定向进化细胞色素P450BM-3的研究

以来自于巨大芽孢杆菌的细胞色素P450BM-3为研究对象,采用随机突变和饱和定点突变定向进化技术对P450BM-3进行改造,通过突变体催化靛蓝显色的特性采用活性琼脂平板分析和96微孔板相结合的高通量筛选成功获得了几个具有更高催化性能的突变体。     

细胞色素P450酶系循环催化的新途径

细胞色素P45 0酶系的循环催化反应需要电子供体NADPH或NADH等辅助因子系统 ,因此它在实际应用中受到制约。用电极电解或锌粉作电子供体取代NADPH辅助因子可以获得与NADPH相似的底物转换率。此外 ,还讨论了P45 0的“定向进化”产生的突变体在无NADPH等辅助因子存在下 ,通过“过氧化物途径”使底物羟基化。     

昆虫细胞色素P450的研究:P450基因的进化

80年代分子生物学方法被用于分离和鉴定特定P450的CDNA或基因组克隆［‘］,至今已知的P450基因包括70个基因家族、127个亚家族的40O多个,基因序列的数量还在迅速增加I’］。不同P450间的进化关系在一些综述中都有涉及［”’,‘］,本文介绍这一主题的一些主要观点,重点放在P450功能的进化及其机制。亚细胞色素P450的基本特征及其分类与命名所有细胞色素P450具有一非共价结合的血红素和环绕高度保守的半跳氨酸的一段26氨基残基的保守序列,这一半跳氨酸提供血红素铁的第5个配体（ligand）。当血红素铁接受电子被还原后再与CO结合产…     

昆虫细胞色素P450研究:P450基因

细胞色素P450广泛存在于生物界,它因参与许多外来物质和内源性物质的代谢而具有十分重要的作用［1－5］细胞色素P450的研究大约有50多年的历史[3]。60年代的工作主要是对这一血红素蛋白的生物化学和生物物理学特征的了解以及膜结合P450酶系的酶学功能[3]。70年代的研究集中在细胞色素P450酶系的分离纯化及其活性的重组。纯化P450的成功证明了许多P450在物理学和酶学特征方面的不同,也为制备抗体及利用抗体来确定某种P450的存在与数量以及抑制特定P450的酶活性提供了手段,使进一步阐明P450的反应机制成为可能。80年代分子生物学技术的…     

细胞色素P450的多样性

细胞色素Ｐ４５０的多样性＊邱星辉冷欣夫（中国科学院动物研究所,北京１０００８０）关键词细胞色素Ｐ４５０多样性细胞色素Ｐ４５０是一类以还原态与ＣＯ结合后在波长４５０ｎｍ处有吸收峰的含血红素的单链蛋白质［１～３］。它于１９５８年被发现以来,就引起了人们的...     

细胞色素P450与肿瘤

本文综棕了细胞色素Ｐ４５０同工酶与致癌物代谢、与抗癌药的相互作用以及化的关系,并对调控Ｐ４５０同工酶以防治肿瘤的策略进行了论述。由于Ｐ４５０同工酶具有多态性、工物特异性及可诱导性的特点,在调控Ｐ４５０同工酶以防治肿瘤的问题上,针对不同人群、不同疾病状况及不同用药方案可能需采取抑制或诱导的不同策略。     

棉铃虫细胞色素P450的分子生物学

棉铃虫 [Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ(ｚｅａ) ]属鳞翅目夜蛾科 ,是一种寄主范围广、危害严重的世界性农业害虫。由于长期以来主要依靠化学防治 ,棉铃虫已对拟除虫菊酯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯等多种类型的农药产生不同程度的抗性 ,给工农业生产带来巨大损失。对棉铃虫抗性机制研究发现 ,细胞色素Ｐ45 0酶系 (以下简称Ｐ45 0酶系 )代谢活性的增强是一个很重要的原因。作为Ｐ45 0酶系的重要组分 ,细胞色素Ｐ45 0 (简称Ｐ45 0 )是一类由基因超家族编码的同工酶。由于难以从昆虫体内分离出单一型Ｐ45 0 ,用传统的酶学和代谢方法很难对…     

细胞色素P450与癌症基因治疗

细胞色素Ｐ45 0基因与癌症化疗潜药(该类潜药可通过Ｐ45 0催化的加单氧酶反应而活化 )结合的癌症基因疗法引人注意[1]一些抗癌药物可被Ｐ45 0酶系代谢 (表1 )。环磷酰胺 (ＣＰＡ )、异环磷酰胺 (ｉｆｏｓ ｆａｍｉｄｅ)、甲基苄肼、甲苄肼 ( ｐｒｏｃａｒｂａｚｉｎｅ)和氮烯咪胺 (ｄａｃａｒｂａｚｉｎｅ) ,经特定Ｐ45 0酶系的代谢所产生的中间物具有抗癌活性。硫代ＴＥＰＡ、阿霉素、依托泊甙 (ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ)和三苯氧胺 (ｔａｍｏｘｉｆｅｎ)本身具有抗癌活性 ,但通过Ｐ45 0代谢形成的具有细胞毒性的代谢物 ,抗癌活性可得到加强。还…     

细胞色素P450：肿瘤研究中的新热点

细胞色素P450（CYP450）是体内重要的Ⅰ相代谢酶,与许多前致癌物和致癌物的活化有关。CYP450是目前肿瘤研究中新的热点之一。深入研究CYP450在肿瘤发生、发展过程中的作用机制及基因多态性与肿瘤易感性的关系,对肿瘤防治有积极作用。现就近年来CYP450在肿瘤领域的研究进展进行综述。     

细胞色素P450BM3催化正十六烷动力学计算

细胞色素P450 BM3作为烷烃羟基化酶,能催化正链烷烃,已被广发研究和应用.利用动力学模拟软件对BM3酶与烷烃底物复合物进行构象、酶的活性位点以及结合能的预测,并通过模拟水以及离子环境下对复合物的影响,从能量及构象位移的角度阐述BM3酶与底物结合的机理,从而用分子动力学观点来解释细胞色素P450催化烷烃机理.用Auto dock等软件将BM3与十六烷对接,发现底物C16与铁原子间距为7.57 ?,并发现与底物结合的活性位点关键残基:ALA 330,ALA 74,SER 72,GLN 73,ALA328,LEU 188,LEU 437.经Gromacs动力学模拟步长为1 ns,温度在298 K,压力为常压1.0,复合物结合稳定.     

基于易错PCR技术的短小芽孢杆菌YZ02脂肪酶基因BpL的定向进化

利用易错PCR技术对短小芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)YZ02脂肪酶基因BpL进行两轮定向进化研究, 分别获得最佳突变株BpL1-7和BpL2-1369, 其脂肪酶活力比出发酶分别提高了2倍和6倍。序列分析表明, 突变体BpL2-1369有4个碱基发生了突变: T61C/C147T/A334G/T371A, 其中有3个碱基突变导致了氨基酸的改变。通过SWISS-MODEL数据库模拟脂肪酶的结构显示, 3个突变氨基酸分别位于第1个a螺旋的第3个氨基酸、第4和第5个b折叠之间的转角以及第5个b折叠的第1个氨基酸位置。将野生型脂肪酶基因BpL和进化后的基因BpL2-1369的高效表达产物经Ni-Agarose柱和Sephadex-G75纯化后, 酶学性质测定表明: 突变脂肪酶的比活力比野生型脂肪酶提高了1.31倍, Km值由8.24 mmol/L降低至7.17 mmol/L; 在pH>8.0时的稳定性较野生型脂肪酶有所提高。     

基于易错PCR技术的短小芽孢杆菌YZ02脂肪酶基因BpL的定向进化

利用易错PCR技术对短小芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)YZ02脂肪酶基因BpL进行两轮定向进化研究, 分别获得最佳突变株BpL1-7和BpL2-1369, 其脂肪酶活力比出发酶分别提高了2倍和6倍。序列分析表明, 突变体BpL2-1369有4个碱基发生了突变: T61C/C147T/A334G/T371A, 其中有3个碱基突变导致了氨基酸的改变。通过SWISS-MODEL数据库模拟脂肪酶的结构显示, 3个突变氨基酸分别位于第1个a螺旋的第3个氨基酸、第4和第5个b折叠之间的转角以及第5个b折叠的第1个氨基酸位置。将野生型脂肪酶基因BpL和进化后的基因BpL2-1369的高效表达产物经Ni-Agarose柱和Sephadex-G75纯化后, 酶学性质测定表明: 突变脂肪酶的比活力比野生型脂肪酶提高了1.31倍, Km值由8.24 mmol/L降低至7.17 mmol/L; 在pH>8.0时的稳定性较野生型脂肪酶有所提高。     

Enhanced bioconversion of colchicine to regiospecific 3-demethylated colchicine (3-DMC) by whole cell immobilization of recombinant E. coli harboring P450 BM-3 gene

Biotransformation of colchicine into regiospecific 3-demethylated colchicine (3-DMC) which is pharmacologically active and a potent anti-cancer drug, mediated by immobilization of recombinant microbial monooxygenases is a novel and promising strategy for its production. In the present study, recombinant Escherichia coli expressing P450 BM-3 was immobilized in calcium-alginate beads and its ability to catalyze colchicine into 3-DMC was investigated. Characteristics of immobilized system showed that optimum conditions for activity of microbial cells were not affected due to immobilization. The optimum pH and temperature for both free and immobilized cells were found to be 7.5 and 37.5 °C, respectively. Experimental variables under consideration such as Ca²⁺ concentration, alginate concentration, P450 BM-3 enzyme activity and colchicine concentration were optimized using response surface methodology. The immobilized cells exhibited a markedly improved thermal stability as compared to free cells. The yield of 3-DMC with immobilized microbial cells was found to be an average of 69%, with 82, 73 and 52% across three independent batches in succession as against bioconversion by free cells, which indicated improved operational stability and reusability of immobilized cells in batch processes. Additionally, a packed bed reactor has been proposed for the immobilized biocatalytic system for bioconversion of colchicine and other biochemicals.     

乳糖诱导剂促进P450 BM-3在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达的研究

P450 BM-3是一种具有工业化应用潜力的单加氧酶,可催化饱和脂肪酸羟基化。为提高其在大肠杆菌宿主中的可溶性表达水平,采用乳糖作为诱导剂对P450 BM-3的诱导表达条件进行研究。结果发现：在大肠杆菌的OD600达到0.7~1.5时,添加2.0 g/L的乳糖、30℃诱导10 h可获得最佳诱导效果。与IP TG的诱导效果对比发现：采用乳糖作诱导剂时,菌体生物量提高1.09倍,目标蛋白量提升2.13倍,蛋白包涵体的比例则降低至10%。研究结果表明：乳糖可显著提升P450 BM-3在大肠杆菌中的重组表达水平,并且能够促进p450 BM-3的可溶性表达。     

Metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzo-<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-dioxins by cytochrome P450 BM-3 and its mutant

The metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium and a mutant enzyme of it (AL₄V; Ala74Gly, Phe87Val, Leu188Gln triple mutant) was examined. Both purified enzymes metabolized 1-monochloro-, 2,3-dichloro-, and 2,3,7-trichloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin, but not 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin. The mutant AL ₄V had 2–12 times higher activity than the wild-type P450 BM-3 towards polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. The products were hydroxylated at an unsubstituted position and/or showing migration of the chloride and were less toxic derivatives with lower than 10% toxicity of the original compounds.Revisions requested 26 August 2004; Revisions received 15 October 2004     

细胞色素P450 2B4的结构及其催化反应

细胞色素P450是广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中的含亚铁血红素单加氧酶,参与致癌作用和药物代谢、类固醇激素合成、脂溶性维生素代谢、多不饱和脂肪酸转换为生物活性分子等生理过程。P450能够催化完成伯、仲碳氢键羟基化、烯烃和芳烃环氧化、碳碳键耦合和断裂、α羟基化(去烷基化和杂原子氧化)、还原、1,2-迁移(卤素、氢和苯)等有机反应。本文综述了P450 2B4的结构与功能,讨论了细胞色素P450 2B4的活性中心和底物识别位点、与底物反应和产物释放的机理,以及P450在有机合成中的应用。     

Global incorporation of norleucine in place of methionine in cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain increases peroxygenase activity

In this study we have replaced all 13 methionine residues in the cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain (463 amino acids) with the isosteric methionine analog norleucine. This experiment has provided a means of testing the functional limits of globally incorporating into an enzyme an unnatural amino acid in place of its natural analog, and also an efficient way to test whether inactivation during peroxide-driven P450 catalysis involves methionine oxidation. Although there was no increase in the stability of the P450 under standard reaction conditions (in 10 mM hydrogen peroxide), complete substitution with norleucine resulted in nearly two-fold-increased peroxygenase activity. Thermostability was significantly reduced. The fact that the enzyme can tolerate such extensive amino acid replacement suggests that we can engineer enzymes with unique chemical properties via incorporation of unnatural amino acids while retaining or improving catalytic properties. This system also provides a platform for directing enzyme evolution using an extended set of protein building blocks.     

Directed Evolution of the Actinomycete Cytochrome P450 MoxA (CYP105) for Enhanced Activity

Actinomycete cytochrome P450 from Nonomuraea recticatena NBRC 14525 (P450moxA) catalyzes the hydroxylation of a broad range of substrates, including fatty acids, steroids, and various aromatic compounds. Hence, the enzyme is potentially useful in medicinal applications, but the activity is insufficient for practical use. Here we applied directed evolution to enhance the activity. A random mutagenesis library was screened using 7-ethoxycoumarin as a substrate to retrieve 17 variants showing >2-fold activities. Twenty-five amino acid substitutions were found in the variants, of which five mutations were identified to have the largest effects (Q87W, T115A, H132L, R191W, and G294D). These mutations additively increased the activity; the quintet mutant had 20-times the activity of the wildtype. These five single mutations also increased in activity toward structurally distinct substrates (diclofenac and naringenin). Based on the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, we discerned that mutations in the substrate recognition site improved the activity, which was substrate dependent; mutations apart from the active site improved the activity as well as the substrates did.