Effects of La2O3 on microstructure and wear properties of laser clad γ/Cr7C3/TiC composite coatings on TiAl intermatallic alloy

The effects of La₂O₃ addition on the microstructure and wear properties of laser clad γ/Cr₇C₃/TiC composite coatings on γ-TiAl intermetallic alloy substrates with NiCr–Cr₃C₂ precursor mixed powders have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and block-on-ring wear tests. The responding wear mechanisms are discussed in detail. The results are compared with that for composite coating without La₂O₃. The comparison indicates that no evident new crystallographic phases are formed except a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of the primary hard Cr₇C₃ and TiC carbides and the γ/Cr₇C₃ eutectics distributed in the tough γ nickel solid solution matrix. Good finishing coatings can be achieved under a proper amount of La₂O₃-addition and a suitable laser processing parameters. The additions of rare-earth oxide La₂O₃ can refine and purify the microstructure of coatings, relatively decrease the volume fraction of primary blocky Cr₇C₃ to Cr₇C₃/γ eutectics, reduce the dilution of clad material from base alloy and increase the microhardness of the coatings. When the addition of La₂O₃ is approximately 4 wt.%, the laser clad composite coating possesses the highest hardness and toughness. The composite coating with 4 wt.%La₂O₃ addition can result the best enhancement of wear resistance of about 30%. However, too less or excessive addition amount of La₂O₃ have no better influence on wear resistance of the composite coating.     

Rare-earth La2O3 modification of laser-clad coatings

The effect of rare-earth La2O3 on laser-clad coatings has been studied. For this purpose, nickel-based alloy powders with different contents of La2O3 were laser-clad on to a steel substrate. The clad coatings were examined and tested for microstructural features, microhardness, inclusions and phase composition. The results are compared with those for coatings without La2O3. The comparison indicates that additions of La2O3 refine the microstructure of the clad, and the coating increases its microhardness. Moreover, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the clad coatings are also enhanced.     

稀土La_2O_3对以ADC12为基体刷镀Ni镀层组织性能影响的研究

以ADC12铸铝为基体材料、碱铜溶液打底并分别以快速镀镍溶液及快速镍溶液+8g/L La2O3作工作层进行电刷镀。采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、显微硬度计、自动划痕仪、恒定电位仪、磨损试验机等分析手段,对两种镀层的微观组织、成分及硬度、镀层与基体的结合力、耐腐蚀性、摩擦磨损等性能对比得出添加稀土La2O3获得的镀层组织性能优于未添加稀土La2O3的镀层性能。     

Acoustic investigations on PbO-Al2O3-B2O3 glasses doped with certain rare earth ions

Elastic moduli (Y, η), Poisson’s ratio (σ), microhardness (H) and some thermodynamical parameters such as Debye temperature (θ_D), diffusion constant (D _i),latent heat of melting (ΔH _m) etc of PbO-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ glasses doped with rare earth ions viz. Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺, are studied as functions of temperatures (in the temperature range 30–200°C) by ultrasonic techniques. All these parameters are found to increase with increasing atomic numberZ of the rare earth ions and found to decrease with increasing temperature of measurement. From these results (together with IR spectra of these glasses), an attempt is made to throw some light on the mechanical strength of these glasses.     

La3+、Nd3+稀土离子掺杂对电路基板用锂铝硅微晶玻璃性能的影响

通过烧结法制备La3+和Nd3+掺杂的锂铝硅微晶玻璃,结合DSC、密度、热膨胀、SEM等检测技术研究了热处理和稀土离子掺杂对LAS微晶玻璃力学和电学性能的影响。结果表明:在640℃核化保温30min、940℃晶化保温2.5h可得到晶粒细小、力学强度和介电性能优良(ε=5.1～7.0,tanδ<0.005,10MHz),的微晶玻璃。同时稀土离子的加入产生的钉扎作用可以细化晶粒,进一步优化提高微晶玻璃的力学性能。     

Cathodoluminescence of rare earth implanted Ga2O3 and GeO2 nanostructures

Rare earth (RE) doped gallium oxide and germanium oxide micro- and nanostructures, mostly nanowires, have been obtained and their morphological and optical properties have been characterized. Undoped oxide micro- and nanostructures were grown by a thermal evaporation method and were subsequently doped with gadolinium or europium ions by ion implantation. No significant changes in the morphologies of the nanostructures were observed after ion implantation and thermal annealing. The luminescence emission properties have been studied with cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both β-Ga(2)O(3) and GeO(2) structures implanted with Eu show the characteristic red luminescence peak centered at around 610 nm, due to the (5)D(0)-(7)F(2) Eu(3+) intraionic transition. Sharpening of the luminescence peaks after thermal annealing is observed in Eu implanted β-Ga(2)O(3), which is assigned to the lattice recovery. Gd(3+) as-implanted samples do not show rare earth related luminescence. After annealing, optical activation of Gd(3+) is obtained in both matrices and a sharp ultraviolet peak centered at around 315 nm, associated with the Gd(3+) (6)P(7/2)-(8)S(7/2) intraionic transition, is observed. The influence of the Gd ion implantation and the annealing temperature on the gallium oxide broad intrinsic defect band has been analyzed.     

Transport properties of rare earth doped La2−xSrxCuO4

We present measurements of the resistivity, the thermopower, and the thermal conductivity of rare earth (RE) doped La_2–xSr_xCuO₄. Pronounced anomalies occur at the low temperature structural phase transition showing that the electronic properties as well as the lattice dynamics depend strongly on small structural changes. Our results indicate that a suppressed phonon heat transport is a characteristic feature of La₂CuO₄ based superconductors. A possible relationship to the presence of stripe correlations of holes and spins in doped La₂CuO₄ is discussed.This work was supported by the DFG through SFB 341. We thank W. Brenig and A.P. Kampf for many stimulating discussions.     

Dielectric properties of LiF-B2O3 glasses doped with certain rare earth ions

Dielectric constantɛ, loss tanδ and a.c. conductivityσ of LiF-B₂O₃: Ln³⁺ (where Ln=Ce, Pr, Nd and Tb) glasses are studied as functions of frequency (in the range 10²–10⁶ Hz) and temperature (range 30–200°C). The dielectric breakdown strength of these glasses was also determined at room temperature in an air medium. The rate of increase ofɛ and tanδ with temperature decreases with decrease in the ionic radius of RE³⁺ ion whereas the dielectric breakdown strength, the activation energy for a.c. conduction in the high temperature region decreases with increase in the ionic radius of RE³⁺ ion. An attempt has been made to explain the a.c. conduction in these glasses on the basis of quantum mechanical tunnelling (QMT) model.     

La2O3-doped BaTiO3 thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract

La²O³-doped barium titanate (BaTiO³) thin films have been obtained by pulsed laser deposition. The structure and quality of deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A smooth surface was obtained when the films were deposited in 30 Pa ambient oxygen. The composition (elements and oxides) of the thin films were close to those of the target. The layer obtained by pulsed laser deposition from a target of BaTiO³ doped with 0.5 at.% La exhibits good dielectric characteristics: capacitance 88 pF, Curie temperature 59°C and dielectrics loss, tanδ, 0.084.     

氧化铟-稀土氧化物共掺CeO2基导电电解质材料的制备与表征

设计了以氧化铟与稀土氧化物（La2O3或Nd2O3）为共同掺杂元素的新型掺杂技术，并利用以聚乙烯醇为聚合剂的化学合成方法制备了CeO2基氧离子导电电解质材料。X射线衍射分析表明，本实验采用的湿化学合成方法容易获得具有纳米结构的高纯氟化钙型结构的CeO2基导电材料．材料导电性的交流阻抗测试分析说明，适当比例的氧化铟与稀土氧化物共掺能有效提高CeO2的导电性；其导电性比相同合成方法制备的Sm2O3掺杂CeO2的导电性更好。利用有效离子半径和相关结合焓理论分析了不同掺杂氧化物对CeO2基材料离子导电性影响。     

A stabilization mechanism of M2O3 c-type rare earth tetragonal stabilized ZrO2 via co-decomposition

Evidence was obtained that c-type rare earth M₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ in the tetragonal phase via oxygen coordination between the M₂O₃ molecule and the ZrO₂ unit cell. The ratio for 100% stabilization was calculated to be 2.7 mol% M₂O₃ stabilizer. This was experimentally proved by using the co-decomposition process to obtain 100% tetragonal stabilization efficiency. It has also been established that stabilization is dependant upon the average Zr-O bond length of 226 pm as a parameter and not necessarily of an exact radius varying between 206 pm and 246 pm.     

Role of rare earth oxide coatings on oxidation resistance of chromia-forming alloys

Rare earths (RE) have been used to increase high temperature oxidation resistance of chromia and alumina forming alloys. The RE can be added as elements (or oxides) to the alloys or applied as oxide coatings to the alloy surface. This paper presents the effect of different RE oxide coatings and lanthanum chromite coatings on the high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe20Cr and Fe20Cr4Al alloys. The oxidation resistance of the Fe20Cr alloy increased with increase in ionic radius of the RE element in the coating. The RE oxides decreased chromia growth rate more than alumina growth rate. In extended cyclic oxidation tests that were carried out from peak temperatures of 900 °C, 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C to room temperature at cooling rates of 300 °C/s and 1,000 °C/s, the La₂O₃ coating increased cyclic oxidation resistance of the Fe20Cr alloy significantly more than the Pr₂O₃ coating. The role of RE in increasing overall oxidation resistance of chromia forming alloys is discussed.     

掺杂稀土元素镧的钡铁氧体超微粉末的微波吸收特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂稀土元素镧的钡铁氧体超微粉末,就镧元素的掺杂含量对钡铁氧体吸波性能的影响进行了对比研究.实验表明,用聚乙二醇凝胶法制备的BaLaxFe12-xO19超微粉末,当x为0.03时,对微波吸收效果最佳.在涂层厚度1.0mm,测试频段为7.5～11.9GHz内,吸收量均在25dB以上,在11.6GHz处,吸收峰值达41.4dB.     

Sliding wear behaviors of electrodeposited nickel composite coatings containing micrometer and nanometer La2O3 particles

Micrometer and nanometer La₂O₃ particles were codeposited with nickel by electroplating from a nickel sulfamate bath. The wear behaviors of the composite coatings were evaluated sliding against AISI 1045 steel under non-lubricated conditions. It was found that the incorporation of the La₂O₃ particles enhances the microhardness and wear resistance of Ni coatings. The wear resistance of the Ni composite coating containing nano-sized La₂O₃ particles is higher than that of the Ni composite coating containing micro-sized La₂O₃ particles. The codeposition of the smaller nanometer La₂O₃ particles with Ni effectively reduces the size of Ni crystals and significantly increases the hardness of the composite coatings, resulting in significantly improved wear resistance of the nano-sized La₂O₃/Ni composite coating.     

Analytical transmission electron microscopy of La2O3-doped Y2O3

Analytical electron microscopy has been used to study the precipitation reactions in sintered samples of 9 mol% La₂O₃-Y₂O₃ samples upquenched from the single phase cubic region into the cubic and hexagonal phase field. Samples annealed just inside the two-phase cubic-cubic and hexagonal solvus exhibited predominantly grain boundary precipitation. Small La₂O₃ rich second phases formed within the first ten minutes and developed into strained, facetted precipitates after 300 min. Intergranular and intragranular precipitation occurred in samples annealed further into the two-phase field. Strained, lathlike La₂O₃-rich monoclinic precipitates, exhibiting a preferrred orientation in the matrix, appeared as the dominant morphology for long times at temperature. Chemical microanalyses of the strained structures obtained in samples annealed for 300 min revealed La₂O₃ matrix concentrations in agreement with phase diagram predictions. However, the La₂O₃ concentrations in the second-phase precipitates were found to be far in excess of the cubic and hexagonal-hexagonal solvus. This discrepancy is believed to arise from a re-equilibration of the second phase in the cubic and monoclinic phase field during quenching.