以高度磺化的β－环糊精为手性选择剂的利伐斯狄明对映体毛细管电泳分离

利用高度磺化的β－环糊精为毛细管电泳手性选择剂，成功地分离了碱性药物利伐斯狄明，并且测定了其非消旋体样品的光学纯度。一般情况下碱性药物的分离是在酸性条件下进行的（pH＝2.5），目的是为了减小分析物在毛细管内壁的吸附。然而，对于利伐斯狄明，在pH 2.5时检测灵敏度较低，且不足以检测样品中低于1％的光学杂质；但实验发现提高缓冲液的pH值可以提高其检测灵敏度；而且，由于分析物在毛细管壁吸附造成的柱效降低可以通过线性聚丙烯酰胺动态涂层来抑制。本实验考察了环糊精的浓度，缓冲液的pH值和离子强度对分离度的影响，同时通过测定重现性，线性范围，最低检测限和最低检测量对方法进行了验证。最后在最佳条件下测定了非对映异构体样品的光学纯度。     

喷射式流动注射电化学发光免疫检测禽流感H9亚型

利用磁分离和生物素亲和素技术,形成亲和素化磁微球-生物素化抗体-抗原-钌标抗体的免疫夹心复合物,初步建立了体外免疫诊断试剂的制备方法,并利用喷射式流动注射电化学发光体系对制备出的禽流感病毒H9免疫复合物进行检测。实验选择最适的包被抗体,检测抗体和封闭剂,优化Ru标抗体的最佳稀释度。在生物素化的兔抗H9多抗作为亲和素化的磁微球的结合抗体,鼠抗H9单抗作为Ru(bpy)32+标记抗体,2%BSA作为封闭剂,1:50倍稀释的Ru-鼠抗H9单抗条件下,非特异性吸附最低。测定不同浓度的H9抗原,发现抗原浓度在3.125～100μg/mL范围内与电化学发光强度呈较好的线性关系。实验还测定了不同亚型的禽流感病毒、不同来源的毒株和鸡的棉拭子样品。     

吡虫啉单克隆抗体的制备及其间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析方法的建立

以吡虫啉原药和3-巯基丙酸为原料,合成了吡虫啉半抗原,通过活泼酯法将其与载体蛋白钥孔血蓝蛋白（KLH）、牛血清白蛋白（BSA）偶联制备得到完全抗原,经免疫Balb/c雌性小鼠并与骨髓瘤细胞融合获得吡虫啉单克隆抗体,建立了用于吡虫啉检测的间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析方法（ic-CLEIA）。优化了方法的包被原稀释倍数、抗体稀释倍数、缓冲液种类、缓冲液的pH值、一抗竞争反应时间、酶标二抗稀释倍数等条件,最适条件为：包被原质量浓度62.50 ng/mL（稀释16 000倍）,抗体质量浓度103.12 ng/mL（稀释64 000倍）,缓冲液PBS（pH 7.4）,抗原与抗体竞争反应时间30 min,酶标二抗稀释倍数1∶7 000。结果表明,在最适条件下该方法的检出限（IC10）为0.03 ng/mL,IC50为0.57 ng/mL,线性检测范围（IC20 ~ IC80）为0.083 ~ 3.99 ng/mL。与氯噻啉的交叉反应率为2.2%,与噻虫胺、呋虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪5种吡虫啉结构类似物无明显交叉反应。对黄瓜和苹果样品的加标回收率为82.0% ~ 112%,相对标准偏差小于15%。实际样品检测结果与HPLC仪器方法相关性良好（r2 = 0.989）。结果表明,所建立的ic-CLEIA方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高的特点,可用于食品中吡虫啉残留的快速检测。     

谷胱甘肽修饰的金纳米粒子探针比色法检测神经元素3

采用柠檬酸钠还原法合成了粒径为13 nm的金纳米粒子,并在其表面修饰上谷胱甘肽(GSHAuNPs)。在一定的盐浓度范围内,谷胱甘肽能保护金纳米粒子免受盐诱导的聚集。当神经元素3(Neurogenin3,ngn3)多肽片段存在时,在一定的盐浓度下,ngn3片段能够诱导GSH-AuNPs发生聚集,使金纳米粒子溶液由红色变成蓝色。以谷胱甘肽修饰的金纳米粒子为探针,建立了快速检测ngn3片段的比色方法。通过优化得到的最适实验条件为:ngn3与GSH-AuNPs的平衡反应时间10 min,缓冲液pH=6.0,NaCl浓度100 mmol/L。在优化条件下,检测ngn3的线性范围为20~300μg/L,检出限(LOD)为8μg/L。结果表明,本方法具有良好的选择性,可用于实际样品的检测。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测水产品中河豚毒素的研究

该文将特异性识别河豚毒素的单克隆抗体加以胶体金标记用作示踪物,建立了豚毒素的胶体金免疫层析技术快速检测方法。优化了胶体金体系的pH值、抗原抗体浓度、离子浓度、表面活性剂种类以及样品前处理方法。结果显示：在最优条件下,建立的胶体金免疫层析法对河豚毒素的定量检出限为0.5 ng/mL,线性范围为0.8～10.6 ng/mL,定性检出限（裸眼判别）为12.0 ng/mL。河豚、织纹螺等样品的加标回收率为70.5%～110%,相对标准偏差为3.7%～7.1%,检测结果与LC-MS/MS法一致。所建立的胶体金免疫层析技术在现场快速检测方面具有良好的可行性和实用性,可用于大量样品的快速筛查和河豚毒素中毒后的快速诊断。     

快速检测巯基化合物的新方法

本文利用巯基化合物对异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)的荧光猝灭作用,建立了一种快速检测巯基化合物的新方法。实验中发现,巯基化合物能够猝灭FITC的荧光,据此发展了检测巯基化合物的新方法。本方法的用时非常短,在优化了pH、反应时间等条件后能在5min之内完成对巯基化合物的检测。在最佳条件下对实际样品的测试取得了很好的效果,且具有良好的选择性。对谷胱甘肽(GSH)、高半胱氨酸(Hcy)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)的检测限分别达到3.08、2.66、1.28和1.92μmol/L。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定牛奶中氯霉素的残留量

建立了对牛奶中氯霉素的残留量进行检测的高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法。氯霉素还原后在温和条件下与荧光胺发生衍生化反应,采用十八烷基键合硅胶固定相,以乙腈/四氢呋喃/0.02 mol/L醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液(pH 6.0)(体积比为16∶8∶76)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,荧光检测激发波长为410 nm,发射波长为508 nm。在上述实验条件下,氯霉素检测的线性范围为0.4~800 μg/L (r2=0.9999),检出限为0.2　μg/L。当空白样品中氯霉素添加水平为2~40 μg/L时,该方法的回收率为66.6%~92.8%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~9.4%。该方法适用于牛奶中氯霉素痕量残留的监测,具有干扰小、选择性好、灵敏度高等优点。     

毛细管区带电泳法分离白花丹参中主要的水溶性活性成分

为建立一种快速分离白花丹参水溶性有效成分的毛细管区带电泳体系,分别考察了缓冲液浓度、缓冲液pH、运行电压、检测波长对样品的分离度、迁移时间等因素的影响。最终优化的分离条件为:5 mmol/L硼砂缓冲液（pH 7.5）;毛细管柱75 μm×60.2 cm,有效长度50 cm,压力进样(3.45 kPa×4 s),27.5 kV恒压分离,210 nm波长下检测,柱温25 ℃。在优化的条件下,8 min内使白花丹参样品中的原儿茶醛、丹参素、原儿茶酸组分达到完全基线分离。     

紫杉醇微悬臂梁免疫传感器方法的研究

以巯基化的紫杉醇单抗修饰微梁镀金表面,制备了高灵敏的紫杉醇微悬臂梁免疫传感器.利用酶联免疫吸附测定方法对巯基化前后紫杉醇单抗的活性变化,以及巯基化单抗在微梁上的修饰进行检测与验证.采用紫杉醇微悬臂梁免疫传感器对不同浓度的紫杉醇溶液进行检测.结果表明:虽然巯基化后紫杉醇单抗的活性降低了18.6%,但巯基化紫杉醇单抗可以修...     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定6种氟喹诺酮类药物

建立了一种反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定血浆中6种氟喹诺酮类药物(FQS)的方法。考察了6种FQS的保留值与流动相组成及pH值的关系, 优化了色谱条件及样品前处理方法。确定了以Chira Dex为色谱柱、乙腈-甲醇-Britton-Robinson缓冲液(体积比为73∶7∶20, pH 5.7)为流动相的最佳条件。该法用于血浆样品中FQS的测定,其回收率高于99.0%。该法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

Phospho‐l‐tyrosine‐agarose chromatography: Adsorption of human IgG and its proteolytic fragments

The behavior of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and antigen‐binding fragment (Fab fragment) adsorption onto phospho‐l ‐tyrosine immobilized on agarose (P‐Tyr‐agarose) was evaluated by pseudoaffinity chromatography. The effects of buffer systems MES, MOPS, Bis–Tris, Tris–HCl and sodium phosphate (NaP) and pH on IgG adsorption were studied and high purity values were obtained (96%, based on ELISA analysis of albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins A, G and M) when IgG was purified from human plasma diluted in 10 mmol L^?1 NaP buffer at pH 6.0. The capture of IgG by the P‐Tyr‐agarose was also promising, since 91% of the IgG was adsorbed when plasma was diluted in 25 mmol L^?1 MES buffer at pH 5.5, recommending its use for IgG depletion from human plasma under this condition. The experimental data on IgG adsorption kinetics were in agreement with the pseudo‐second‐order model. The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir–Freundlich model with the value of parameter n being <1 (0.72), indicating negative cooperativity. Selectivity was achieved on P‐Tyr‐agarose from digested human IgG in HEPES 25 mmol L^?1 buffer at pH 7.0 where Fab fragments were obtained in eluted fractions without Fc fragments (but with uncleaved IgG) with 86.2% recovery.     

伊瑞霉素键合手性毛细管整体柱的制备与对映体分离

以具有22个不同种类手性中心的新型大环抗生素伊瑞霉素为手性选择器,基于环氧基团高反应活性的特征,将伊瑞霉素用一步法键合到甲基丙烯酸酯整体柱表面制备伊瑞霉素键合手性毛细管整体柱。通过对制备条件进行优化,证实该制备方法可在较宽的pH范围(6.0～9.0)内进行,方法简单易行,反应条件温和。应用制备的手性毛细管整体柱在毛细管电色谱模式下,对5种手性氨基酸对映体和手性药物罗格列酮对映体进行拆分,均得到了基线分离,说明伊瑞霉素手性固定相具有较强的手性拆分能力。在优化的色谱条件下,6种对映体的分析时间均小于4 min,分析速度快。通过对有机调节剂、缓冲液pH值和缓冲盐浓度等分离条件进行系统考察,初步探讨了该手性毛细管整体柱对不同溶质的手性识别机理。     

离子交换色谱法分离纯化鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白

建立了高效、经济、大规模获得鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY)的生产方法。在对传统的水稀释法改良的基础上,结合聚乙二醇沉淀与离子交换色谱进行IgY的分离纯化。结果显示,用8倍无菌水稀释蛋黄液,用0.1 mol/L HCl调节pH为5.2,在4 ℃下静置8 h,于5000×g力离心可得上清粗IgY液,经测定回收率可达93.47%。然后用6%聚乙二醇沉淀后经DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M离子交换纯化,最佳的纯化条件: 0.05 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, pH 7)平衡上样,0.075 mol/L PBS(pH 7)洗脱。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析结果显示所得的IgY的纯度为95.02%,活性保持率高达73.77%。本研究弥补了传统分离方法不能同时达到高纯度和高回收率的缺点,且可用于大规模生产。     

Study of the separation of mouse monoclonal antibodies by pseudobioaffinity chromatography using matrix-linked histidine and histamine.

The selective retention of proteins on matrix-linked histidine has been shown to depend on chromatographic conditions: pH, temperature and ionic strength. An extension of this study to separate mouse monoclonal antibodies on histidyl-Sepharose is presented here; the roles of different functional groups such as imidazole, primary amine and carboxyl groups are elucidated by using histamine-Sepharose and histidine linked via the carboxyl group of the alpha-amino acid. We separated two monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) from a culture supernatant and IgG2b from ascites fluid precipitated with 50% ammonium sulphate. The pseudoselective retention of monoclonal IgG1 on the three different matrices and IgG2b on histidyl-aminohexyl-Sepharose was achieved at pH 7.4. The purity of the final monoclonal antibody preparation determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions proved the separation of the monoclonal antibodies (IgG1, IgG2b) from other contaminating proteins such as albumin and transferrin. Quantitation of the mouse monoclonal antibodies was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.     

Chromatographic methods for large-scale preparation of immunoglobulin G2a monoclonal antibodies Lym-1 and TNT-1 F(ab')2 fragments

Lym-1 and TNT-1 are two murine immunoglobulin G2a monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which have been used for clinical trials in cancer patients. This paper describes methods for large-scale preparation of F(ab')2 fragments from 50 mg to 4 g of MAbs Lym-1 and TNT-1. Digestion of MAbs with pepsin was optimized and performed at pH 3.8, a pepsin/antibody ratio of 1:250, and 3-4 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. The F(ab')2 fragments were purified by tandem column procedures using fast protein liquid chromatography. Quality control analyses of the products included protein purity, isoelectric point, immunoreactivity, and endotoxin level. The results revealed that the chromatographic procedures are practical, simple, and effective, and can be used to produce gram quantities of clinical-grade F(ab')2 fragments for the diagnosis of cancer in patients.     

Development and Use of Antibodies in Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Immunosensors for Environmental Monitoring

The interaction between antibody and antigen is characterised by relatively high affinity and specificity, making this type of reaction a prime candidate for use as an analytical tool. The interaction may be combined with biosensors in the production of immunosensors for environmental monitoring. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have had a significant impact in analytical detection systems over the past few decades with antibody fragments becoming important in recent years. Production of antibodies to small haptens requires the initial conjugation of hapten to a larger carrier molecule. Once hapten-carrier conjugates have been produced, polyclonal, monoclonal and various antibody fragments may be produced by differing protocols. A critical step in the production of antibody fragments is the development of efficient screening procedures to identify suitable antibody-producing clones and this has been reviewed in this article. Various antibody types may then be used in the generation of immunosensors for the monitoring of environmental pollutants. The selection of the appropriate sensor technology applicable for the determination of an antibody-antigen interaction is of prime importance for immunosensor development. One example of such an application is surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors, as they provide real-time analysis of interactions between the antibody and antigen of interest.     

毛细管电泳技术在单克隆抗体药物分析中的应用

单克隆抗体药物在生物制药行业占有重要地位,是生物医药领域发展的主要方向。因此,单克隆抗体药物的质量控制已成为全球生物制药企业及法规机构关注的热点,对单克隆抗体药物精确表征的需求日益增加。毛细管电泳技术具有分离效率高、分析速度快、分离模式多、样品用量少等特点,已成为单克隆抗体药物分析和质量控制的重要手段。该文对毛细管凝胶电泳、毛细管等电聚焦、毛细管区带电泳等模式在单克隆抗体药物的纯度分析、等电点测定、电荷异质性分析和N-寡糖分析的应用进行综述,以期为国内单克隆抗体研究开发和生产的企事业单位提供技术参考。     

小分子阿特拉津和罂粟碱检测的免疫芯片技术研究

采用蛋白芯片竞争法对小分子半抗原的污染物进行检测。在获得特异性抗体的前提下,首先将阿特拉津半抗原进行了衍生化,然后将该衍生物和氨基罂粟碱分别与载体蛋白质卵清蛋白(OVA)进行偶联。实验证明新合成的完全抗原能够与其相应抗体发生特异性的结合。实验还对蛋白芯片检测阿特拉津进行了条件优化,其抗体固定化时间为2h,用卵清蛋白为封闭液的封闭时间为1h,样品稀释液pH值为8．0。并对阿特拉津及罂粟碱进行了定性、定量实验,结果表明：荧光信号强度随待测物浓度的降低而增强,有一定的线性趋势,阿特拉津检出限为0．001mg/L,罂粟碱检出限为0．01mg/L。     

Mass measurement and top-down HPLC/MS analysis of intact monoclonal antibodies on a hybrid linear quadrupole ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer

Mass and top-down analyses of 150-kDa monoclonal immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) antibodies were performed on an Orbitrap analyzer. Three different sample delivery methods were tested including (1) infusion of an off-line desalted IgG sample using nano-electrospray; (2) on-line desalting followed by a step elution with a high percentage of organic solvent; and (3) reversed-phase HPLC separation and on-line mass and top-down analyses of disulfide isoforms of an IgG2 antibody. The accuracy of mass measurements of intact antibody was within ±2 Da (15 ppm). The glycoforms of intact IgG antibodies separated by 162 Da were baseline resolved. In-source fragmentation of the intact antibodies produced mainly 115 residue fragments including N-terminal variable domains of heavy and light chains. The sequence coverage (the number of cleavages) was greatly increased after reduction of disulfide bonds and HPLC/MS/MS analysis of light and heavy chains using collision-induced dissociation in the ion trap of the LTQ-Orbitrap. This is an attractive alternative to peptide mapping for characterization and monitoring of post-translational modifications attributed to minimal sample preparation, high speed of the mass/top-down analysis, and relatively minor method-induced sample modifications.     

Strategies for locating disulfide bonds in a monoclonal antibody via mass spectrometry

The location of the disulfide bonds in a recombinant monoclonal antibody was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS). A non-reduced Endoproteinase Lys-C (Endo Lys-C) digest of the antibody was analyzed directly by MALDI-TOFMS. The sample was then reduced on-plate by depositing dithiothreitol (DTT) on the sample spot and re-analyzed by MALDI-TOFMS. The disulfide bonds were assigned based on the disappearance of certain mass ions in the non-reduced digest and the appearance of product ions in the reduced digest. A rapid LC/ESI-MS protocol was also developed to determine the location of the disulfide bonds. The peptides generated from the Endo Lys-C digest of the antibody were partially separated on a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column by utilizing a steep gradient and analyzed by ESI-MS. The masses of the partially resolved peptides were determined by deconvoluting the mass spectra.