化学危险品仓库的安全防火探讨

化学危险物品仓库是指一些专门用于存储易燃易爆化学品的区域,常见的化学危险物品有化学试剂、化学农药等,这些物品存放到仓库中容易发生爆炸、火灾,此时就要落实化学危险物品仓库的防火技术,这样才能提高化学危险物品仓库使用过程中的安全性.文章主要探讨化学危险物品仓库中防火技术的应用.     

Hazardous Waste Facility Siting A Role for Planners

Hazardous wastes present a critical environmental challenge for the United States in the 1980s. Part of the challenge involves cleaning up or containing abandoned and uncontrolled waste disposal sites. The larger part of the challenge is to properly manage the hazardous wastes that are keyed to the productivity of the national economy. This article briefly overviews what the wastes are and how much exists; what their potential is for adverse human health effects and environmental degradation; federal legislation designed to regulate hazardous wastes; and the nature of public opposition toward siting new facilities. This summary precedes a more in-depth discussion of research designed to assess land use suitability for siting new hazardous waste facilities based on water supply, and other physical and cultural siting criteria. Results indicate that initially suitable sites do exist for siting new facilities. Planners can play an important role by identifying suitable sites through their knowledge of land use, environment regulation, and with the aid of the screening process reported here.     

Underground disposal of hazardous waste in Israel – Design principles and conceptual approach

The careless or unprofessional handling of hazardous wastes in many places around the world led to severe damage of nature, concurrent with considerable long-term health risks to human beings. This motivated several countries to develop new secure and sustainable waste management strategies in order to enhance the future quality of nature and life. The process of world globalization and the coalescence of its markets increased the importance of formulation and implementation of accepted environmental standards. The rising environmental and ecological awareness in Israel puts the contemporary and common waste handling practices under close scrutiny. An intensive exchange of experiences with other countries is called for, so that the responsible authorities can formulate improved and sustainable waste management strategies, which are specifically tailored to the particular environmental, demographic, economic and political conditions of Israel.The German environmental protection and waste legislation demands an underground disposal of highly contaminated wastes, in order to guarantee that harmful substances are excluded durably from the biosphere. In view of its size and the political situation in Israel, this way of waste disposal seems to be an appropriate waste management strategy aimed at minimising the environmental risks, and the harmful effect of hostile actions against deposits of hazardous wastes. The German waste management policies and practices, which are based on many years of experience, are reviewed first as a guideline for safe long-term underground disposal of hazardous wastes in Israel. Using these guidelines, potentially suitable locations in Israel are selected with special reference to their geohydrological, geological and geomechanical conditions, and then they were evaluated using environmental criteria derived from German standards of waste disposal. The results of this preliminary environmental evaluation, and some relevant geomechanical designs, are presented and discussed. Finally, economic aspects, and further steps, which are needed to safeguard future implementation of the underground disposal system, are considered.     

危险废物固化体存储设施的抗震性能分析

危险废物由于自身的危害性,对存储设施有着严苛的要求.为了研究危险废物固化体存储设施的抗震性能,本文利用ABAQUS软件建立危险废物固化体存储设施有限元模型,并分析其在地震作用下的结构强度.模型分为单管模型和整体模型,单管模型由单个存储管和多个危险废物固化体组成,整体模型由48根存储管、支撑架、立柱和脚柱组成.对于单管模...     

Natural and technologic hazardous material releases during and after natural disasters: a review

Natural disasters may be powerful and prominent mechanisms of direct and indirect hazardous material (hazmat) releases. Hazardous materials that are released as the result of a technologic malfunction precipitated by a natural event are referred to as natural-technologic or na-tech events. Na-tech events pose unique environmental and human hazards. Disaster-associated hazardous material releases are of concern, given increases in population density and accelerating industrial development in areas subject to natural disasters. These trends increase the probability of catastrophic future disasters and the potential for mass human exposure to hazardous materials released during disasters. This systematic review summarizes direct and indirect disaster-associated releases, as well as environmental contamination and adverse human health effects that have resulted from natural disaster-related hazmat incidents. Thorough examination of historic disaster-related hazmat releases can be used to identify future threats and improve mitigation and prevention efforts.     

EPA policies to protect the health of consumers of drinking water in the United States

In the United States our objective is to protect drinking water at the source,during treatment and during distribution. In 1975 interim regulations for bacteria and turbidity, 10 inorganic chemicals, 6 organic chemicals end radionuclides were promulgated. In 1979 National Seccndary Regulations for substances affecting the aesthetic quality of water were promulgated. In 1979 trihalomethanes were added, The United States is engaged in comprehensive revisions of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.The areas of our most significant concern include detection and control of contamination of ground waters by organic chemicals resulting from improper waste disposal practices, a reassessment of microbiological regulations and toxicity of disinfectant by-products and a major effort to deal with corrosion-related contamination of drinking water during distribution. We are evaluating the issue of a granular activated carbon requirement for contaminated surface waters. A program to assure the quality of direct and indirect additives to drinking water has also been initiated. Part of this activity will include determination of the contaminants and by-products associated with the use of various water treatment chemicals and pipe materials.     

Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials

Presently in India, about 960 million tonnes of solid waste is being generated annually as by-products during industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes. Of this ∼350 million tonnes are organic wastes from agricultural sources; ∼290 million tonnes are inorganic waste of industrial and mining sectors and ∼4.5 million tonnes are hazardous in nature. Advances in solid waste management resulted in alternative construction materials as a substitute to traditional materials like bricks, blocks, tiles, aggregates, ceramics, cement, lime, soil, timber and paint. To safeguard the environment, efforts are being made for recycling different wastes and utilise them in value added applications. In this paper, present status on generation and utilization of both non-hazardous and hazardous solid wastes in India, their recycling potentials and environmental implication are reported and discussed in details.     

Community Planning for Small-Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators

Only recently has the small-quantity generator of hazardous waste come under federal or state regulation. The wastes produced by these generators, however, pose serious threats to health and environmental resources in almost every community. Local planners should and can design preventive strategies to deal with management of these wastes. Such strategies should include problem assessment, education programs, technical assistance to generators, and revision of local land use policy to prohibit improper disposal practices. This article presents new information useful to planners in assessing the problem in their communities, and it suggests elements of a planning approach to control the small-quantity hazardous waste stream.     

Environment hazard mitigation of waste gypsum and chalk: Use in construction materials

The rapid urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the production of various types of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes which pose serious problems to the environment. The disposal and use of solid industrial wastes like phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum, fly ash, slag, and lime sludge, is significant in view of their availability and potential applications. The paper deals with studies on select wastes like phosphogypsum and chalk for use in value-added building materials. The engineering properties and techno-economics of materials like gypsum plasters, cementitious binders, boards/blocks, masonry cement and flooring tiles produced from phosphogypsum and lime have been detailed. The production and use of building materials from such wastes will protect the environment from degradation.     

环境岩土工程研究综述

地下水土环境污染评估、控制及修复已成为我国环保领域的重大需求。利用岩土工程的手段来解决水土环境污染问题是最为经济、最符合国情的途径之一,也是环境岩土工程工作者的优势所在。结合我国水土环境污染控制方面重大需求及现阶段我国迫需解决的环境岩土工程问题来阐述环境岩土工程研究及工程实践进展,主要包括城市固体废弃物可持续填埋处置,废弃泥的工程特性、工程处置及资源化利用,土体和地下水污染评价与防治和土工合成材料在环境岩土工程中应用。     

Groundwater Pollution and the Disposal of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes

T he demand for 'R olls -R oyce' solutions to the disposal of hazardous and radioactive wastes has seen a continuing move towards more sophisticated disposal concepts. If a disposal site for radioactive wastes meets the strict requirements laid down by Government departments it is difficult to see why there should be any impact to groundwater of concern to the water industry. Hazardous wastes are a much more significant problem, and the large size of many landfills, other pressures on groundwater quality and current EC directives are all contributing to a move away from the use of 'dilute and disperse' sites. It is argued that the long-term performance of containment sites needs to be carefully evaluated over timescales of 2-3 decades, as over such periods a correctly-managed policy of 'dilute and disperse' may result in less of an overall impact to the environment than a policy of 'concentrate and contain'.     

我国沿海危化品运输事故分析及危险源辨识

为了探究沿海地区危险化学品道路运输事故特征,辨识相关风险因子,以2016-2020年我国沿海地区发生的362起危险化学品运输事故为例,从事故发生的时间分布、省份分布、危险化学品类别及形态、事故类型、事故原因等多方面进行统计分析.结果表明:近5年来,我国危险化学品运输事故逐年减少.每年的5月、9月、12月,每天的清晨是事...     

生命周期评价（LCA）与固废资源化

针对固体废弃物特点和近年来固体废弃物处理情况及废弃物资源化趋势,介绍了生命周期评价（LCA）的概念及特征,具体阐述了LCA的内容及框架,探讨了将LCA应用于固废资源化决策的合理性和可行性,以促进其在环保领域的推广应用。     

Disposal of water treatment wastes containing arsenic — A review

Solid waste management in developing countries is often unsustainable, relying on uncontrolled disposal in waste dumps. Particular problems arise from the disposal of treatment residues generated by removing arsenic (As) from drinking water because As can be highly mobile and has the potential to leach back to ground and surface waters. This paper reviews the disposal of water treatment wastes containing As, with a particular emphasis on stabilisation/solidification (S/S) technologies which are currently used to treat industrial wastes containing As. These have been assessed for their appropriateness for treating As containing water treatment wastes. Portland cement/lime mixes are expected (at least in part) to be appropriate for wastes from sorptive filters, but may not be appropriate for precipitative sludges, because ferric flocs often used to sorb As can retard cement hydration. Brine resulting from the regeneration of activated alumina filters is likely to accelerate cement hydration. Portland cement can immobilise soluble arsenites and has been successfully used to stabilise As-rich sludges and it may also be suitable for treating sludges generated from precipitative removal units. Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) and the formation of calcium-arsenic compounds are important immobilisation mechanisms for As in cements. Geopolymers are alternative binder systems that are effective for treating wastes rich in alumina and metal hydroxides and may have potential for As wastes generated using activated alumina. The long-term stability of cemented, arsenic-bearing wastes is however uncertain, as like many cements, they are susceptible to carbonation effects which may result in the subsequent re-release of As.     

Development of sustainable construction material using industrial and agricultural solid waste: A review of waste-create bricks

Accumulation of unmanaged industrial or agricultural solid waste especially in developing countries has resulted in an increased environmental concern. Recycling of such wastes as a sustainable construction material appears to be viable solution not only to pollution problem but also an economical option to design of green buildings. In view of utilization of industrial and agricultural waste material for developing sustainable construction material, the present paper reviews various waste materials in different compositions that were added to the raw material at different levels to develop waste-create bricks (WCB). Various physico-mechanical and thermal properties of the bricks incorporating different waste materials are reviewed and recommendations are suggested as the outcome of the study. The reviewed approach for the design and development of WCB using industrial solid waste is useful to provide a potential sustainable solution.     

磨细锂渣粉对新拌混凝土性能的影响

锂渣是新疆大量排放的固体工业废弃物,作为活性掺合料应用于混凝土中,一方面可减少其排放和堆存量,有利于改善环境;另一方面,锂渣粉也能有效改善和提高混凝土的性能.通过研究不同比表面积的磨细锂渣粉对混凝土新拌性能的影响.从凝结时间、坍落度保持、常压泌水率和压力泌水率的试验结果综合,比表面为597 m2/kg的磨细锂渣粉取代混...     

The effects of a hazardous and a domestic waste landfill on the trace organic quality of chalk groundwater at a site in East Anglia

As part of a research project to assess the effects of landfill leachates on groundwater quality thirteen boreholes within, around and down groundwater gradient from two adjacent domestic and hazardous wastes sites were sampled for trace organic quality.Results so far show that significant inorganic and gross organic (TOC) groundwater contamination does not occur more than a few metres from the landfill boundaries. Trace organic analyses indicate that the mineral oils, phenolic wastes and chlorinated solvents, known to have been tipped into the hazardous waste landfill, have now reached the water table, although only at low concentrations.     

Solid Waste Problems and their Handling in the Netherlands

The Netherlands, in common with most other countries, has a problem in disposing of solid wastes in an environmentally acceptable way. The paper reviews the historical situation, looks at the present-day position, and explains the proposals for waste disposal in the Netherlands up to the year 2000 and beyond.     

固体废弃物在蒸压加气混凝土中的利用与研究进展

大宗工业固体废物的量在逐年增加,占用环境资源,由于处理不当给社会生产带来了严重的环境问题。相关研究表明,大部分固体废物的成分中含有大量的SiO2和Al2O3等有效成分,可作为硅质材料投入蒸压加气混凝土生产使用。综述搜集了各种固体废物在蒸压加气混凝土中的应用研究,并对各种固体废物进行分类,分析固体废物应用于蒸压加气混凝土生产的可行性,并提出了当下存在的问题以及未来的方向。     

液体危化品远程无人化侦检装备研发

针对液体危化品泄漏导致的火灾爆炸事故中快速初步无人化侦检需求,利用手持激光拉曼光谱仪OEM内芯,采集了我国37种重点监管液体危化品的拉曼谱图,经过数据处理,建立了包含我国重点监管液体危化品的拉曼光谱数据库,并在此之上自主研发了消防机器人挂载的滚动式液体危化品侦检球,通过机械臂抛投至石化爆燃等现场,可实现泄漏液体危化品的无人化自动采样、识别及数据回传,为液体危化品泄漏火灾或燃爆事故态势的感知研判提供技术和装备支撑,同时保证了消防员的人身安全。