稳定剂对电解锰废渣中高浓度可溶性锰稳定效果的影响

为满足大宗废渣经济性处理的需要,从碱性物质、磷酸盐、碳酸盐类药剂筛选出“物美价廉”稳定剂,考察了CaO、MgO和Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2及其与NaHCO3和Na3PO4的组合对电解锰废渣中的可溶性锰的稳定化效果,并采用矿物组成分析、锰价态分析和形态变化探讨可溶性锰固定机理.结果表明:投加10%MgO锰渣中可溶性锰固定率达到100%,9%CaO+5%NaHCO3和9%CaO+5%Na3PO4的组合实现可溶性锰固定率95%以上.上述3组稳定剂将可溶性Mn2+先转变为沉淀态锰进一步转变为高价态含锰物相.后两组中NaHCO3或Na3PO4的加入促进了Mn2+向Mn3+、Mn4+的转化.     

赤泥对电解锰渣中可溶性锰离子固化效果研究

为了探讨赤泥固化电解锰渣中可溶性锰离子的固化效果和可行性,本文采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等分析手段,对比评估了新鲜赤泥、陈旧赤泥(堆放1年以上)、生石灰以及陈旧赤泥复合生石灰等固化剂在不同添加剂量下对电解锰渣中可溶性锰离子的固化效果,并初步阐释了赤泥固化电解锰渣中可溶性...     

喹啉降解菌Rhodococcus sp.QL2的分离鉴定及降解特性

从某焦化厂生物处理系统的活性污泥中驯化、分离出1株能以喹啉为唯一碳、氮、能源生长代谢的菌株QL2.经过对其形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA序列分析鉴定该菌株为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.).研究表明,菌株QL2利用喹啉生长的适宜温度为35～42℃,培养基初始pH为8～9,摇床转速为150 r/min.外加氮源能促进菌株的生长,其中无机氮比有机氮、铵态氮比硝态氮更利于细菌的生长.在喹啉初始浓度为60～680 mg/L范围内菌株QL2降解喹啉符合零级动力学方程.喹啉初始浓度为150 mg/L时在8 h内完全降解,TOC去除率14 h内可达到70%.降解过程中产生有颜色的物质,且杂环上的氮原子以氨氮的形式被释放.通过HPLC及GC/MS分析出喹啉降解过程中的主要中间产物为2-羟基喹啉.该菌底物利用范围广,能降解苯酚、萘、吡啶等多种芳香族化合物.     

Cd2+共存时镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.HJ01)降解对氯苯酚的特性与机制

为了解Cd2+对镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.HJ01)降解对氯苯酚(4-CP)的影响,研究了Cd2共存时,浓度、pH、碳源与氮源对镰刀菌降解4-CP特性的影响,并分析了其降解动力学与机理.结果表明,在降解温度、4-CP浓度等相同时,Cd2+共存对镰刀菌降解4-CP有一定的抑制作用.Cd2浓度小于3.O mg·L-1时,随着4-CP浓度的增大,镰刀菌对4-CP的降解速率变慢.镰刀菌降解4-CP的适宜pH为4.外加碳源蔗糖(3.Og·L-1)与外加NH4Cl(3.0 g·L-1)均使镰刀菌降解4-CP速度有所减缓.在Cd2+浓度0.1 ～3.0 mg·L-1时,镰刀菌降解4-CP符合零级动力学方程.Cd2+共存时只对4-CP的降解速率产生一定的抑制作用,而对其降解途径可能无显著影响.     

电解锰渣-赤泥-粉煤灰路面砖的力学性能及浸出毒性研究

针对大宗工业固废回收利用难的问题,实现多种固废减量化、无害化、资源化的目标,通过利用取自中国西南地区企业的石膏类、碱性及硅铝质三类典型大宗固废中的电解锰渣、赤泥、粉煤灰协同处理的无害化渣制备环保型透水混凝土路面砖(permeable concrete paving bricks,PCB),研究了水洗、掺渣量对所制备PCB的力学性能与浸出毒性的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对最佳性能PCB的物相组成与微观形貌结构进行分析.结果表明：(1)随着无害化渣与水洗无害化渣掺入量的提升,路面砖的劈裂抗拉强度、线性破坏荷载发生明显变化,总体呈下降趋势.当无害化渣掺入量为6%、水洗无害化渣掺入量为14%时,经28 d养护,所制备砖体的劈裂抗拉强度分别为4.09和3.46 MPa,达到了《透水路面砖和透水路面板》(GB/T 25993-2010)中规定的fts4.0与fts3.0等级.(2)路面砖的重金属与NH4+-N的浸出毒性均低于《水泥窑协同处置固体废物技术规范》(GB 30760-2014)的要求.路面砖的主要物相中方解石、石英与钙矾石是主要支撑性物质.研究显示,电解锰...     

黏土矿物复合材料固化电解锰渣中Mn的研究

该文对黏土矿物基础材料进行改性,并优选黏土矿物改性材料与腐殖酸钠、酚醛树脂进行复合,制备出黏土矿物复合材料,探究不同黏土矿物材料对电解锰渣中Mn的固化效果以及它们在水相中的Mn²⁺吸附特性。在黏土矿物材料添加量为10%时,高岭土、蒙脱石和伊利石对锰渣中Mn的固化效率最高仅为24.5%;对黏土矿物基础材料进行亚硫酸钠或硝酸改性后,固化效率可提高到38.1%;将黏土矿物改性材料与腐殖酸钠、酚醛树脂复合制备的材料施加到电解锰渣后,Mn固化效率最高可达67.1%,相比黏土矿物改性材料的固化效率有明显的提升。吸附实验表明,相比Freundlich吸附模型,黏土矿物复合材料对Mn²⁺的吸附特征与Langmuir吸附模型的特征更加匹配,且Mn²⁺饱和吸附量达到14.458 mg/g,明显优于腐殖酸类材料。     

金属离子诱导Aspergillus sp.WL-Au合成纳米金的特性

纳米金凭借其独特的光电特性、良好的稳定性及生物相容性被广泛应用于工业催化、污染控制及医学诊断等领域。近年来,微生物法合成纳米金具有绿色低毒、条件温和、成本低廉等优势而倍受关注。然而,如何对纳米金的形貌尺寸进行定向调控仍有待进一步探究。该研究选取Fe~(3+)、Zn~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Pb~(2+)及Sn~(2+)等多种金属离子,诱导曲霉菌(Aspergillus sp.) WL-Au合成纳米金,对其形貌进行定向调控。紫外-可见光谱分析结果表明,经Fe~(3+)、Sn~(2+)诱导的菌株合成的纳米金分散性较好,其余金属离子诱导菌株合成的纳米金单分散性较差、易沉聚。透射电子显微镜分析结果表明,大多数金属离子诱导菌株合成的纳米金为球形和伪球形,有少量的三角形;其中,经Fe~(3+)诱导后,菌株WL-Au胞外合成形貌均一、粒径较小的球形纳米金,而经Pb~(2+)诱导后,合成形貌均一的纳米棒。此外,Fe~(3+)诱导菌株合成的球形纳米金对4-硝基苯酚具有良好的催化还原性能,其催化速率常数k为13.3×10~(-3)s~(-1)。研究表明曲霉菌(Aspergillus sp.)WL-Au经Fe~(3+)诱导后可显著提高胞外合成纳米金的能力,且合成的纳米金具有形貌均一、分散性好、催化速率高的特点,在催化还原污染物方面具有较好的应用潜力。     

细菌Chryseobaterium sp.溶藻方式及其溶藻胶囊制备条件研究

为探究细菌Chryseobaterium sp.的溶藻能力及方式,通过扫描电镜观察细菌Chryseobaterium sp.对藻Anabaena flosaquae的作用效果,进一步通过分离菌体和菌上清液的方法探讨其溶藻的作用机制。结果表明:细菌Chryseobaterium sp.具有很强的溶藻能力,其主要通过分泌溶藻活性物质进行间接溶藻。胶囊制备的优化条件为:SA、CaCl_2、EC和柠檬酸质量分数分别为3%、3%、3%和2%,CaCO_3与SA的质量分数比为4/5,交联时间为30 min,溶藻物质质量分数为16%,该条件下所制胶囊缓慢释放溶藻物质,具有长效的溶藻能力。揭示了细菌Chryseobaterium sp.主要通过分泌溶藻活性物质进行间接溶藻,所制胶囊具有较强的溶藻能力,为细菌Chryseobaterium sp.溶藻机理和生物控藻技术的研究提供了理论依据。     

金属离子诱导Trichoderma sp.WL-Go合成纳米金特性研究

生物法合成纳米金是一种环境友好且经济高效的合成途径,受到广泛关注.普遍认为微生物合成纳米金是通过胞外分泌生物大分子而实现的一种自发脱毒过程.同时,相关研究表明低浓度的重金属离子对菌株胞外酶的活性会产生一定的影响,进而会对菌株合成纳米金的能力产生影响.基于此,本研究选择一株前期筛选得到的真菌Trichoderma sp. WL-Go,探究不同金属离子诱导菌株对其合成的纳米金特性的影响.结果表明,经Co~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Zn~(2+)、Sn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)等金属离子诱导后,菌株WL-Go合成纳米金的能力均有所提升,而Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Fe~(3+)与对照组相比,其合成的纳米金浓度及转化率都无明显变化.此外,Co~(2+)诱导菌株合成的纳米金呈现肉眼可见的团簇状,发生明显的团聚现象.本实验还考察了生物合成纳米金对4-硝基苯酚还原的催化特性,结果表明,Sn~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的诱导使菌株WL-Go合成的纳米金催化速率得到明显提升,而其他金属离子均有所抑制.最后选取革兰氏阳性菌Arthrobacter sp. W1和革兰氏阴性菌Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)验证了不同金属离子诱导后合成的纳米金均具有良好的生物相容性.综上,本研究为对于拓宽纳米金的工业化应用前景有着重要意义.     

溶藻菌Serratia sp.对蓝、绿藻的去除研究

水体富营养化对水环境造成严重影响,利用微生物去除富营养化水体中藻类的方法具有广阔前景。该研究以实验室分离出的一株溶藻菌Serratia sp.为研究对象,将其分别加入富营养化水体中常见的蓝藻(水华束丝藻)和绿藻(四尾栅藻)藻液中,通过监测共培养体系中藻细胞密度、叶绿素a浓度、p H、总氮、总磷的变化,探讨溶藻效果,并通过光谱技术分析溶藻产物。结果表明：溶藻菌Serratia sp.对两种藻都具有较好的溶藻效果,且溶藻菌Serratia sp.浓度越高,溶藻效果越好;添加原菌液的实验组蓝、绿藻的叶绿素a去除率分别为64.3%和85.1%,藻细胞密度分别下降71.4%和83.9%;藻液中总氮分别下降17.84 mg/L和10.82 mg/L,而总磷分别下降7.75 mg/L和5.68 mg/L,总氮去除效果更佳;初步推断溶藻产物中含有N-H、O=N-O-(-NO₂)、C-H、C-N、C-O、CH₂等键,结合三维荧光的扫描结果,推断为类色氨酸物质和类腐殖酸物质。     

Biosorption of Cu(II) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp. F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp. (named MBFF19) with respect to pH, incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ), and biosorbent dose was studied. Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent. The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8. Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.90 turned out that the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) on MBFF19 was in accordance with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo-first and second order models were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption, whereas the latter was found to be in harmony with the kinetic data better. Because of the outstanding uptake capacity of Cu(Ⅱ), MBFF19 produced by Bacillus sp. was proved to be an excellent biosorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

黄杆菌(Flavobacterium sp.)对溴氨酸脱色的研究

从受污土壤中筛选出对溴氨酸具有高效脱色能力的黄杆菌BX26．通过监测液体培养基中细胞浊度和溴氨酸吸光度的变化,考察了碳源浓度、溴氨酸浓度和以溴氨酸为唯一碳、氮、硫源时对菌体生长和溴氨酸脱色的影响．结果表明,BX26对溴氨酸的脱色在于酶的催化作用．该脱色酶属诱导性胞外酶．酶的诱导和产生需要液体培养基中有足量的氮源和硫源,但对碳源没有要求．溴氨酸对菌体的生长具有明显的促进作用,同时菌株也表现出很高的溴氨酸脱色活性,可使高达1000mg/L的溴氨酸降解脱色．菌体不能以溴氨酸为唯一碳、氮、硫源,但可以溴氨酸的脱色产物为唯一碳源．     

不同形态氮对洋河水库螺旋鱼腥藻和惠氏微囊藻生长的影响

利用室内培养试验比较研究了硝酸盐氮和氨氮对洋河水库螺旋鱼腥藻和惠氏微囊藻生长的影响. 结果表明:ρ(氨氮)和ρ(硝酸盐氮)均在0.05～10 mg/L内时,螺旋鱼腥藻的生长曲线无显著性差异,氨氮更有利于螺旋鱼腥藻的生长;在0.05～10 mg/L内,ρ(氨氮)和ρ(硝酸盐氮)的升高能明显促进惠氏微囊藻的生长,但高浓度的氨氮可能会抑制其生长. 当ρ(硝酸盐氮) 为0.05 mg/L时,螺旋鱼腥藻比生长速率(0.239 d-1)大于惠氏微囊藻(0.166 d-1); ρ(氨氮)为0.05和0.5 mg/L时,螺旋鱼腥藻的比生长速率分别为(0.266±0.012)和(0.303±0.005)d-1,大于惠氏微囊藻的比生长速率(0.096±0.004)和(0.272±0.008)d-1. 提示在ρ(氨氮)和ρ(硝酸盐氮)较低的培养条件下,螺旋鱼腥藻比生长速率更高,更易成为优势藻种. 洋河水库近2年优势种逐渐从螺旋鱼腥藻转变为惠氏微囊藻,可能是水体中ρ(氮)的变化所致.      

一株耐盐苯酚降解菌的分离、鉴定及耐盐机制研究

从污泥样品中分离得到1株高效的耐盐苯酚降解菌,该菌株能够在温度20～30 ℃、pH5.0～9.0和盐度1％ ～ 10％范围内以苯酚为唯一碳源进行生长.通过形态、生理生化特性分析及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株为Rhodococcus sp.,命名为W2.在温度30℃、pH =7.0、NaCl50g·L-1的条件下,菌株可耐受苯酚的最大浓度为700 mg·L-1.粗酶中检测到的邻苯二酚l,2-双加氧酶活性表明,菌株W2通过邻位开环断裂途径代谢苯酚.底物广谱性考察结果表明,菌株W2能够在高盐条件下利用苯甲酸、水杨酸等多种芳香化合物作为碳源生长.对耐盐机理进行的初步分析表明,细胞内甜菜碱和四氢嘧啶的含量随着盐浓度的增加而增大,说明四氢嘧啶和甜菜碱的积累是菌株W2抵抗高盐度的重要机制.     

假单胞菌磷代谢特性的研究

本文考察了处理效果良好的循序间歇式废水生物脱氮除磷试验装置内活性污泥优势菌——假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)的磷代谢特性。试验结果表明,在好氧条件下,以乙酸盐为基质培养时,向培养基内滴加H_2SO_4可导致假单胞菌产生磷释放现象,滴加NaOH或NaHCO_3时,则发生过量摄磷现象,且加NaOH较加NaHCO_3所引起的磷摄取量大。另外,当以乙酸盐为基质时,假单胞菌于好氧培养过程中能明显除磷,其效果与厌氧-好氧培养过程相近。     

Hydrolysis mechanism of carbendazim hydrolase from the strain Microbacterium sp. djl-6F

The carbendazim(MBC) hydrolyzing enzyme gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) from a newly isolated MBC-degrading bacterium strain Microbacterium sp. strain djl-6F. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)analysis revealed that purified MheI-6F protein catalyzes direct hydrolysis of MBC into2-aminobenzimidazole(2-AB) with a high turnover rate and moderate affinity(Kmof6.69 μmol/L and kcatof 160.88/min) without the need for any cofactors. The optimal catalytic condition of MheI-6F was identified as 45°C, pH 7.0. The enzymatic activity of MheI-6F was found to be diminished by metal ions, and strongly inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).Through generating amino acid mutations in MheI-6F, Cys16 and Cys222 were identified as the catalytic groups that are essential for the hydrolysis of MBC. This is the first report on the biodegradation of MBC at the enzymatice level.     

Enterobacter sp.CV-v对孔雀石绿的脱色特性及机理研究

采用单因素实验研究了各种操作因素对菌株Enterobacter sp.CV-v降解孔雀石绿的影响.结果表明,在供试碳源中,葡萄糖对脱色的促进效果最为显著,而供试氮源中,酵母粉对脱色的促进效果最优;同时,供试金属离子中,锰离子对脱色的促进效果最优.在p H=3.0~10.0、温度20~50℃之间时,菌株CV-v对孔雀石绿的12 h脱色率在90%以上.此外,该菌株可在6 h内完全脱色浓度低于500 mg·L-1的孔雀石绿.动力学实验结果表明,该菌株对孔雀石绿脱色的动力学数据与一级动力学模型拟合度最好(R2=0.9755).酶分析实验结果表明,锰过氧化物酶和孔雀石绿还原酶可能与菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿相关.此外,代谢产物分析实验结果表明,菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿的主要产物为二甲氨基二苯甲酮和4-羟基-N,N-二甲基苯铵.     

一株聚丙烯酰胺降解菌降解聚丙烯酰胺及原油性能研究

以聚丙烯酰胺为能源和碳源从油田采出水中分离到一株菌,根据其生理生化特性分析及生长试验,该株菌被鉴定为假单胞菌属PD 1菌株.对该菌的性能进行了评价,证明该菌能够在含原油、聚丙烯酰胺的水环境中生长,并对原油和聚丙烯酰胺具有降解作用.化学分析表明,在细菌的降解下,原油物性发生改变,姥鲛烷 nC17和植烷 nC18以及∑C-22和(C21+21 ∑C+C22)/(C28+C29)的比值明显增加,原油部分分解为丙酸、烯酸、十六烷酸;同时,聚丙烯酰胺的分子结构受到破坏,粘度降低,相对分子量由原来的1×107变为1×105～1×106,分子链上的酰胺基水解成羧基.     

Induced transformation of antimony trioxide by Mn(II) oxidation and their co-transformed mechanism

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic and carcinogenic element that often enters soil in the form of antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) and coexists with manganese (Mn) in weakly alkaline conditions. Mn oxides such as birnessite have been found to promote the oxidative dissolution of Sb₂O₃, but few researches concerned the co-transformations of Sb₂O₃ and Mn(II) in environment. This study investigated the mutual effect of abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) and the coupled oxidative dissolution of Sb₂O₃. The influencing factors, such as Mn(II) concentrations, pH and oxygen were also discussed. Furthermore, their co-transformed mechanism was also explored based on the analysis of Mn(II) oxidation products with or without Sb₂O₃ using XRD, SEM and XPS. The results showed that the oxidative dissolution of Sb₂O₃ was enhanced under higher pH and higher Mn(II) loadings. With a lower Mn(II) concentration such as 0.01 mmol/L Mn(II) at pH 9.0, the improved dissolution of Sb₂O₃ was attributed to the generation of dissolved intermediate Mn(III) species with strong oxidation capacity. However, under higher Mn(II) concentrations, both amorphous Mn(III) oxides and intermediate Mn(III) species were responsible for promoting the oxidative dissolution of Sb₂O₃. Most released Sb (∼72%) was immobilized by Mn oxides and Sb(V) was dominant in the adsorbed and dissolved total Sb. Meanwhile, the presence of Sb₂O₃ not only inhibited the removal of Mn(II) by reducing Mn(III) to Mn(II) but also affected the final products of Mn oxides. For example, amorphous Mn oxides were formed instead of crystalline Mn(III) oxides, such as MnOOH. Furthermore, rhodochrosite (MnCO₃) was formed with the high Mn(II)/Sb₂O₃ ratio_, but without being observed in the low Mn(II)/Sb₂O₃ ratio. The results of study could help provide more understanding about the fate of Sb in the environment and the redox transformation of Mn.     

Isolation,identification, Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption isotherms and kinetics of a lead adsorbing Penicillium sp. MRF-1 from South Korean mine soil

A heavy metal contaminated soil sample collected from a mine in Chonnam Province of South Korea was found to be a source of heavy metal adsorbing biosorbents. Chemical analyses showed high contents of lead (Pb) at 357 mg/kg and cyanide (CN) at 14.6 mg/kg in the soil. The experimental results showed that Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was the best lead resistant fungus among the four individual metal tolerant fungal species isolated from the soil. Molecular characterization of Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was determined using ITS regions sequences. E ects of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption of Pb(II) by Penicillium sp. MRF-1 were studied. Favorable conditions for maximum biosportion were found at pH 4 with 3 hr contact time. Biosorption of Pb(II) gradually increased with increasing temperature. E cient performance of the biosorbent was described using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. Biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 showed the maximum desorption in alkali conditions. Consistent adsorption/desorption potential of the biosorbent in repetitive cycles validated the e cacy of it in large scale. SEM studies given notes on surface modification of fungal biomass under metal stress and FT-IR results showed the presence of amino groups in the surface structure of the biosorbent. In conclusion, the new biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 may potentially be used as an inexpensive, easily cultivatable material for the removal of lead from aqueous solution.