心脏超声估测肺动脉压对于评估肺栓塞预后的作用

目的 探讨多普勒超声估测肺动脉压力对于评估肺栓塞预后的作用.方法 对66例肺动脉栓塞住院患者进行回顾性分析.根据2008年欧洲心脏病协会颁布的急性肺栓塞诊治指南对肺栓塞患者进行危险分层,根据心脏多普勒超声检查,对于存在三尖瓣反流的患者估测肺动脉收缩压,＞40 mm Hg为肺动脉高压组,≤40 mm Hg为肺动脉压正常组.比较两组间临床指标和危险分层的差异.结果 肺动脉收缩压与肺栓塞患者的危险度分层关系密切(P＜0.05),肺动脉高压组的氨基端前脑钠肽值较肺动脉压正常组明显增高(P＜0.01),但其肌钙蛋白T值与肺动脉压正常组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 多普勒超声估测肺动脉压力对于肺栓塞预后有一定的评估意义.     

血清C反应蛋白水平对急性肺栓塞患者病情严重程度和预后的评估价值

目的探究血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平对急性肺栓塞患者病情严重程度和预后的评估价值。方法选取内蒙古自治区人民医院呼吸内科2012年1月—2015年1月收治的急性肺栓塞患者58例,根据血清CRP水平分为A组26例(CRP≥10 mg/L)和B组32例(CRP10 mg/L)。回顾性分析两组患者的生命体征(包括收缩压、舒张压、心率和呼吸频率)、疾病危险程度分层(分为低危、中危和高危)、并发症发生情况〔包括右心室功能不全、低血压、动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)60 mm Hg、心肌损伤和心源性休克〕和预后(包括入住ICU和住院期间死亡)。结果A组患者收缩压和舒张压低于B组,心率和呼吸频率高于B组(P0.05)。A组患者疾病危险程度分层劣于B组(u=3.024,P=0.003)。A组患者右心室功能不全、低血压、心肌损伤发生率高于B组(P0.05);两组患者Pa O260mm Hg发生率及心源性休克发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者入住ICU率高于B组(P0.05);两组患者住院期间病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清CRP水平能有效评估急性肺栓塞患者病情严重程度和预后,血清CRP≥10 mg/L常提示急性肺栓塞患者心功能损伤严重、微循环血流灌注不足,且会增加入住ICU的概率。     

超声心动图测量肺动脉高压对急性肺栓塞患者的危险分层及预后的应用价值

目的研究超声心动图测量肺动脉高压(PAH)对急性肺栓塞(APE)患者的危险分层及预后的应用价值。方法选取2012年1月-2015年4月我院收治的APE患者64例,均接受右心导管检查和彩色多普勒超声心动图检查,比较不同危险分层APE患者肺动脉收缩压(PASP)及PAH的发生率,两种检查方法的血流动力学参数的相关性;将患者分为PAH组(30 mmHg)、正常组(≤30 mmHg),比较两组患者的临床症状及预后等。结果随着APE危险程度的增加,PASP、PAH发生率依次升高(P0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,超声心动图所得血流动力学参数mRAP、mPAP、PASP与右心导管呈显著正相关(P0.05);PAH组临床症状(咯血、下肢浮肿)、D-D水平、心电图异常的发生率显著高于正常组(P0.05)。结论超声心动图测量PAH可作为APE患者病情危险分层及预后评估的重要指标,尤其适用于疑似或待确诊APE患者的确诊、疗效评估及随访。     

凝血纤溶指标及动脉血气在AECOPD合并肺动脉高压中的相关性研究

目的通过观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并肺动脉高压(PH)患者凝血纤溶指标、动脉血气情况,旨在探讨凝血功能及动脉血气变化在AECOPD合并肺动脉高压诊治中的临床意义及其相关性。方法入选248例AECOPD患者,超声心动图测得肺动脉收缩压(PASP)值,根据PASP分为四组:肺动脉压力正常组(≤30 mm Hg)80例、轻度PH组(31~50 mm Hg)61例、中度PH组(51~70 mm Hg)57例和重度PH组(≥71 mm Hg)50例,对所有入选患者进行凝血纤溶指标和动脉血气分析检测。结果 AECOPD合并重度PH组D-二聚体(D-Dimer)、血小板计数(PLT)均高于中度PH组、轻度PH组、肺动脉压力正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);中度PH组D-Dimer、PLT均高于轻度PH组、肺动脉压力正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);而D-Dimer、PLT在轻度PH组与肺动脉压力正常组两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。重度PH组和中度PH组纤维蛋白原(FIB)和动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)均高于轻度PH组和肺动脉压力正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);而FIB和Pa CO2在重度PH组与中度PH组两组间、轻度PH组与肺动脉压力正常组两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。重度PH组和中度PH组动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)均低于轻度PH组和肺动脉压力正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);而Pa O2在重度PH组与中度PH组两组间、轻度PH组与肺动脉压力正常组两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。四组间部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)水平与总体均数比较,差异均无显著性(P0.05)。D-Dimer、FIB、PLT与Pa CO2均呈正相关;D-Dimer、FIB、PLT与Pa O2均呈负相关;APTT、PT、TT与Pa CO2、Pa O2无相关性。D-Dimer、Pa CO2与SPAP均呈正相关;Pa O2与SPAP均呈负相关。结论对AECOPD患者尤其AECOPD合并肺动脉高压患者监测FIB、D-Dimer、PLT、Pa CO2、Pa O2的变化具有重要价值。     

肺动脉高压治疗进展

肺动脉高压是一种预后较差的疾病。随着检测水平的提高 ,肺动脉高压特别是继发性肺动脉高压的发生率有增高的趋势 ,也受到了心血管病专家的应有的重视。近一段时间来 ,在肺动脉高压的诊断、治疗等的研究中取得了长足的进步。本文对肺动脉高压的诊断、治疗措施、原发性和各种继发性肺动脉高压的治疗原则等方面的进展作一综述。1　肺动脉高压的诊断肺循环是一个高流量、低压力的系统。正常肺动脉收缩压约为 2 2 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0 .1333k Pa) ,舒张压约为 10 mm Hg,肺动脉平均压约为 14mm Hg。当静息时肺动脉平均压 >2 5mm Hg或运动时肺动脉平…     

肺血栓栓塞症患者高敏C反应蛋白水平与肺动脉压相关性的研究

目的探讨急、慢性肺血栓栓塞症患者血清高敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP）的差异及其与肺动脉压之间的相关性。方法选择肺血栓栓塞症患者102例,其中急性44例,慢性58例。所有患者均经多普勒超声心动图检查,将两组患者各自分为肺动脉压正常组与高压组,采用颗粒增强免疫透射比浊法检测hs-CRP水平。结果急性组hs-CRP（24.0±13.4 mg/L）明显高于慢性组（5.2±4.6 mg/L）（P〈0.01）。急性患者中肺动脉压正常组与高压组hs-CRP无明显差异（P=0.338）。慢性患者肺动脉压正常组hs-CRP（3.3±3.0）明显低于高压组（9.5±4.7 mg/L）（P〈0.05）。慢性肺血栓栓塞症肺动脉高压组患者hs-CRP水平和肺动脉压呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论急性肺血栓栓塞症患者血清hs-CRP水平明显升高,慢性肺血栓栓塞症肺动脉高压组患者血清hs-CRP水平和肺动脉压显著相关。血清hs-CRP水平可用于PTE的危险分层及判断预后。     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压治疗现状

正慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)是以反复性、未溶解肺动脉栓子和/或进行性肺动脉血栓形成,以及肺动脉重塑导致肺血管阻力增高,肺动脉压力进行性增高的致命性疾病。以上改变可使患者发生呼吸困难、右心衰竭,最终导致死亡。其诊断条件需满足以下2点:1肺栓塞患者需充分抗凝至少3个月;2肺动脉平均压≥25 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa)、肺毛细血管压力≤15 mm Hg。其发病机     

CT肺动脉栓塞指数与危险分层的相关性分析

目的:探讨急性肺栓塞患者CT肺动脉栓塞指数与危险分层的相关性。方法:纳入72例连续收治的急性肺栓塞患者,均经CT肺动脉造影确诊。按指南对患者进行危险分层并计算CT肺动脉栓塞指数,用Spearman法计算CT肺动脉栓塞指数与急性肺栓塞危险分层的相关系数,用受试者工作特征曲线评估CT肺动脉栓塞指数对每个危险分层的预测效能。结果:在72例急性肺栓塞患者中,低危组32例、中危组31例、高危组9例,三组CT肺动脉栓塞指数分别为(26.2±16.4)%、(52.9±10.6)%和(85.6±5.4)%,CT肺动脉栓塞指数与急性肺栓塞危险分层的相关系数为0.881(P<0.01)。肺栓塞指数对危险分层中的高危组预测效能最高,敏感性为66.7%,特异性为90.5%,曲线下面积达0.929(P<0.01)。结论:急性肺栓塞患者CT肺动脉栓塞指数与危险分层呈显著正相关。     

安立生坦在先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压中的治疗效果

目的:评估安立生坦在先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压中的治疗效果。方法:我们选取2013年2月~12月70例先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压的患者。随机分为试药组(n=35)和对照组(n=35)。试药组给予安立生坦+常规治疗,对照组仅给予常规治疗。12周后患者门诊随访,评估心功能状况、行心脏彩超评估肺动脉压力,并化验检测肝肾功能指标。结果:试药组[(38±5)mm Hg vs.(50±6)mm Hg,P0.05]和对照组[(41±6)mm Hg vs.(47±7)mm Hg,P0.05]患者术后12周肺动脉压力较术后第3天均明显降低,尽管如此,试药组肺动脉压力降低幅度明显大于对照组[(12±4)mm Hg vs.(6±3)mm Hg,P0.05]。试药组患者中30例(86%)心功能明显改善,对照组中25例(71%)心功能明显改善,两者有显著差异(P0.05)。试药组患者未见肝功能损害及贫血病例。结论:先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压的患者使用安立生坦能够安全有效地降低肺动脉压力,改善心功能。     

慢阻肺患者的心率变异性临床分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患者的心率变异性(HRV)与其相关临床特征的关系。方法将56例慢阻肺病患者按FEV_1/预计值%、CAT评分、年急性加重次数、肺动脉压及综合评分进行分组;比较各亚组患者SDNN值差异,并分析SDNN值与各项临床资料的关系。结果 CAT评分10分、FEV_1/预计值%≥50%及肺动脉压40mm Hg者心率变异性指标SDNN值分别显著高于CAT≥10分、FEV_1/预计值%50%及肺动脉压≥40mm Hg者;综合评估后D组患者的心率变异性明显下降(P0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,慢阻肺疾病患者心率变异性指标SDNN与患者CAT分值、年急性加重次数、分组、肺动脉压、颈椎病均相关;通过多元线性回归分析显示慢阻肺患者的肺动脉压力、颈椎病病史、年急性加重次数是SDNN的独立预测因素。结论慢阻肺病患者心率变异性异常下降与患者病情严重程度相一致,与肺动脉压、急性加重次数相关;可用于其病情严重程度及预后的评估。     

Chronic solitary pulmonary nodule due to unsuspected pulmonary infarction from silent pulmonary embolism

Abstract A case of pulmonary embolism showing a longstanding solitary pulmonary nodule is presented. An asymptomatic 57 year-old man with a solitary nodule in the right lower lobe was referred to our hospital. A pulmonary perfusion-ventilation scan following a sudden onset of dyspnoea established the diagnosis of recurrent pulmonary embolism. The nodule gradually disappeared after anticoagulant treatment, indicating that the nodule was pulmonary infarction from silent pulmonary embolism. Although the incidence of pulmonary infarction is low in Japan, this case suggests that pulmonary infarction from silent pulmonary embolism should be considered as one important cause of a solitary pulmonary nodule.     

肺癌患者肺叶切除术后肺功能的变化

目的观察肺癌患者行单侧肺叶切除术的术前、术后肺功能及血气指标变化。方法测定63例行单侧肺叶切除术的肺癌患者术前、术后3个月的肺功能及血气指标。结果术后早期肺功能各项指标均有下降（P〈0．05）。术后3个月FEV1及DLCO较术前有所改善,与术前相比,P〈0．05。结论单侧肺叶切除术对肺癌患者肺功能无显著影响,其气道阻塞程度及弥散功能术后有所改善。     

肺结核合并肺念珠菌病12例临床分析

目的 探讨减少肺结核合并肺念珠菌病的发生和误诊?方法 以肺结核病情好转或稳定中, 出现新的症状, X 线片显示新病灶或原病灶扩大, 痰真菌培养连续三次生长同种真菌且抗真菌治疗后病情改善, 痰真菌培养无原真菌生长为标准?12 例病人被确诊合并肺念珠菌病并作回顾性分析?结果 本组病人肺结核病灶范围较广泛, 空洞多, 痰菌阳性率高, 多有高热?血白细胞和中性粒细胞数较高, 及广谱抗生素和糖皮质激素使用史, 多误诊?结论 本病易误诊, 临床应予重视, 规则使用广谱抗生素和激素可减少它的发生?     

A rare cause of pulmonary hypertension: Idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis obstructing right pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins

Fibrosing mediastinitis is caused by a proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum with encasement of mediastinal viscera and compression of mediastinal bronchovascular structures. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may occur as a severe complication of the disease. Herein, we report a patient diagnosed with fibrosing mediastinitis and pulmonary hypertension, whose imaging tests showed obstruction of right pulmonary artery and veins.     

The pulmonary circulation and its systemic arterial supply in pulmonary atresia

The pulmonary circulation and its systemic arterial supply in cases of pulmonary atresia were studied angiocardiographically. In 69% of the cases the pulmonary arteries were hypoplastic and supplied by a patent ductus arteriosus or a few large systemic arteries. A classification into four groups is suggested, and a developmental paradox represented by this classification is discussed.     

肺结核住院患者的营养状况与肺功能的相关性分析

目的探讨肺结核住院患者的营养状况对肺功能的影响，为加强营养治疗提供参考依据。方法随机选择2005年7—9月在我院住院的确诊肺结核患者95例，分别接受了身体质量指数（BMI）和白蛋白（ALB）等营养指标调查和肺功能评估。按BMI值分为A组（BMI≤18．5）和B组（BMI〉18．5），按ALB值分为I组（ALB≤35）和Ⅱ组（ALB〉35），分别比较两组肺功能指标的差异。并将BMI、ALB与各项肺功能指标做相关分析。结果按BMI和ALB判断的营养不良的发生率。BMI与FVC％、FEVI％呈显著正相关，（r=0．303，0．321，P〈0．01），ALB与FVC％、MMF％、MVV％等呈显著正相关，（r=0．271，0．269，0．251，P值分别〈0．01、0．01、0．05）。结论肺结核住院患者的营养状况与肺功能关系密切，营养不良可影响肺的通气功能，提高营养水平将有助于改善患者呼吸功能指标。     

The pulmonary venous wedge pressure in pulmonary arterial hypertension

The comparability of the main pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and the pulmonary venous wedge pressure (PVWP) was assessed during cardiac catheterization in 89 patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and increased pulmonary blood flow. Preliminary evaluation revealed a wide disparity between the 2 determinations. Fifty-five pull-back pressure recordings from branch-to-main pulmonary artery were analyzed. Twenty-four percent (13/55) had systolic pressure gradients >20 mm Hg. between branch and main pulmonary artery. When PVWP and only ipsilateral branch PAP were compared (n=48), diastolic and mean (m), but not systolic PVWP, correlated closely with branch PAP (r=0.77, r=0.73 and r=0.59, respectively). In 46 of 48 patients the PVWP_m was not significantly greater than the ipsilateral PAP. Twenty-nine of 30 patients with PVWP_m <30 mm Hg. had an ipsilateral PAP_m <40 mm Hg. In 15 patients with PVWP_m between 30 and 39 mm Hg, there was a wide range (30–59 mm Hg) of PAP_m. Three patients with PVWP_m >40 mm Hg. had severe PAH. It is concluded that: 1) hemodynamically significant branch-to-main PAP gradients are present in some patients with PAH and may result in erroneously high pulmonary arteriolar vascular resistance when calculated from main PAP; 2) properly performed PVWP determination can define the lower limit of mean pressure in the ipsilateral branch pulmonary artery; 3) a PVWP_m <30 mm Hg. usually indicates an ipsilateral PAP_m <40 mm Hg; 4) a PVWP_m >30 mm Hg. is compatible with either moderate or severe PAH; 5) correlation of PVWP with PAP is not related to pulmonary blood flow.     

Evaluation of pulmonary blood supply by multiplanar cine magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pulmonary atresia and severe pulmonary stenosis

The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of multiplanar cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating pre- and post-operative pulmonary circulation in patients with pulmonary atresia and severe pulmonary stenosis. Seventy-three multiplanar cine MRIs were performed in 30 patients, aged 1 month to 7 years (mean age, 27 months). The morphology and size of the central pulmonary arteries (PA), source of the major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA), patency of Blalock–Taussig (BT) shunt vessels, and the post-operative pulmonary circulation were assessed. The accuracy of cine MRI was compared with that of angiography in all patients. The PA was visualized to the first hilar branch in 21 patients, but not in 8 patients in whom the central PA was absent. On follow-up MRI, PA growth was measured, and the results showed excellent correlation with the results obtained by angiography. In 17 patients who had undergone 23 BT shunt operations, cine MRI correctly demonstrated all patient shunts and 5 of 6 stenotic lesions. Multiplanar cine MRI provided excellent detail of the peripheral PA in all patients, 7 of 8 peripheral pulmonary stenoses, 3 of 4 nonconfluent pulmonary arteries, and 2 of 3 PA obstructions. Although the sources of MAPCA were identified in 7 of 9 patients, the distal connection of the MAPCA was not detected in all patients. Seven patients were reexamined after pulmonary plasty; they exhibited normal pulmonary flow patterns. Multiplanar cine MRI provides high-resolution imaging of PA with dynamic visualization of flow and is an effective noninvasive technique for evaluating pre- and post-operative patients with pulmonary atresia and severe pulmonary stenosis.