Bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery is a growing segment of minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopic bariatric procedures are considered some of the most technically challenging surgeries, requiring advanced surgical skills. Successful care of the morbidly obese patient requires a multidisciplinary team approach. These unique requirements are difficult to meet during residency and surgeons interested in bariatric surgery should pursue fellowship training in bariatric surgery.     

Risk factors for preterm birth in pregnancies following bariatric surgery: an analysis of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2

BackgroundBariatric surgery has been shown to increase the risk for preterm birth in a subsequent pregnancy. Determining factors that contribute to this heightened risk will inform the development of targeted interventions to improve birth outcomes postbariatric surgery.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify risk factors of preterm birth in pregnancies following bariatric surgery. Factors being considered were preoperative medical conditions and behaviors (e.g., obesity-associated co-morbidities, gastrointestinal symptoms, substance use), antenatal factors (e.g., prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain), and surgery-specific factors (e.g., surgery type, surgery-to-conception interval).SettingBariatric surgery centers in the United States.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2. Participants were women who reported at least 1 singleton live birth during the 7-year postoperative period. Logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors of preterm birth, adjusting for covariates such as maternal age, race, and ethnicity.ResultsParticipants (n = 97) were mostly White (84.5%) and non-Hispanic (88.7%). At the time of surgery, the mean age was 29.4 ± 4.6 years, and the mean body mass index was 47.6 ± 6.3 kg/m². The prevalence of preterm birth was 13.4%. Preoperative gastrointestinal symptoms significantly increased (odds ratio: 1.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.26), while unexpectedly, excessive versus adequate gestational weight gain (odds ratio: .12; 95% confidence interval: .02–1.00) decreased the odds of preterm birth following bariatric surgery.ConclusionsThis analysis identified potential risk and protective factors of preterm birth among pregnancies postbariatric surgery. However, given the small sample size, findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating and merit further study.     

Barriers to bariatric surgery: Factors influencing progression to bariatric surgery in a U.S. metropolitan area

Background

Bariatric surgery is an effective and durable treatment for obesity. However, the number of patients that progress to bariatric surgery after initial evaluation remains low.

Bariatric surgery trends: an 18-year report from the International Bariatric Surgery Registry

BACKGROUND: The epidemic of morbid obesity has increased bariatric procedures performed. Trend analyses provide important information that may impact individual practices. METHODS: Patient data from 137 surgeons were examined from 1987 to 2004 (41,860 patients) using Cochran-Armitage Trend test and Generalized Linear Model. RESULTS: Over an 18-year period, surgeon preference for combined restrictive-malabsorptive procedures increased from 33% to 94%, while simple gastric restriction decreased correspondingly (P < .0001). Surgeons per worksite doubled and cases per surgeon increased 71%. Laparoscopic procedures increased to 24%. The percentage of males, mean operative age, and initial body mass index (BMI) increased significantly (P < .0001). Postoperative hospital stay decreased from 5.0 to 3.9 days (P < .0001). The most common procedure in 2004 was Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (59%). CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery patients are now older and heavier, length of stay is shorter, and the laparoscopic approach is more frequent. From 1987 to 2004, the general trend shows a clear preference for combined restrictive-malabsorptive operations.     

Bariatric Surgery, Safety and Type 2 Diabetes

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent major health concerns in the USA. Weight loss is the most important aspect in T2D management, as it reduces both morbidity and mortality. Available lifestyle, behavioral, and pharmacological strategies provide just mild to moderate weight loss. The greatest degree of T2D prevention or T2D amelioration in obese subjects has been reported in subjects who underwent bariatric surgery. In the current review, we will describe various types of bariatric surgery, related safety profiles, and their effect on T2D, as well as the potential mechanisms involved in the remission of T2D. Finally, we hereby examine whether bariatric surgery may be considered a treatment for T2D in pregnant women, children, adolescents and subjects at least 65 years old.     

Suicides following bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity

The proportion of the United States population living with bariatric surgery has increased exponentially since the mid 1990s. It is pertinent to study and understand the mortality patterns of this emergent population cohort and determine the role bariatric surgery may play in these mortality patterns. We present the forensic and clinical characteristics of three cases of suicide following bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity. The clinical history in each case included recurrent major depressive disorder before and after surgery. Surgery-suicide intervals were 12 months, 27 months and 26 months, respectively. Pre-surgery and pre-mortem body mass indices were 37.7 and 22.2 kg/m(2); 42.0 and 25.0 kg/m(2); 39.5 and 29.4 kg/m(2). Depressive disorder may persist in the bariatric surgery patient despite successful surgical control of obesity.     

Relationship between bariatric surgery and periodontal status: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

The effects of bariatric surgery can reflect in the oral cavity and can cause alterations in oral health. This high prevalence of oral alterations in the pre and post-operative periods has been highlighted in different studies.

减重外科的发展历程及前景

随着肥胖问题的日益严重以及微创减重手术的发展,减重手术在近年来呈现跳跃式的发展,也发展出独立的减重外科分支。减重手术不但是病态性肥胖患者目前唯一有效的治疗方法,而且逐渐发展为代谢性手术,为难治性的肥胖合并糖尿病患者提供了一种新的治疗方法。减重手术的术式数十年发生了很大的变化,目前的减重手术经过不断的改进及发展,已成为一种相对安全和有效的外科治疗方法。新的代谢性手术仍在不断地发展,预期对未来糖尿病的治疗会有很大的突破。减重外科的专科化发展则是减重手术蓬勃发展后的必然趋势,独立的减重外科可以专注于减重手术的服务以及质量提升,对减重及代谢手术的专业训练以及研究发展也都有很大的帮助。随着文明化生活方式的影响,肥胖及糖尿病将会持续成为这个时代重要的健康问题,减重外科的发展更是值得期待。     

The effect of marijuana use on short-term outcomes with bariatric surgery

BackgroundDespite increasing marijuana use nationwide, there are limited data on implications of marijuana use on bariatric surgery outcomes.ObjectiveWe investigated associations between marijuana use and bariatric surgery outcomes.SettingMulticenter statewide study utilizing data from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, a payor-funded consortium including over 40 hospitals and 80 surgeons performing bariatric surgery statewide.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative clinical registry on patients who underwent a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between June 2019 and June 2020. Patients were surveyed at baseline and annually on medication use, depression symptoms, and substance use. Regression analysis was performed to compare 30-day and 1-year outcomes between marijuana users and nonusers.ResultsOf 6879 patients, 574 reported baseline marijuana use and 139 reported use at baseline and 1 year. Marijuana users were more likely to be current smokers (14% versus 8%, P < .0001), screen positive for alcohol use disorder (20.0% versus 8.4%, P < .0001), and score higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire–8 (6.1 versus 3.0, P < .0001). There were no statistically significant differences in 30-day outcomes or co-morbidity remission at 1 year. Marijuana users had higher adjusted total mean weight loss (47.6 versus 38.1 kg, P < .0001) and body mass index reduction (17 versus 14 kg/m², P < .0001).ConclusionsMarijuana use is not associated with worse 30-day outcomes or 1-year weight loss outcomes and should not be a barrier to bariatric surgery. However, marijuana use is associated with higher rates of smoking, substance use, and depression. These patients may benefit from additional mental health and substance abuse counseling.     

Medical tourism in bariatric surgery

Background

The number of Canadians who self-refer for bariatric surgery outside of Canada or to private clinics within Canada remains undefined. The outcomes from this questionable practice have not been evaluated systematically to date.

Methods

We completed a chart review of known cases referred to our center for complications related to medical tourism and bariatric surgery.

Results

We present a series of patients who have experienced complications because of medical tourism for bariatric surgery and required urgent surgical management at a tertiary care center within Canada. Complications have resulted from 3 commonly used procedures: adjustable gastric banding, gastric sleeve resection, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Conclusions

Because of this review, we propose that a medical tourism approach to the surgical management of obesity—a chronic disease—is inappropriate and raises clear ethical and moral issues.     

Bariatric surgery decreased the serum level of an endotoxin-associated marker: lipopolysaccharide-binding protein

BackgroundRecent studies have shown serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is associated with obesity and related metabolic disorder. Bariatric surgery can significantly reduce weight, but reports about the change of LBP after bariatric surgery are limited. We investigated LBP concentration and its associations with clinical variables.MethodsWe enrolled 178 obese patients receiving different bariatric surgeries and 38 normal weight individuals. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline in all and 1 year after surgery in obese individuals. The serum LBP concentration was measured.ResultsThe percentage of excess weight loss of mini-gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric band were 72.0±20.0%, 65.5±23.0%, 67.2±18.4%, and 16.1±14.3%, respectively. Serum LBP levels were higher in the obese participants than in the normal weight participants (49.9±15.7 versus 25.2±7.5 μg/mL; P<.001) at baseline and significantly decreased to 35.1±22.6 μg/mL after bariatric surgery (P<.001) in the obese group. In the bariatric participants, after multivariate analyses, preoperative LBP and the change of LBP with surgery were independently associated only with high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<.001) and the change of hs-CRP (P = .012), respectively, while none of the postoperative variables was independently associated with LBP.ConclusionLBP is associated with body mass index and hs-CRP. Bariatric surgery significantly decreased the serum level of LBP. The relationship between LBP and hs-CRP disappeared after bariatric surgery. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014;0:000–000.) © 2014 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Diabetes remission after bariatric surgery

Over the last decade, obesity rates have continued to rise in the United States as well as worldwide and are showing no signs of slowing down. This rise is in parallel with the increasing rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given the association between obesity and T2DM and their strong correlation with increased morbidity and mortality in addition to healthcare expenditure, it is important to recognize the most effective ways to combat them. Thus, we performed a review of literature that focused on assessing the outcomes of T2DM following bariatric surgery. Available evidence suggests that bariatric surgery provides better T2DM resolution in obese patients when compared to best medical management alone. Additionally, Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch as well as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have demonstrated higher rates of T2DM resolution when compared with other bariatric procedures.