provide large area 3D control points with variable Z values. Experiments show that the approach presented is effective for reconstructing 3D color objects in computer vision system.     

平行双目视觉系统的三维重建研究

随着图像处理,模式识别的快速发展,人们对双目视觉系统和三维创建越来越重视.本文研究和设计一套双目视觉系统目的是获得生动的立体图像.从二维图像恢复到三维图像实现了三维物体的可视化.