310奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀的透射电镜原位观察

用自制的恒位移加载台，在透射电镜中原位观察310奥氏体不锈钢在纯水中局部溶解前后裂尖位错组态的变化以及微裂纹的形核和扩展。结果表明，310奥氏体不锈钢在室温纯水中局部阳极溶解能促进位错发射，增殖和运动，在低应力下，纳米级微裂纹在无位错区中连续或不连续形核，由于介质的作用，纳米级微裂纹并不钝化成空洞或缺口，而是解理扩展。     

310奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀的透射电镜原位观察

用自制的恒位移加载台，在透射电镜中原位观察３１０奥氏体不锈钢在纯水中局部溶解前后裂尖位错组态的变化以及微裂纹的形核和扩展。结果表明，３１０奥氏体在室温纯水中局部阳极溶解促进位错发射，增殖和运动，在低应力下，纳米级微裂纹在无位错区中连续或不连续形核，由于介质的作用，纳米级微裂纹并不钝化成空洞或缺口，而是理解扩展。     

纯Ni中氢致开裂的透射电镜原位观察

纯Ni在透射电镜（TEM）中原位拉伸时,裂纹尖端首先发射大量位错,平衡时形成无位错区,微裂纹在裂纹顶端连续形核或在无位错区中不连续形核,并且形核后将钝化成孔洞或缺口。利用特殊的恒位移加载台,可在TEM中原位研究充氢前后恒位移试样裂尖位错组态的变化。结果表明,氢能促进位错的发射、增殖和运动。和未充氢纯Ni相比,充氢试样在更低的外应力下位错就会发射和运动,当氢促进的位错发射和运动到临界条件时就会使氢致裂纹形核、扩展,导致低应力脆断。     

不锈钢微裂纹形核扩展的TEM原位观察

３１０奥氏体不锈钢在透射电镜中的原位拉伸观察表明，如在裂尖发射位错后保持恒位移，则在裂尖能形成无位错区，这个弹性的ＤＦＺ不均匀减薄，其应力集中可等于原子键合力，从而导致纳米微裂纹在ＤＦＺ中形核，并很快钝化成空洞，如果裂尖发射位错后继续拉伸，则上述基本过程被掩盖，仅看到交滑移使裂尖区减薄，从而导致微米给空洞或裂纹的形核和连接。如稍稍卸载，则可观察到裂尖前反塞积位错群的逆返现象。     

重轨钢中氢促进位错发射、运动以及氢致裂纹形核

用自制的恒位移试样在TEM中原位研究了充氢前后位错组态的变化以及氢致微裂纹形核和位错运动及无位错区（DFZ）的关系．结果表明,氢能促进位错发射、增殖和运动．当氢促进的位错发射和运动达到临界条件时,氢致裂纹就在DFZ中或原缺口顶端形核．这个过程和空气中原位拉伸相类似,但氢的存在使得在较低的外应力下氢致裂纹就能形核．     

重轧钢中氢促进位错发射,运动以及氢致裂纹形核

用自制的恒位移试样在ＴＥＭ中原位研究了充氢前后位错组态的变化以及氢致微裂纹形核和位错运动及无位错区（ＤＦＺ）的关系。结果表明,氢能促进位错发射、增殖和运动。当氢促进的痊错发射和运动达到临界条件时,氢致裂纹就在ＤＦＺ中或原缺口顶端形核。这个过程和空气中原位拉伸相类似,但氢的存在使得在较低的外应力下氢致裂纹就能形核。     

阳极溶解促进α—Ti位错发射,运动导致SCC微裂纹形核

用激光云纹干涉法原位测量了应力腐蚀（ＳＣＣ）前后缺口前端位移场的变化并进行ＴＥＭ原位观察，结果表明。阳极溶解能使块状试样缺口前端塑性区及其变形量增大。当 溶解促进的局部塑性变形发展到临界条件，就会导致ＳＣＣ微裂纹在无位错区中形核。α－Ｔｉ在甲醇溶液中表面钝化膜形成和保持过程中会在内界面产生较大的拉应力，它能协助外应力促进局部塑性变开有绕进而促进ＳＣＣ裂纹形核。     

H68黄铜断裂过程的透射电镜原位观察

采用透射电镜动态拉伸、原位观察研究了低层错能合金H68黄铜断裂的微观过程。结果发现：黄铜薄膜试样拉伸时，裂尖首先发射位错，平衡时形成无位错区和反塞积位错群；裂尖前方较厚区域可以发生孪生变形，形成形变孪晶，微裂纹在孪晶中形核、扩展，导致裂纹呈Z字形扩展；裂尖无位错区也可能形成微孪晶，微裂纹在微孪晶中形核，使裂纹呈不连续扩展；微裂纹也可以从主裂纹顶端连续形核、扩展。     

氢致脆断的TEM原位拉伸观察

通过对预充氢３１０不锈钢薄膜在透射电镜下的原位拉伸观察，并和不含氢试样的结果相比较，研究了氢在韧－脆转变中的作用及氢致脆断机理，结果表明，预充氢的３１０不锈钢试样在拉伸过程中从裂发射大量位错，平衡后形成无位错区；纳米级微裂纹优在ＤＦＺ中形核，微裂纹不钝化为空洞，而是通过多个微裂纹的形核及相互连接导致裂纹的脆性扩展，即氢使奥氏体不锈钢由韧变脆的根本原因是氢抑制了ＤＦＺ中纳米级微裂纹向空洞的转化。     

IN SITU TEM STUDY OF DISLOCATION EMISSION AND MICROCRACK NUCLEATION FOR α-Ti AFTER ADSORBING Hg

用自制的恒位移加载台,在ＴＥＭ中原位观察了α－Ｔｉ在Ｈｇ蒸汽中放置前后加载裂纹前端位错组态的变化以及脆性微裂纹的形核和扩展。并和α－Ｔｉ在ＴＥＭ中原位伸的结果进行了比较。结果表明：加载裂纹吸附Ｈｇ原子后能促进位错的发射,增殖和运动;当吸附促进位错发射和运动达到临界状态时,脆性微裂纹就在原裂纹顶端或在无位错区中形核并解理扩展。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.